Changes in the Binding of Radioactive Conjugated Bile Salts to Serum Proteins in Cholestatic Jaundice

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chitranukroh ◽  
B. H. Billing
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Conjugated Bile Salts ◽  
Centrifugal Ultrafiltration

1. A micro-partition centrifugal ultrafiltration technique has been used to monitor the percentage of[14C]glycocholate,[3H]glycochenodeoxycholate and[3H]glycochenodepxycholate-3-sulphate bound to serum proteins of patients with cholestatic liver disease. 2. in comparison with normal individuals the percentage of binding of [14C]glycocholate and, to a lesser extent, of [3H]glycochenodeoxycholate and [3H]glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulphate was reduced. 3. The binding of [14C]glycocholate was inversely related to the serum bile salt and bilirubin concentrations. in contrast, the binding of [3H]glycochenodeoxycholate and [3H]glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulphate were not altered by the severity of the cholestasis. 4. Studies in vitro indicated that the reduction in the binding of [14C]glycocholate in cholestatic liver disease was not due to high concentrations of bile salts, unconjugated bilirubin or fatty acids.

scholarly journals Albumin in patients with liver disease shows an altered conformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret Paar ◽  
Vera H. Fengler ◽  
Daniel J. Rosenberg ◽  
Angelika Krebs ◽  
Rudolf E. Stauber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
End Stage

AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA) constitutes the primary transporter of fatty acids, bilirubin, and other plasma compounds. The binding, transport, and release of its cargos strongly depend on albumin conformation, which is affected by bound ligands induced by physiological and pathological conditions. HSA is both highly oxidized and heavily loaded with fatty acids and bilirubin in chronic liver disease. By employing small-angle X-ray scattering we show that HSA from the plasma of chronic liver disease patients undergoes a distinct opening compared to healthy donors. The extent of HSA opening correlates with clinically relevant variables, such as the model of end-stage liver disease score, bilirubin, and fatty acid levels. Although the mild oxidation of HSA in vitro does not alter overall structure, the alteration of patients’ HSA correlates with its redox state. This study connects clinical data with structural visualization of albumin dynamicity in solution and underlines the functional importance of albumin’s inherent flexibility.

Effects of taurine-conjugated bile salts on ionic transport of the rabbit esophageal mucosa

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. G688-G694
Author(s):  
J. L. Goldstein ◽  
L. N. Schmidt ◽  
F. J. Al-Bazzaz ◽  
T. J. Layden
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salts ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Esophageal Injury ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Conjugated Bile Salts

Bile salts have been implicated as a cause of esophageal injury. We examined in vitro the changes in ionic transport of the rabbit esophagus resulting from taurine-conjugated bile salts at neutral pH to define and characterize their actions independent of hydrogen ion. In an Ussing chamber changes in potential difference (PD, mV), short-circuit current (SCC, microA X cm-2) and resistance (R, omega X cm2) resulting from taurocholate (TC), taurodeoxycholate (TDC) and taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC) were studied. Transport properties were unaffected by TC at 5 and 10 mM. With TDC (5 mM) there was an initial rise in SCC and PD. After 60 min PD and R declined in association with an increase in paracellular permeability as measured by [14C]sucrose flux. TCDC (5.0 and 7.5 mM) caused a sustained rise in PD and SCC with a greater rise seen at 7.5 mM. The rise in SCC after TCDC was secondary to an increase in net sodium absorption as basal net sodium absorption increased threefold from 0.15 +/- 0.03 to 0.44 +/- 0.10 mu eq X cm-2 X h-1. Increased net sodium absorption accounted for 73% of the TCDC-induced rise in SCC. Amiloride (10(-4) M) added to the mucosal solution significantly inhibited this bile salt-induced rise in SCC. We conclude that bile salts alter ionic transport in the esophageal mucosa independent of hydrogen ion. These changes are characterized by an early selective increase in apical membrane cation conductance and with longer exposure, particularly in the presence of more hydrophobic bile salts, there is a marked increase in paracellular conductance.

scholarly journals Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Influences the In Vitro Hypolipidemic Properties of Coffee Pulp, a Potential Ingredient for the Prevention of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Cheyenne Braojos ◽  
Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz ◽  
Vanesa Benitez ◽  
Silvia Cañas ◽  
Yolanda Aguilera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Approximately 90% of the coffee cherry is discarded as waste during coffee bean processing. Coffee pulp has been validated as a potential safe ingredient and is a potential source of nutrients and health-promoting compounds that could be used as nutraceuticals to manage some chronic diseases. Metabolic disorders associated with dysregulated energy and cellular processes, such as obesity and hyperlipidemia, contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this sense, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an in vitro simulated digestion on the hypolipidemic properties of coffee pulp flour and the biological activity of the digested fractions of its flour and extract in HepG2 cells. The hypolipidemic properties of coffee pulp flour were tested by measuring the capacities of the residual fraction of each digestion to bind cholesterol and bile salts and to inhibit the lipase activity after simulated gastric, intestinal, and colonic in vitro digestion. The results exhibited that coffee pulp residual fraction had up to 58% (p < 0.05) more capacity to bind cholesterol, 1.9-fold (p < 0.05) higher bile salts binding capacity, and 1.5-fold (p < 0.05) higher ability to reduce the lipase activity than control residues. Likewise, the digested fractions of coffee pulp flour and extract (50–250 µg/mL) significantly (p < 0.05) alleviated the accumulation of fat (14–35%), triglycerides (5–27%), and cholesterol (9–48%) triggered by the stimulation of HepG2 cells with palmitic acid (500 µM) to simulate NAFLD. In conclusion, simulated gastrointestinal and colonic digestion improves coffee pulp hypolipidemic properties, enhancing its biological activity in cell culture models. Therefore, this coffee by-product could be an interesting potential ingredient to be used to prevent hyperlipidemia and regulate lipid metabolism.

