Deamination of Adenosine 5′-Phosphate and Adenosine as a Possible Source of Ammonia in Human and Bovine Parotid Glands

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Bereznowski ◽  
A. Stankiewicz ◽  
W. Makarewicz
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Incubation Mixture ◽  
Amp Deaminase ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Human Parotid Gland ◽  
Adenosine Phosphate

1. The liberation of ammonia from adenosine 5′-phosphate (AMP) and adenosine and the release of inorganic phosphate from AMP were investigated in homogenates of bovine and human parotid glands. 2. Adenosine phosphate deaminase (AMP deaminase) was purified from bovine and human parotid glands. The enzyme preparations obtained were free from adenosine deaminase and 5′-nucleotidase activities. 3. AMP incubated with human parotid gland homogenate produced inosine 5′-phosphate, adenosine, inosine and ammonia. The amount of ammonia accumulating in the incubation mixture was equal to the sum of inosine 5′-phosphate plus inosine. 4. These results demonstrate the presence in human parotid of AMP deaminase and adenosine deaminase.

Expression and anti-bacterial activity of human parotid secretory protein (PSP)

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Geetha ◽  
S.G. Venkatesh ◽  
B.H. Fasciotto Dunn ◽  
S.-U. Gorr
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Related Sequence ◽  
Human Parotid Gland ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Parotid Secretory Protein ◽  
Rat Parotid

Parotid secretory protein (PSP) is an abundant protein in mouse and rat parotid glands. A related sequence (C20orf70) was identified on human chromosome 20. The goal of this study was to determine if PSP is expressed in the human parotid gland. The cDNA for human PSP was amplified from a human parotid cDNA sample. A peptide antibody, raised to the C-terminal peptide of PSP, identified the protein in human parotid tissue by immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunoaffinity chromatography suggested that PSP was expressed in human saliva. PSP is related to bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI). To test if PSP exhibits anti-bacterial activity, epitope-tagged PSP was expressed in rat GH4C1 cells. The secretion medium exhibited bacteristatic or bactericidal effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a colony-forming assay when compared with secretion medium from GH4C1 cells that did not express PSP. These results suggest that PSP is expressed in the human parotid gland and saliva, where it functions as a BPI-like anti-bacterial protein.

Ultrastructure of the Parotid Gland of the Nine-Banded Armadillo

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
J. R. Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections

Parotid glands were obtained from five adult (four male and one female) armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) which were perfusion-fixed. The glands were located in a position similar to that of most mammals. They extended interiorly to the anterior portion of the submandibular gland.In the light microscope, it was noted that the acini were relatively small and stained strongly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue techniques, confirming the earlier results of Shackleford (1). Based on these qualities and other structural criteria, these cells have been classified as seromucous (2). The duct system was well developed. There were numerous intercalated ducts and intralobular striated ducts. The striated duct cells contained large amounts of PAS-positive substance.Thin sections revealed that the acinar cells were pyramidal in shape and contained a basally placed, slightly flattened nucleus (Fig. 1). The rough endoplasmic reticulum was also at the base of the cell.

scholarly journals 18F-FDG-PET/CT in radiation therapy-induced parotid gland inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Mouminah ◽  
Austin J. Borja ◽  
Emily C. Hancin ◽  
Yu Cheng Chang ◽  
Thomas J. Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Abstract Background 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is used in the clinical management of oncologic and inflammatory pathologies. It may have utility in detecting radiotherapy (RT)-induced damage of oral tissues. Thus, the aim of the present study was to use FDG-PET/CT to evaluate parotid gland inflammation following RT in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods This retrospective study included patients with HNC treated with photon, proton, or combined photon/proton RT, in addition to chemotherapy. All patients received FDG-PET/CT imaging pre-treatment and 3 months post-treatment. The average mean standardized uptake value (Avg SUVmean) and the average maximum standardized uptake value (Avg SUVmax) of the left and right parotid glands were determined by global assessment of FDG activity using OsiriX MD software. A two-tailed paired t test was used to compare Avg SUVmean and Avg SUVmax pre- and post-RT. Results Forty-seven HNC patients were included in the study. Parotid gland Avg SUVmean was significantly higher at 3 months post-treatment than pre-treatment (p < 0.05) in patients treated with photon RT, but no significant differences were found between pre- and post-treatment Avg SUVmean in patients treated with proton RT or combined photon/proton RT. Conclusion Our results suggest that photon RT may cause radiation-induced inflammation of the parotid gland, and that proton RT, which distributes less off-target radiation, is a safer treatment alternative.

scholarly journals L-Arginine Intake Effect on Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism in Rat Parenchymal and Reproductive Tissues

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kocic ◽  
J. Nikolic ◽  
T. Jevtovic-Stoimenov ◽  
D. Sokolovic ◽  
H. Kocic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Amp Deaminase ◽  
Male Impotence ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Adenosine Concentration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

