The Contribution of the Accelerating Phase of Inspiratory Flow to Resistive Load Detection in Man

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Narbed ◽  
D. Marcer ◽  
J. B. L. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Load Detection ◽  
Flow Phase ◽  
Accelerating Flow

1. By the use of Signal Detection Theory techniques resistive load detection sensitivity was estimated in ten normal subjects during loading of the whole of inspiration and compared with loading restricted to the initial, accelerating phase of inspiratory air flow. 2. Detection sensitivity during the accelerating-flow phase of inspiration was not significantly different from that in the control conditions. 3. These results suggest that the information for detection is generated in the accelerating phase of inspiratory air flow. 4. We propose that the stimulus for resistive load detection is the ratio of the rate of change of pressure to the rate of change of flow.

A Signal Detection Theory Analysis of the Effect of Chest Cage Restriction upon the Detection of Inspiratory Resistive Loads

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
P. G. Narbed ◽  
D. Marcer ◽  
J. B. L. Howell ◽  
E. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Detection Theory ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Load Detection ◽  
Resistive Loads ◽  
Willingness To Report ◽  
And Control

1. By the use of Signal Detection Theory techniques, resistive load detection sensitivity was estimated in six normal subjects, and compared with detection when the chest cage was strapped in the position of full expiration. 2. With chest cage restriction there was both a decrease in detection sensitivity and an increase in the willingness to report the presence of an added load to breathing. 3. This suggests that the similarity of detection in chest clamping and control previously reported was due partly to increased detection bias with chest clamping. 4. These results have implications concerning the dependence of detection on afferent information from the chest wall.

The Contribution of the Accelerating Flow Phase of Inspiration to Resistive Load Detection

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 26P-26P
Author(s):  
P.G. Narbed ◽  
D. Marcer ◽  
J.B.L. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Resistive Load ◽  
Load Detection ◽  
Flow Phase ◽  
Accelerating Flow

Sensory and Non-Sensory Factors and the Concept of Externality in Obese Subjects

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick M. Gardner ◽  
Shirley J. Brake ◽  
Beth Reyes ◽  
Dick Maestas
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Lower Response ◽  
Visual Threshold ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Psychophysical Task

9 obese and 9 normal subjects performed a psychophysical task in which food- or non-food-related stimuli were briefly flashed tachistoscopically at a speed and intensity near the visual threshold. A signal was presented on one-half the trials and noise only on the other one-half of the trials. Using signal detection theory methodology, separate measures of sensory sensitivity ( d') and response bias (β) were calculated. No differences were noted between obese and normal subjects on measures of sensory sensitivity but significant differences on response bias. Obese subjects had consistently lower response criteria than normal ones. Analysis for subjects categorized by whether they were restrained or unrestrained eaters gave findings identical to those for obese and normal. The importance of using a methodology that separates sensory and non-sensory factors in research on obesity is discussed.

Mechanism of detection of resistive loads in conscious humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2267-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Puddy ◽  
G. Giesbrecht ◽  
R. Sanii ◽  
M. Younes
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Load Detection ◽  
Elastic Load ◽  
Resistive Loads ◽  
Source Of Information

Conscious humans easily detect loads applied to the respiratory system. Resistive loads as small as 0.5 cmH2O.l-1.s can be detected. Previous work suggested that afferent information from the chest wall served as the primary source of information for load detection, but the evidence for this was not convincing, and we recently reported that the chest wall was a relatively poor detector for applied elastic loads. Using the same setup of a loading device and body cast, we sought resistive load detection thresholds under three conditions: 1) loading of the total respiratory system, 2) loading such that the chest wall was protected from the load but airway and intrathoracic pressures experienced negative pressure in proportion to inspiratory flow, and 3) loading of the chest wall alone with no alteration of airway or intrathoracic pressure. The threshold for detection for the three types of load application in seven normal subjects was 1.17 +/- 0.33, 1.68 +/- 0.45, and 6.3 +/- 1.38 (SE) cmH2O.l-1.s for total respiratory system, chest wall protected, and chest wall alone, respectively. We conclude that the active chest wall is a less potent source of information for detection of applied resistive loads than structures affected by negative airway and intrathoracic pressure, a finding similar to that previously reported for elastic load detection.

