Reversible Renal Nerve Denervation in the Cat: Effects on Haemodynamic and Excretory Functions of the Ipsilateral and Contralateral Kidneys

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 215s-217s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Golin ◽  
A. Stella ◽  
A. Zanchetti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Renal Changes ◽  
Water And Sodium Excretion

1. In anaesthetized cats, reversible nenal nerve denervation (cooling of the renal nerves on one side at 4°C for 16 min) was performed and its effects on haemodynamic and excretory functions of the ipsilateral and the contralateral kidneys were studied. 2. Renal nerve cooling did not cause any change in arterial pressure. Slight increase in blood flow, no change in glomerular filtration rate and a large increase in water and sodium excretion occurred in the ipsilateral kidney; simultaneously, no change in blood flow, a slight and transient decrease in glomerular filtration rate, and a significant decrease in diuresis and natriuresis were observed in the contralateral kidney. 3. Ipsilateral and contralateral renal changes were equally evident in the early (minutes 0 to 8) and late phases (minutes 8 to 16) of the cooling period. 4. When renal nerve cooling was repeated after surgical denervation of the contralateral kidney all contralateral effects were abolished.

The Sodium-Retaining Effect of Renal Nerve Activity in the Cat: Role of Angiotensin Formation

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Johns ◽  
Barbara A. Lewis ◽  
Bertha Singer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Renal Nerve Activity ◽  
Sodium Clearance

1. The effect of low-frequency stimulation of the renal nerves on renal function and renin release has been investigated. The experiments were performed in unilaterally nephrectomized, anaesthetized cats in which the nerves to the remaining kidney were sectioned. 2. When stimulation frequency was adjusted to reduce renal blood flow by approximately 15% for 15 min, glomerular filtration rate was hardly affected. The ratio sodium clearance/glomerular filtration rate was significantly reduced and plasma renin activity was significantly increased. 3. When the renal nerves were similarly stimulated in the presence of the β-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, propranolol, the glomerular filtration rate was significantly reduced and the rise in plasma renin activity was significantly inhibited. The reduction of sodium clearance/glomerular filtration rate was as great as in the control animals. 4. The results are consistent with the view that the maintenance of glomerular filtration rate, during renal nerve stimulation which reduced renal blood flow, may be mediated by the local generation of angiotensin. The results also suggest that angiotensin does not play an important role in the sodium retention associated with increased renal nerve activity.

Influence of the renin–angiotensin system in the renal haemodynamic responses to modest renal nerve stimulation in the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Ball ◽  
E. J. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Filtration Fraction

The renal nerves of the left kidney of sodium-replete anaesthetized rats were stimulated for 30-min periods at 2–3 Hz (15 V, 0·2 ms). Renal blood flow was reduced by 22% and glomerular filtration rate by 14% which resulted in a rise in filtration fraction of 12%. Circulating plasma renin activity was increased by 30% during such nerve stimulation. In rats treated for 3–4 weeks with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and saline (150 mm-NaCl) basal values of arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction were not significantly different from those observed in sodium-replete rats. However, plasma renin activity was lower, being approximately one-third of that observed in sodium-replete animals. Stimulation of the renal nerves in rats treated with DOCA and saline resulted in a fall in renal blood flow of 32% and a much larger fall in glomerular filtration rate of 33% which resulted in no change in filtration fraction. Plasma renin activity was not changed by renal nerve stimulation in the animals treated with DOCA and saline. It is suggested that these renal responses provide evidence in the rat for a role of locally generated angiotensin II in regulating glomerular filtration rate during electrical activation of the renal nerves by causing preferential vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole.

Effect of Hypoxia and Hypercapnic Acidosis on Renal Autoregulation in the Dog: Role of Renal Nerves

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Anderson ◽  
Richard G. Pluss ◽  
William T. Pluss ◽  
Jon Bell ◽  
Gary G. Zerbe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Renal Perfusion ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Hypercapnic Acidosis ◽  
Renal Perfusion Pressure

1. Previous studies suggest that hypoxia and hypercapnic acidosis exert a renal nerve mediated adverse effect on renal haemodynamic function. We therefore examined the effect of hypoxia and hypercapnic acidosis on renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate responses to lowering renal perfusion pressure from 125 to 75 mmHg in the anaesthetized dog. To study the role of renal nerves in these responses, paired innervated and denervated kidneys were studied in each animal. 2. Hypoxia (Po2 43 ± 3 mmHg) affected neither renal blood flow nor glomerular filtration rate responses to decreasing renal perfusion pressure. 3. Hypercapnic acidosis (Pco2 71 ±2 mmHg; pH 7.03 ± 0.01) significantly decreased both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate as renal perfusion pressure was lowered. This effect of hypercapnic acidosis could be abolished by renal denervation. 4. These findings suggest that hypercapnic acidosis results in renal nerve stimulation, which prevents the usual decrease in renal afferent arteriolar tone that occurs in response to lowering of renal perfusion pressure.