L-arginine is conditionally essetcial amino acid, required for normal cell growth, protein synthesis, ammonia detoxification, tissue growth and general performance, proposed in the treatment of men sterility and prevention of male impotence. The aim of the present paper was to estimate the activity of the enzymes of adenine nucleotide metabolism:5′-nucleotidase (5′-NU), adenosine deaminase (ADA), AMP deaminase, and xanthine oxidase (XO), during dietary intake of L-arginine for a period of four weeks of male Wistar rats. Adenosine concentration in tissues is maintained by the relative activities of the adenosine-producing enzyme,5′-NU and the adenosine-degrading enzyme-ADA adenosine deaminase. Dietary L-arginine intake directed adenine nucleotide metabolism in liver, kidney, and testis tissue toward the activation of adenosine production, by increased5′-NU activity and decreased ADA activity. Stimulation of adenosine accumulation could be of importance in mediating arginine antiatherosclerotic, vasoactive, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. Assuming that the XO activity reflects the rate of purine catabolism in the cell, while the activity of AMP deaminase is of importance in ATP regeneration, reduced activity of XO, together with the increased AMP-deaminase activity, may suggest that adenine nucleotides are presumably directed to the ATP regenerating process during dietary L-arginine intake.

Intraluminal crystalloids in malignant salivary gland tumours

1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1175-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Y. Ro ◽  
Bruce Mackay ◽  
John G. Batsakis ◽  
Joiner Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Salivary Duct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumours ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenomas

AbstractThe ultrastructural, X-ray microanalytical, histochemical and immunocytochemi-cal features of intraluminal crystalloids found in adenocarcinomas of the parotid gland have been studied. The crystalloids, putatively derived from an abnormal crystalization of salivary duct proteins, are considerably different from the crystalloids found in normal parotid glands, pleomorphic adenomas, and sialocysts.

scholarly journals Morphological evidence that pentagastrin regulates secretion in the human parotid gland

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Loy ◽  
Martina Diana ◽  
Raffaella Isola ◽  
Paola Solinas ◽  
Michela Isola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Human Parotid Gland

FUNCTIONAL DISORDERSOF THE SALIVARY GLANDS IN PATIENTS WITH COMPRESSION AND DISLOCATION DYSFUNCTION OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT AND THEIR CORRECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1695-1698
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Rybalov ◽  
Pavel I. Yatsenko ◽  
Olga Yu. Andriyanova ◽  
Elena S. Ivanytska ◽  
Maria A. Korostashova
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Fluid Content ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Before And After

The aim: Is to assess the functional state of parotid glands and general secretion in patients with compression, dislocation dysfunction of TMJ, to correct the revealed disorders. Materials and methods: We examined 46 patients with dysfunction of TMJ. Examination included TMJ zonography and salivary glands sonography. We studied the general and parotid secretion, transparency, viscosity, pH of the oral fluid and the secretions of the parotid glands before and after treatment. The treatment of dysfunction and hyposialosis included the repositioning of the articular heads of the lower jaw in the correct anatomical position, the use of a repositioning plate on the posterior teeth at the compression side of the articular head, bougienage of the duct of the parotid gland, administration of 10% magnesium-mineral solution of bischofite into the gland. Results: In patients with TMJ dysfunction, a significant decrease in the oral fluid content was noted before treatment. The saliva transparency was reduced, the viscosity was increased, the pH was slightly acidic. A study, which was carried out a month after completion of the course of treatment showed that all the studied parameters corresponded to those in healthy individuals. Conclusions: The study confirmed that in compression and dislocation dysfunction of TMJ, there are disorders of the functional state of the salivary glands.

Automatic Parotid Gland Segmentation in MVCT Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Junqian Zhang ◽  
Yingming Sun ◽  
Hongen Liao ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Helical Tomotherapy ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Megavoltage Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Segmentation Models

Radiation-induced xerostomia, as a major problem in radiation treatment of the head and neck cancer, is mainly due to the overdose irradiation injury to the parotid glands. Helical Tomotherapy-based megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) imaging during the Tomotherapy treatment can be applied to monitor the successive variations in the parotid glands. While manual segmentation is time consuming, laborious, and subjective, automatic segmentation is quite challenging due to the complicated anatomical environment of head and neck as well as noises in MVCT images. In this article, we propose a localization-refinement scheme to segment the parotid gland in MVCT. After data pre-processing we use mask region convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) in the localization stage after data pre-processing, and design a modified U-Net in the following fine segmentation stage. To the best of our knowledge, this study is a pioneering work of deep learning on MVCT segmentation. Comprehensive experiments based on different data distribution of head and neck MVCTs and different segmentation models have demonstrated the superiority of our approach in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, flexibility, and practicability. Our method can be adopted as a powerful tool for radiation-induced injury studies, where accurate organ segmentation is crucial.

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