Using Signal Detection Theory Indexes for the Experimental Manipulation of Emotional States

Methodology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Marques-Teixeira ◽  
Fernando Barbosa ◽  
Pedro R. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Detection Theory ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Sensitivity Indices

Classic studies regarding emotional processing, either in normal subjects or in pathological groups, rely on the basic assumption of a linear correspondence between stimuli input and perceived emotional information. This neglects the evidence that different experimental groups may perceive the same stimuli features differently. Thus, when emotional input is to act as an independent variable, it becomes fundamental to assure equivalent emotional loading in all groups under comparison, even if using different stimuli. This is not a commonly used procedure when studying emotion or its influence on other cognitive processes. In order to address this issue, a signal detection theory based methodology is presented, which permits measuring sensitivity indices for emotional stimuli, while controlling participants’ subjective criteria. This proposal may represent a useful methodological approach for the study of several emotion-related problems and albeit applicable to any group of subjects.

Resistive Load Detection during Passive Ventilation

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Killian ◽  
C. K. Mahutte ◽  
E. J. M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Load Detection ◽  
Resistive Loads

1. By using standard psychophysical techniques resistive load detection was estimated in five normal subjects during spontaneous breathing and during passive ventilation in a Drinker respirator. 2. During assisted ventilation a gross deterioration in resistive load detection occurred. 3. The findings imply that active respiratory muscle contraction plays an essential role in the detection of added resistive loads.

Development of inhibitory control during childhood and its relations to early temperament and later social anxiety: Unique insights provided by latent growth modeling and signal detection theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya V. Troller-Renfree ◽  
George Buzzell ◽  
Maureen E. Bowers ◽  
Virginia Salo ◽  
Alissa Forman-Alberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Detection Theory ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Latent Growth

Background: Children with Behavioral Inhibition (BI) temperament face increased social anxiety risk. However, not all children with BI develop anxiety symptoms. Inhibitory control (IC) has been suggested as a moderator of the pathway between BI and social anxiety. The current study uses longitudinal data to characterize development of IC and tests the hypothesis that IC moderates associations between early BI and later social anxiety symptoms. Methods: Children completed a Go/Nogo task at ages 5, 7, and 9 years as part of a longitudinal study of BI (measured at 2-3 years) and social anxiety symptoms (measured at 12 years). To assess IC development, response strategy (criterion) and inhibitory performance (d’) were characterized using signal detection theory. Latent growth models were used to characterize the development of IC and examine relations among BI, IC parameters, and social anxiety symptoms. Results: IC response strategy did not change between 5 and 9 years of age, whereas IC performance improved over time. BI scores in toddlerhood predicted neither initial levels (intercept) nor changes (slope) in IC response strategy or IC performance. However, between ages 5 and 9, rate of change in IC performance, but not response strategy, moderated relations between BI and later parent-reported social anxiety symptoms. Specifically, greater age-related improvements in IC performance predicted higher levels of social anxiety in high BI children.Conclusions: IC development in childhood occurs independent of BI levels. However, rapid IC development moderates risk for social anxiety symptoms in children with BI. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Superior laryngeal nerve blockade and inspiratory resistive load detection in normal subjects

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1567-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Fitzpatrick ◽  
T. Zintel ◽  
M. Stockwell ◽  
J. Mink ◽  
C. G. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Nerve Blockade ◽  
Load Detection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistive Loads

The site for detection of added inspiratory resistive loads is unknown, but recent evidence suggests that the airways may play an important role. The aim of this study was to discern whether the larynx has an important independent role in conscious detection of added inspiratory resistive loads. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effect of superior laryngeal nerve blockade on inspiratory resistive load-detection threshold was carried out in 12 normal subjects (7 women; mean age 27.5 yr; range 18–45 yr). Baseline (preinjection) detection thresholds were similar on the lidocaine [0.58 +/- 0.16 (SE) cmH2O.l-1.s] and saline (0.53 +/- 0.12 cmH2O.l-1.s; P = 0.28) days. There was no significant difference in load-detection thresholds after injection between lidocaine (0.60 +/- 0.15 cmH2O.l-1.s) and saline (0.55 +/- 0.10 cmH2O.l-1.s; P = 0.68). Thus, the larynx does not appear to be an important independent airway site for conscious inspiratory resistive load detection.

So, Whatever Happened to Signal Detection Theory?

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 972-972
Author(s):  
Jerome R. Busemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Detection Theory
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