Total Body Potassium in Relation to Thyroid Hormones and Hyperthyroidism

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Edmonds ◽  
T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Hyperthyroid Patients ◽  
Considerable Loss

1. Body weight and total body potassium were measured in 23 hyperthyroid patients before and at various stages during treatment and in 19 athyreotic patients who were being treated with high-dose l-thyroxine. 2. In the hyperthyroid patients the total body potassium rose by 23 ± 2.8% (sem) within a few weeks of restoring the blood thyroid hormone levels to normal. The body potassium values after treatment were close to that expected in these individuals if they were healthy indicating that a considerable loss of body potassium is usual in hyperthyroidism. 3. The gain of total body potassium in hyperthyroidism averaged 71 ± 8 mmol for each kg of body weight gained (compared with muscle potassium concentration of about 92 mmol/kg). In contrast, weight loss produced by dietary treatment of obesity caused very little change of body potassium (maximum averaged was 14 ± 4 mmol/kg wt. loss). 4. Among the patients with hyperthyroidism, the greatest muscular weakness was present in those with the greatest body potassium loss and these patients regained a large amount of potassium relative to weight on recovery. 5. Total body potassium changes were closely related to total plasma tri-iodothyronine concentrations but unrelated to the thyroxine levels.

Nutritional Status of Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Heide ◽  
Andreas Pierratos ◽  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Jean Pettit ◽  
Raymond Ogilvie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Over Time

Nutritional follow-up of 20 CAPD patients for 18–24 months showed a decrease in total body nitrogen, increase in total body potassium and body weight, and a decrease in protein intake over time. There was no correlation between changes in TBN and the biochemical parameters measured. Serial dietetic assessments and measurements of total body nitrogen as well as adherence to an adequate protein intake will assist in the prevention of malnutrition in CAPD patients.

One-generation reproduction toxicity study of Dithane M-45 (mancozeb) and lead acetate

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Várnagy ◽  
P. Budai ◽  
E. Molnár ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weight Increase ◽  
Dose Levels

The reproductive toxicity of lead acetate and of a fungicide formulation (Dithane M-45) containing 80% mancozeb was studied on rats. Lead acetate was applied in the feed in the following dose groups: control, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 mg/kg of diet. The three treatment groups received, in addition to the above doses of lead acetate, 4,500 mg/kg Dithane M-45 in the diet. The method was based on the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 415 (1981). Clinical symptoms and mortality were not found in the parent generation. The body weight of female animals decreased significantly before the pregnancy period. This tendency was also seen in males after the combination treatment. At the two high dose levels a remarkable body weight increase was seen in the female animals during the lactation period. As a result of treatment, decreased body weight of offspring was measured during the lactation period. No gross pathological changes were seen. Histological examination showed general tubulonephrosis in the experimental animals. It can be established that the administration of Dithane M-45 did not enhance the reproductive toxicity of lead acetate.

scholarly journals Prophylactic effect of vitamin E against hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, haematological indices and histopathology induced by diazinon insecticide in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla S. El-Shenawy ◽  
Rasha A. Al-Eisa ◽  
Fawzia El-Salmy ◽  
Omema Salah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Haematological Indices

Abstract Considering that the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides, this study was designed to study the ameliorative effect of Vitamin E (100 mg/kg body weight) on mice (25 - 30 mg) treated with diazinon (32.5 or 16.25 mg/kg body weight) organophosphate insecticide for 14 days. Subchronic DZN exposure and the protective effects of vitamins E (vitE) were evaluated for their effects on haematological indices, the enzymes concerning liver damage [plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotaransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatise (AIP), and some parameters of kidney function (urea and creatinine) in mice. Additionally, the histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue were examined. The high dose of diazinon (DZNH) decreased the body weight significantly at the end of experiment. Additionally, the liver and kidney were examines for histopathological changes. The high dose of diazinon decreased body weight significantly. Moreover, there was a statistically significant decrease in haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) and hematocrit (Hct) in diazinon-treated mice compared to controls. This decrease was partially remedied in the diazinon-treated group that also received vitE. Damage in the liver and kidney tissues was also evident as elevated plasma ALT, AST, ALP, urea and creatinine. VitE partially counteracts the toxic effect of DZN and repairs tissue damage in the liver and kidney, especially when supplemented to 1/4 LD50 intoxicated animals. Histopathological changes in liver and kidney were observed only in 32.5 mg/kg DZN given group. These results suggest that the effects of DZN are dose dependent. No pathological findings were observed in vitE + DZN treated groups. According to the present study, we conclude that vitE can reduce the detrimental impacts of diazinon on haematological indicies, as well as liver and kidney function.