Effects of copper sulphate on in vitro encystment of the cercariae of Echinostoma caproni

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fried ◽  
J.L. Schneck
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Parorchis Acanthus ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractThe effects of various concentrations of copper sulphate were studied on in vitro encystment of Echinostoma caproni in a Locke's–artificial spring water (ASW) (1:1) medium. Cercariae were killed in 10,000 mg l−1 CuSO4 in Locke's–ASW (1:1) within 24 h and extruded cystogenous material to produce an abnormal cyst wall. The ‘emergency response’ of encystment to high concentrations of copper reported for Parorchis acanthus cercariae did not occur in E. caproni. Concentrations of 1000 mg l−1 and 100 mg l−1 CuSO4 in Locke's–ASW (1:1) also killed the cercariae without encystment by 48 h. A concentration of 10 mg l−1 CuSO4 in Locke's–ASW (1:1) allowed for normal in vitro encystment within 48 h and these cysts were capable of excystation in a trypsin–bile salts medium.

THE EFFECT OF INSULIN ON THE UTILIZATION OF [U-14C]GLUCOSE AND [1-14C]ACETATE BY GOAT ADIPOSE TISSUE IN VITRO

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ŠKARDA ◽  
S. BARTOŠ
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Adipose Tissue In Vitro ◽  
High Concentrations

SUMMARY No change in the rate of 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose by the adipose tissue of goats was found in vitro, even in the presence of high concentrations of insulin (1 and 10 m-u./ml.) when glucose was the only substrate in the medium. However, it was demonstrated that in the presence of acetate as little as 10 μu. insulin/ml. exerted a marked effect on glucose oxidation. The most significant effect of insulin was that on the rate of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids in the presence of glucose. These findings support the suggestion that the significance of insulin in ruminants is best demonstrated by its effects on the rate of utilization of acetate in the presence of glucose by adipose tissue.

Investigating the potential of unsaturated fatty acids as antifungal crop protective agents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Azadeh Yasari ◽  
Nuanyi Liang ◽  
Aidin Foroutan ◽  
Michael G. Gänzle ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Planta ◽  
High Concentrations

Pathogenic fungi cause significant yield losses and quality reductions to many crops including canola, wheat, and barley. Toxic metabolites produced by fungal pathogens, along with excessive application of synthetic fungicides, can also pose risks to human and livestock health. Hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) are novel alternatives to commonly used fungicides. Here, the antifungal activities of two HUFAs, coriolic acid (CA) and ricinoleic acid (RA), were assessed in vitro and in planta for their activity against the important phytopathogens Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler, Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechsler, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Leptosphaeria maculans Ces. & De Not., and Aspergillus niger Tiegh. on selected media, monocots or dicots. The results in vitro indicated that both CA and RA showed the strongest inhibitory activity against L. maculans and A. niger, but their activities varied with different fungi. On wheat and barley, CA but not RA reduced disease severity caused by Pyrenophora spp.; on canola, treatment with high levels of CA and RA led to oxidative damage of the plant tissues, and treatment with low concentrations of CA and RA did not reduce disease severity caused by L. maculans or S. sclerotiorum on canola. Our findings suggest that the utility of HUFAs in reducing disease severity caused by pathogenic fungi depends on the dosage and the plant and fungus targeted. High concentrations of HUFA can be phytotoxic on certain plants. In addition to their direct antifungal properties, additional mechanisms may be involved in the disease reduction of CA, suggesting the need for further evaluation of its potential use in crop protection.

A comparison of the acylation of 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol and 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in neuronal nuclei in vitro using radioactive arachidonate and oleate

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roy Baker ◽  
Huu-Yi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Neuronal Nuclei ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

A neuronal nuclear fraction (N1) was isolated from cerebral cortices of 15-day-old rabbits. Samples of N1 were incubated with a radioactive fatty acid ([3H]arachidonate or [14C]oleate), acylation cofactors, and 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol (1-acyl-GPI) or 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-acyl-GPC). In competition studies, both radioactive fatty acids were incubated with one lysophospholipid or the two lysophospholipids were incubated with one radioactive fatty acid. Using [3H]arachidonate and one lysophosphoglyceride, a maximal rate of incorporation into phosphatidylinositol (PI) was found at a relatively low concentration of 1-acyl-GPI (10 μM), while increasing rates of incorporation into phosphatidylcholine (PC) were seen with increasing concentrations of 1-acyl-GPC (to 65 μM). At low concentrations of lysophosphoglyceride (≤ 25 μM) the rate of arachidonate incorporation into PI greatly exceeded rates of arachidonate incorporation into PC. This higher rate of arachidonate incorporation into PI was also seen in incubations where both lysophospholipids were present. For oleate, greater rates of incorporation into PC were found in comparison with rates of labelling of PI in assays using relatively high concentrations of one or both lysophospholipids. When comparing arachidonate and oleate, in assays with one or both fatty acids, the polyunsaturate showed at least threefold higher rates of incorporation into PI. For PC labelling higher rates of arachidonate incorporation were evident at the higher concentrations of 1-acyl-GPC and the superiority over oleate was not as marked as that seen in PI labelling.

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