Airway and Metabolic Responsiveness to Intravenous Salbutamol in Asthma: Effect of Regular Inhaled Salbutamol

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Harvey ◽  
C. J. Baldwin ◽  
P. J. Wood ◽  
K. G. M. M. Alberti ◽  
A. E. Tattersfield
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotide ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Airway Response ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonists ◽  
Inhaled Salbutamol

1. Airway, metabolic and cyclic nucleotide responses to intravenous salbutamol were measured in five patients with mild asthma who had taken no medication in the week before the study. The studies were repeated after the patient had taken regular inhaled salbutamol for 4 weeks, in doses increasing to 2000 μg daily in week 4. 2. The pretreatment airway, metabolic and cyclic nucleotide responses to salbutamol were similar to those previously reported in normal subjects. These patients therefore did not show evidence of partial β-adrenoceptor blockade. 3. After 4 weeks' salbutamol therapy the airway response to intravenous salbutamol was unchanged. 4. The glucose, pyruvate and adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) responses to intravenous salbutamol were depressed after regular salbutamol administration. The dose-response curve for non-esterified fatty acids and insulin, though displaced downwards, did not indicate an impaired response to salbutamol since the shape was unchanged. There was no significant change in the lactate, glycerol and total ketone response. 5. This study confirms that tissues differ in the ease with which they develop resistance to β-adrenoceptor agonists. Asthmatic airways appear to be relatively protected from developing resistance when compared with other tissues in asthmatic patients and when compared with the airways of normal subjects.

PLASMA NON-ESTERIFIED FATTY ACID LEVELS IN HYPOPITUITARY SUBJECTS

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. B. STAMP
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

SUMMARY Changes in the plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in a group of patients with proven hypopituitarism have been compared with those found in control subjects during prolonged fasting, after the injection of insulin and after the oral administration of glucose with and without the previous administration of insulin. During a 4 hr. prolongation of an overnight fast plasma NEFA levels increased at a significantly slower rate in the patients with hypopituitarism. The intravenous injection of insulin was followed by a prompt fall in NEFA levels in the control group, and by a rapid return to or above original values. The recovery was consistently and markedly impaired in the patients with hypopituitarism and this abnormality differentiated them more clearly from the normal subjects than the abnormality in their plasma sugar response to insulin. The patients with pituitary hypofunction had a flat plasma sugar curve after the oral administration of glucose, but there were only minor differences from the normal plasma NEFA levels. Previous insulin administration impaired glucose tolerance in normal subjects and resulted in a more rapid late return of NEFA levels than after the administration of glucose alone. This late rise in NEFA did not occur in the hypopituitary group. The results obtained support the concept that pituitary integrity is required for normal fat mobilization. The consistency of the changes suggests that tests based on plasma NEFA measurements may provide a useful indirect means of diagnosing pituitary hypofunction.

Exchange of Metabolites in the Leg of Exercising Juvenile Diabetic Subjects

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lyngsøe ◽  
J. P. Clausen ◽  
J. Trap-Jensen ◽  
L. Sestoft ◽  
O. Schaffalitzky de Muckadell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Juvenile Diabetes ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
And Control

1. Exchange of metabolic substrates was studied across the leg at rest and during a bicycle exercise demanding 50% of the maximal oxygen uptake in seven patients with juvenile diabetes and six control subjects. The leg blood flow and the femoral arterial and venous substrate concentrations were measured in the fasting state and, in the diabetic subjects, 24 h after the last administration of insulin. 2. At rest a close correlation was seen in the control subjects between the leg glucose uptake and the arterial insulin concentration. The diabetic subjects, including three patients in whom it could be shown that the insulin concentrations were extremely low, had a resting glucose uptake in the same order of magnitude as the control subjects. The glucose uptake was inversely related to the arterial concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids in both groups. 3. During exercise the glucose uptake increased in both patients and control subjects, but the increase was not related to arterial concentrations of insulin or non-esterified fatty acids. 4. The release of lactate, pyruvate, alanine and glycerol from the leg was not different in diabetic and control subjects neither at rest nor during exercise. 5. The ketonaemia was increased in the diabetic subjects, but the uptake of total ketone bodies was not different in the two groups. No increase in the uptake of total ketone bodies in control and diabetic subjects was found during exercise. The leg uptake of acetoacetate was a function of the substrate load and tended to be higher in diabetic subjects during exercise, when no net uptake of β-hydroxybutyrate was found. 6. The above results suggest that the glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle at rest depends on the concentration of insulin and possibly also of non-esterified fatty acids in arterial blood. In contrast the glucose uptake during exercise is not related to the concentration of insulin or non-esterified fatty acids, which may explain why no differences in this aspect are seen between the leg metabolism of diabetic and normal subjects.

The Effect of Regular Inhaled Salbutamol on the Airway Responsiveness of Normal Subjects

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
C. M. B. Higgs ◽  
R. B. Richardson ◽  
G. Laszlo
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Cromoglycate ◽  
Beclomethasone Dipropionate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Airway Response ◽  
Airway Responses ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Inhaled Salbutamol

1. Airway responses to inhaled salbutamol were measured in two groups of six normal non-atopic subjects. In each group there was a dose-dependent increase in specific airways conductance after salbutamol inhaled in cumulative doses from 25 to 600 μg. 2. In the first group these studies were repeated weekly during and after the subjects had taken regular inhaled salbutamol for 4 weeks, in doses increasing to 500 μg four times daily by week 4. Then, while subjects were continuing to receive regular salbutamol, the studies were repeated after 48 h of inhaled sodium cromoglycate (20 mg four times daily) and again after 48 h of beclomethasone dipropionate (200 μg four times daily). 3. In the second group the studies were repeated after 10 days of regular inhaled salbutamol (500 μg four times daily). 4. There was no change in airway response to inhaled salbutamol after 4 weeks or 10 days regular salbutamol therapy, or after 48 h of sodium cromoglycate or beclomethasone dipropionate therapy. 5. This study did not show the development of resistance to β-agonists in the airways of normal subjects. These findings are discussed in the context of other studies which have shown the development of resistance, and we suggest that there may be a spectrum of susceptibility to the development of impaired airway responsiveness following regular treatment with β-adrenergic drugs.