scholarly journals Fluctuations in plasma potassium in patients on dialysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii19-iii25
Author(s):  
Csaba P Kovesdy
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Potassium Balance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plasma potassium concentration is maintained in a narrow range to avoid deleterious electrophysiologic consequences of both abnormally low and high levels. This is achieved by redundant physiologic mechanisms, with the kidneys playing a central role in maintaining both short-term plasma potassium stability and long-term total body potassium balance. In patients with end-stage renal disease, the lack of kidney function reduces the body’s ability to maintain normal physiologic potassium balance. Routine thrice-weekly dialysis therapy achieves long-term total body potassium mass balance, but the intermittent nature of dialytic therapy can result in wide fluctuations in plasma potassium concentration and consequently contribute to an increased risk of arrhythmogenicity. Various dialytic and nondialytic interventions can reduce the magnitude of these fluctuations, but the impact of such interventions on clinical outcomes remains unclear.

Total Body Potassium and Body Fat Estimation in Relationship to Height, Sex, Age, Malnutrition and Obesity

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Edmonds ◽  
B. M. Jasani ◽  
T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Total Body

1. Total body potassium was estimated by 40K measurement with a high-sensitivity whole-body counter in normal individuals over a wide age range and in patients who were obese or were grossly wasted as a result of various conditions which restricted food intake. 2. Potassium concentration (mmol/kg body weight) fell with increasing age over 30 years in both normal males and females, but when individuals of different age groups were matched for height, a significant fall in total body potassium with increasing age was observed only in males. Total body potassium of females was about 75% that of males of similar height when young, the sex difference decreasing with ageing. In the normal population, total body potassium was significantly correlated with height and with weight; regression equations for various relationships are given. 3. Fat-free mass was estimated from total body potassium, values of 65 and 56 mmol of potassium/kg fat-free mass being used for males and females respectively. Body fat estimated by this method correlated well with skinfold measurements over a wide range of body weight but in malnourished individuals having inadequate food intake there was considerable discrepancy and present formulae for estimating fat-free mass from total body potassium appear unsatisfactory in malnutrition. Considerable differences between expected and observed values of total body potassium were found in muscular individuals and in normal individuals who were thin but whose body weight was relatively constant. 4. The patients with malnutrition were low both in body fat as estimated by skinfold thickness and in total body potassium estimated on the basis of height. Plasma potassium was, however, normal and potassium supplements did not increase the total body potassium. 5. Total body potassium of obese individuals was not significantly different from that of normal weight individuals on the basis of height. Total body potassium fell on weight reduction with a very low energy diet of 1260 kJ (300 kcal.) daily but changed little with a 3300 kJ (800 kcal.) diet over several months' observation. 6. For overweight, obese individuals, total body potassium was best predicted from the individual's height. For those whose body weight was less than expected, the use of weight gave the best prediction but the error was considerable when the weight deviation was large.

scholarly journals Advantage of Early Tangential Necrectomy in Extensive Pediatric Burns

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan Karavdić
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Values ◽  
Pediatric Burns ◽  
Total Body