Renal glomerular filtration rate and hepatic blood flow during voluntary diving in Weddell seals

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (5) ◽  
pp. R743-R748 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Davis ◽  
M. A. Castellini ◽  
G. L. Kooyman ◽  
R. Maue
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
Icg Clearance ◽  
The Mean

Renal and hepatic function were studied during voluntary dives in Weddell seals by measuring the clearance rate of inulin and indocyanine green (ICG). Inulin is cleared exclusively by the kidneys and measures renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). ICG is cleared by the liver and is blood flow dependent at concentrations used. Studies were conducted from a portable hut with a trapdoor placed over an isolated hole in the sea ice near McMurdo Station, Antarctica. An intravertebral extradural catheter was inserted percutaneously under light anesthesia in subadult seals weighing 130-200 kg. When released into the ice hole, the seals made voluntary dives, but always had to return to breathe. Serial blood samples were taken after single injections of inulin and ICG and analyzed within 24 h. The mean half time (t 1/2) for inulin clearance while resting at the surface was 27.3 +/- 13.0 min (n = 43) and the mean t 1/2 for ICG clearance was 18.3 +/- 7.3 min (n = 23). The mean resting GFR was 3.6 ml X min-1 X kg-1 (range 3.2-3.9, n = 3). Inulin and ICG clearance rates did not change from resting levels during dives shorter than the seal's aerobic dive limit (ADL). Inulin clearance decreased over 90% during dives longer than the ADL, but there was no significant reduction in ICG clearance during dives lasting up to 23 min. It appears that normal renal GFR and hepatic blood flow continue during natural aerobic dives. During dives that exceed the ADL, GFR is reduced but hepatic blood flow may be maintained.

Effects of growth hormone and IGF-I on renal function in rats with normal and reduced renal mass

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. F747-F751 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Miller ◽  
V. A. Hansen ◽  
M. R. Hammerman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Igf I

To characterize actions of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor ( (IGF-I) on renal function in rats with normal and reduced renal mass, we administered recombinant bovine growth hormone (bGH) or human IGF-I (hIGF-I) to normal rats or to rats that had undergone unilateral nephrectomy and two-thirds infarction of the contralateral kidney, and measured inulin and p-aminohippurate clearances over 10-17 days. Administration of either bGH (100-200 micrograms/day) or hIGF-I (200 micrograms/day) to rats with normal renal mass increased inulin and p-aminohippurate clearances compared with those measured in animals that received vehicle. Filtration fractions were not affected by either bGH or hIGF-I. Inulin clearance was decreased to approximately 17% of normal 1 day after reduction of renal mass in rats. Over the next 3 days insulin clearance increased significantly in rats with reduced renal mass that were administered vehicle. No further enhancement occurred during the next 7 days. Neither bGH nor hIGF-I affected inulin clearance in rats with reduced renal mass. We conclude that both GH and IGF-I enhance glomerular filtration rate when administered to rats with normal renal mass, but not when administered in the same quantities to rats in which renal functional mass is reduced. Glomerular filtration rate increases within 4 days of renal mass reduction independent of exogenous GH or IGF-I.

Genetic co-segregation of renal haemodynamics and blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Harrap ◽  
A. E. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

1. To determine the relevance of renal circulatory abnormalities found in the immature spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) to the genetic hypertensive process, glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were measured in conscious F2 rats, derived from crossbreeding SHR and normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY), at 4, 11 and 16 weeks of age by determining the renal clearances of 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetra-acetate and 125I-hippuran respectively. Plasma renin activity was measured at 11 and 16 weeks of age. 2. Mean arterial pressure, glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow increased between 4 and 11 weeks of age. Between 11 and 16 weeks the mean glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow did not alter, although the mean arterial pressure rose significantly. At 11 weeks of age, during the developmental phase of hypertension, a significant negative correlation between mean arterial pressure and both glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow was noted. However, by 16 weeks when the manifestations of genetic hypertension were more fully expressed, no correlation between mean arterial pressure and renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate was observed. Plasma renin activity was negatively correlated with both glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, but the relationship was stronger at 11 than at 16 weeks of age. 3. These results suggest that the reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, found in immature SHR, is genetically linked to the hypertension and may be of primary pathogenetic importance. It is proposed that the increased renal vascular resistance in these young animals stimulates the rise of systemic arterial pressure which returns renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate to normal.

Renal Blood Flow, Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Renal Oxygenation in Early Clinical Septic Shock*

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. e560-e566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Skytte Larsson ◽  
Vitus Krumbholz ◽  
Anders Enskog ◽  
Gudrun Bragadottir ◽  
Bengt Redfors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate

USE OF HEMODIALYSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF QUINIDINE POISONING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Ekkehard W. Reimold ◽  
Walter J. Reynolds ◽  
David E. Fixler ◽  
LaVerne McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Artificial Kidney ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Urine Acidification ◽  
Forced Diuresis

Hemodialysis was used in addition to forced diuresis in the treatment of quinidine poisoning of a 3-year-old girl. The estimated retained dose of quinidine was 1,600 mg. During a 36-hour treatment period the patient excreted through the kidneys 768.1 mg quinidine (21.3 mg/hr). Hemodialysis almost doubled the quinidine elimination by removing 145 mg in eight hours (18.1 mg/hr): renal excretion, 55%; hemodialysis, 45%. The quinidine elimination with dialysis is high when high blood flow rates through the artificial kidney can be maintained. Adequate glomerular filtration rate and urine acidification are necessary for high renal excretion of quinidine.

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