Postprandial Substrate Deposition in Human Forearm and Adipose Tissues in Vivo

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Coppack ◽  
R. M. Fisher ◽  
G. F. Gibbons ◽  
S. M. Humphreys ◽  
M. J. McDonough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
A Minor

1. Substrate movements in forearm muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were studied, by measurement of arteriovenous differences and blood flow, in seven normal subjects after an overnight fast and then for 6 h after ingestion of a mixed meal. Overall substrate balances were examined in terms of the flux of gram-atoms of carbon. 2. As found previously, the forearm was approximately in carbon balance (import equal to export) after the overnight fast, whereas adipose tissue was a net exporter of carbon, mainly in the form of non-esterified fatty acids. 3. After the meal, arterialized plasma concentrations of glucose and lactate rose sharply (peak at 60 min), whereas those of non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol fell (nadir at 60–120 min). Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations rose slowly to peak at 240 min; much of this rise was accounted for by a rise in the chylomicron fraction. 4. Both tissues took up glucose at an increased rate after the meal. Release of non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol from adipose tissue was suppressed. Clearance of triacylglycerol by both tissues increased after the meal, but was more marked in adipose tissue, where the fractional extraction of chylomicron-triacylglycerol reached 44% at 240 min. 5. The forearm rapidly became a considerable net importer of carbon, and remained so until 6 h after the meal when it was again in approximate carbon balance. Glucose uptake dominated the forearm carbon balance. Adipose tissue was a net importer of carbon from 30 min until 5 h after the meal and then reverted to net export. Clearance of triacylglycerol carbon made the largest contribution to this positive balance, but towards the end of the study this was increasingly counterbalanced by simultaneous non-esterified fatty acid release. 6. Skeletal muscle plays a major role, and adipose tissue a minor one, in the disposal of ingested carbohydrate; adipose tissue plays a major role and skeletal muscle a minor one in clearance of dietary-derived triacylglycerol. The role of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase is not, however, simply the uptake of triacylglycerol for storage within the tissue; rather, it appears to play a central role in the distribution of dietary-derived lipid energy.

Effect of Propolis-Supplemented Diet on Body Composition and Endocrine Function of Adipose Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Maria Jesús Lisbona-González ◽  
Candela Reyes-Botella ◽  
Esther Muñoz-Soto ◽  
Maria Victoria Olmedo-Gaya, ◽  
Jorge Moreno-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and has central role in interaction with other organs or tissues while propolis can induce lipolysis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide detailed information about adipose tissue homeostasis modifications and body composition during propolis supplement consumption. Twenty male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks) were divided into two groups of 10 animals each and fed for 90 days with two different types of diets: standard for the control group (diet C) and standard diet + 2% propolis (diet P). Thyroid hormones did not show differences, while ghrelin and adiponectin decreased in the group that was fed propolis. Insulin, leptin, and non-esterified fatty acids also increased along with reduced body weight and fat, in addition to increased lean mass when propolis was in the diet. We conclude that propolis could decrease ghrelin and adiponectin but increase non-esterified fatty acids and insulin secretion, which improves body composition.

scholarly journals 51 Intranasal oxytocin improves plasma non-esterified fatty acids but not distance walked or cortisol concentrations at weaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nickles ◽  
Alejandro E Relling ◽  
Anthony J Parker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Global Positioning

Abstract Beef calves express behaviors such as walking and vocalizing to a greater extend during weaning. These behaviors increase production costs due to compromised calf growth, health, and welfare. Oxytocin treatment reduces anxious behaviors and attenuates the HPA axis, thus the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of oxytocin on calf growth, cortisol, and distance walked at weaning. A total of 20 Angus x Simmental heifer calves were randomly allotted to each treatment group (n = 10), intranasal oxytocin or saline (OXT, CON). All calves were administered the respective intranasal treatment at weaning (day 0), and then placed in the same pasture. Calves were weighed and blood sampled on days 0, 1, 7, and 14. Blood samples were used to quantify non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate, and cortisol. Each heifer was fitted with a global positioning system collar that recorded calf location every 10 seconds for 16 h on days 0, 7, and 14. To further evaluate calf behavior, observations were made on days 0, 7, and 14 using instantaneous scan sampling from 0730 to 0830, 1200 to 1300, and 1700 to 1800 h. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design with repeated measures model (SAS 9.4). Providing calves with intranasal oxytocin on the day of weaning did not have an effect on the distance walked, observed behavior, body weight, β-hydroxybutyrate, or cortisol concentrations, however, there was a day effect (P < 0.05) for these variables. Intranasal oxytocin treatment did affect NEFA concentrations, as calves in the CON group had greater NEFA concentrations on day 1 compared with calves in the OXT group (P < 0.05). These data imply that intranasal oxytocin could have the capacity to decrease mobilization of NEFA, but this change was not enough to affect body weight 14 days after weaning.

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