Background: An extensive burn is one of the most serious injuries. The modern treatment of pediatric burns is a logical exercise in resuscitation, infection control, surgical wound care, nutrition and psychologic and physical rehabilitation. The conventional methods of local therapy, especially in extensive and deep burns, cannot prevent infection. The fact is that the necrotic burn tissue always gives rise to infection and must therefore be excised. Tangential excision is a diagnostic procedure as well as a surgical preparation of a recipient bed for skin graft.  Clinical parameters of sixty extensively burned children have been evaluated, divided into two groups (surgically and non-surgically treated) and in four subgroups (under and over the 25% TBSA). The following criteria have been used to compare the results: pain, fever, body weight, duration of the hospital stay, wound infenction, laboratory values. Aim of research: The aim of our research was to demonstrate the efficacy of early tangential necrectomy in the treatment of extensive burns in children as well as in preventing the burn diseases. Material and methods: Clinical parameters of sixty extensively burned children have been evaluated, divided into two groups (surgically and non-surgically treated) and in four subgroups (under and over the 25% TBSA). The following criteria have been used to compare the results: pain, fever, body weight, duration of the hospital stay, wound infection, laboratory values. Results: The boys comprised 58.3% of the respondents and the girls were 41,7% of the respondents. The most common cause was the hot liquid of 73.3%, open flame 23.3% and the contact with hot metal 3.3%. The body temperature was significantly higher in control group compared to the examined group (p <0.001) significantly lower hematocrit values in the control group compared to the examined group (p = 0.002).      The results show that hospitalization lasted considerably longer in patients in the control group than in the examined group (p = 0.003). The incidence of bacterial infection of the burns is significantly higher in control compared to the examined group of patients (p = 0.007). The most commonly isolated bacteria in the study group was Staphylococcus aureus (15/30 or 50% of all subjects). Acinetobacter spp. was isolated in 9 patients (30% of respondents). Serratia spp. And Enterococcus Foecalis were isolated in 6 patients (20%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 3 patients (10%). Three patients (10%) did not isolate any bacteria during hospitalization Conclusions: The method of early tangential necrectomy of extensively burned children significantly reduce morbidity and mortality (it improves the general condition of the patient, improves clinical and laboratory parameters, reduces the possibility of infection of the wound, reduces the possibility of sepsis, reduces the length of hospitalization).The most optimal time to perform an early tangential necrectomy is the period between the 4th and the 6th day after the injury. In extensively burned children over 30% of the total body surface, an early tangential necrectomy should be performed on an area of about 20% of the total body surface as a prevention of blood loss due to necrectomy and autotransplantation. With extensively burned children over 40% of the total body surface, taking homotransplants from parents or close relatives reduces morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Gender differences in the relationship between dietary energy and macronutrients intake and body weight outcomes in Chinese adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Jian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background To explore the the gender differences in the relationship between dietary energy and macronutrients intake and body weight outcomes in Chinese adults. Methods Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS, 2015) for10,898 participants aged 18-64 years. Three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls was used to assess the dietary intake. Quantile regression models for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were performed separately for each sex. Results Adult males showed greater absolute intakes of energy and macronutrients as compared to females as per the body weight outcomes. A 10% increase in BMI resulted in an additional intake of 0.002-0.004 kcal/d of dietary energy, 0.032-0.057 g/d of fats, 0.039-0.084 g/d of proteins, and 0.018-0.028 g/d of carbohydrates across all quantiles in males (p < 0.05). A 10% increase in WC resulted in an additional intake of 0.004-0.008 kcal/d of dietary energy, 0.051-0.052 g/d of carbohydrates across the entire quantile in males (p < 0.05), and an increased intake of 0.060-0.150 kcal/d of fat in females (p < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary Fat intake could be the risk factor of abdominal obesity in women. The importance of gender- specific evidence should be considered before promoting macronutrient allocation for the prevention and treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Abscopal Effect Following Radiation Therapy in Cancer Patients: A New Look from the Immunological Point of View

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Welsh ◽  
J J Bevelacqua ◽  
L Dobrzyński ◽  
S A R Mortazavi ◽  
Sh Farjadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Abscopal Effect ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Total Body

Abscopal effect, a radiobiology term meaning “away from target”, was practically unheard of just ten years ago. This effect describes the elimination and cure of a non-treated tumor when another part of the body is irradiated. Successful treatment of cancer in patients with multiple metastatic foci has sporadically been reported. Abscopal effect after radiotherapy has been introduced as the key factor which induced an anticancer response in these metastatic lesions. Moreover, not receiving chemotherapy is reported to have a role in cancer regression after radiotherapy. Given this consideration, it can be hypothesized that standard radiotherapy doses, which usually classified as high-dose, may cause cancer cells to expose or release their sequestered antigens that had been previously masked. Furthermore, radiotherapy can decrease the suppressive effect of regulatory T cells which usually down modulate immune responses against cancers. Moreover, some data show that low dose total-body irradiation (TBI) alone (without standard localized high dose radiotherapy) may cause suppression of distant metastasis of tumor cells. Induction of a “whole body abscopal effect” can be involved in suppression of distant metastasis. Here we discuss whether cancer treatments could be more successful if immune system is boosted, not destroyed by the treatments such as chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Gambaran kadar kalium serum pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non dialisis di Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Sandala ◽  
Arthur E. Mongan ◽  
Maya F. Memah
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Total Body

Abstract: Potassium is the main intracellular ion in the body and plays a key role in maintaining cell function. Total body potassium distributed 98% in intracellular and 2% in extracellular fluid. A slight change in the distribution of these can cause hypokalemia or hyperkalemia. A healthy kidney has great capacity to maintain potassium homeostasis in the cace of excess potassium. The kidney is primarily responsible for maintaining total body potassium content by matching potassium intake with potassium excretion. This study aimed to obtain the profile of potassium serum in non dialysis CKD stage 5 patients in Manado. This was an obsevartional descriptive study. There were 35 blood samples obtained from patients in Nephrology-Hypertension Polyclinic and IRINA of Prof. Dr. R.D Kandou Hospital and Teling Adventist Hospital. There were 11 samples (31,4%) with hypokalemia consisted of 6 home-care patients (35.3%) and 5 hospital-care patients (27.8%), 15 samples (42.9%) were in normal range consisted of 8 home-care patients (47.1%) and 7 hospital-care patients (38.9%), and 9 samples (25.7%) with hyperkalemia consisted of 3 home-care patients (17.6%) and 6 hospital-care patients (33,3%) from total non-dialysis CKD stage 5 samples resulted from laboratory examination. Conclusion: In non dialysis CKD stage 5 patients in Manado, normokalemia was the most common found than hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Keywords: potassium, chronic kidney disease stage 5, non dialysis. Abstrak: Kalium adalah ion intraseluler utama dalam tubuh dan berperan penting dalam menjaga fungsi sel. Kalium tubuh total terdistribusi 98% intrasel dan 2% ekstrasel. Sedikit saja terjadi perubahan dalam distribusi ini dapat menyebabkan hipokalemia atau hiperkalemia. Ginjal yang sehat memiliki kapasitas yang besar untuk mempertahankan homeostasis kalium dalam menghadapi kalium yang berlebih. Ginjal bertanggung jawab dalam menjaga kadar kalium tubuh total dengan mencocokkan asupan kalium dan ekskresi kalium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar kalium serum pada pasien PGK non dialisis stadium 5 di Manado. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif obsevasional. Sampel darah diambil dari pasien di Poliklinik Nefrologi-Hipertensi dan IRINA Bagian Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Manado dan RS Advent Teling sebanyak 35 sampel. Hasil: penelitian mendapatkan 11 orang yang mengalami hipokalemia (31,4%) diantaranya 6 orang pasien rawat jalan (35,3%) dan 5 orang pasien rawat inap (27,8%); 15 orang dalam batas nilai normal (42,9%) diantaranya 8 orang pasien rawat jalan (47,1%) dan 7 orang pasien rawat inap (38,9%); serta 9 orang mengalami hiperkalemia (25,7%) diantaranya 3 orang pasien rawat jalan (17,6%) dan 6 orang pasien rawat inap (33,3%) dari jumlah total pasien terdiagnosis dokter PGK stadium 5 non dialisis yang didapatkan dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium. Simpulan: Pada pasien PGK non-dialisis stadium 5 di Manado, normokalemia yang paling sering ditemukan dibandingkan hiper dan hipokalemia.Kata kunci: kalium serum, penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5, non dialisis

scholarly journals PENGUKURAN PANJANG TUBUH CACING NIPAH PENDEK Namalycastis abiuma (POLYCHAETA: NEREDIDAE) DARI PERAIRAN MANGROVE SUNGAI KAPUAS KALIMANTAN BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Junardi Junardi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakCacing Nipah Pendek Namalycastis abiuma memiliki tubuh yang elastis dan mudah putus sehingga diperlukan pendekatan morfometri tubuh lain untuk menentukan panjang tubuh sesungguhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan panjang tubuh total cacing nipah pendek dengan menggunakan bobot tubuh, jumlah total segmen berseta, panjang tiga segmen anterior pertama (L3) dan lebar segmen berseta atau setiger ke-10 (S-10). Spesimen yang digunakan dipilih hanya individu yang lengkap dan utuh. Pengukuran dilakukan dibawah mikroskop dengan lensa okular yang dilengkapi dengan mikrometer. Data dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi. Cacing yang digunakan sebanyak 258 individu yang terdiri atas 190 immature, 54 submature dan 14 mature dengan ukuran panjang tubuh rata-rata berturut-turut 108,62±34,80 mm, 172,27±42,78 mm dan 123,14±57,40 mm. Cacing betina ditemukan memiliki ukuran tubuh lebih besar dari jantan. Panjang tubuh N. abiuma dapat diduga dengan bobot tubuh, panjang L3 dan lebar S-10 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) berturut-turut 0,82, 0,73 dan 0,78. Pendekatan morfometri dapat digunakan untuk menentukan ukuran tubuh N. abiuma.Abstract The short nypa palm worm Namalycastis abiuma has an elastic and fragile body. Therefore, an alternative approach of morphometrical techniques is needed to determine the total body length. This research aimed to estimate the total body length of the short nypa palm worm based on body weight, the total number of segments, the length of the first three anterior segment (L3) and the tenth setiger width (S10). Body measurement was done using stereomicroscope fitted with the micrometer. Correlation analysis was done to describe the relationship between the length of L3 and the width of S10. A total of 258 complete and whole specimens consisted of 190 immature, 54 submature, and 14 mature individuals. The average body length of immature individuals was 108.62±34.80 mm, 172.27±42.78 mm for sub mature individuals, and 123.14±57.40 mm for mature individuals. Based on sexual dimorphism, the female body size is larger than male. The body length of N. abiuma can be estimated by body weight, the length of L3, and the  width of S10, with  correlation coefficient (r) of 0.82, 0.73 and 0.78, respectively. Morphometry approach can be used to determine the body size of N. abiuma. 

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