Deficit of Trabecular and Cortical Bone in Elderly Women with Fracture of the Femoral Neck

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Elsasser ◽  
R. Hesp ◽  
L. Klenerman ◽  
R. Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanner

1. The mean attenuation coefficients of trabecular and cortical bone in the radius were measured in 32 female patients with fractured proximal femur, and in 28 age-matched female controls, with a special-purpose computed tomography-scanner. 2. The largest difference between the two groups was in the mean attenuation coefficients for trabecular bone in the distal radius. The mean value for fracture patients (0.53 cm−1) was significantly lower (P < 0.02) than the mean value for the controls (0.62 cm−1). These results are consistent with the view that a loss of trabecular bone predisposes to fractures of the proximal femur.

scholarly journals Age Distribution of Bone Mineral Density According to Quantitative Computed Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-277
Author(s):  
A. V. Petraikin ◽  
F. A. Petriaikin ◽  
К. A. Sergunova ◽  
L. A. Nizovtsova ◽  
E. S. Akhmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Mean

Objective. To compare bone mineral density (BMD) values derived during one-year asynchronous quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in two urban polyclinics (UPs).Material and methods. The investigation enrolled women aged 40 to 85 years: 694 and 724 patients in UP А and UP B, respectively, who underwent QCT scanning of the proximal femur and spine. The BMD values were compared with the reference data embedded in the QCP software, by using the methods of regression analysis. Quantitative indicators were calculated using the Z-test. To standardize the indicators of QCT in UP A and UP B, cross-calibration was performed using a phantom.Results. Comparison of the obtained mean BMD values with the reference one for three regions of central densitometry established a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in the mean BMD values relative to the normative ones within the analyzed age range. The spine Z scores were  – 0.37 SD in UP А and  – 0.84 SD in UP B; the mean proximal femur Z scores were  – 0.70 SD and  – 1.22 SD in UP А and UP B, respectively; the mean femoral neck Z scores were  – 0.54 SD and  – 1.06 SD, respectively. The values of femoral neck and proximal femur BMD displayed pronounced correlations (r=0.83 in UP А and r=0.79 in UP B). Comparison of regression line coefficients in the proximal femur and spine regions revealed that the offset of a straight line was significantly lower in UP B than in UP А (p<0.05). There were no differences in the slope coefficients for these regions. The results of comparing the regression lines for the femoral neck were statistically insignificant for both the slope coefficient (p=0.576) and for the offset (p=0.056).Conclusion. Comparison of the authors' own results of the BMD study with the reference data has shown a statistically significant decrease in the obtained BMD values in two UPs. This may be associated with the different strategy of referral for QCT, as well as with some assumptions of this study.

Trends in Trabecular and Cortical Bone in the Radius Compared with Whole Body Calcium Balance in Osteoporosis

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hesp ◽  
A. C. Deacon ◽  
Patricia Hulme ◽  
J. Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Total Absorption ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Change Trend

1. Mean linear attenuation coefficients for trabecular bone (T) in the distal radius and total absorption coefficients (TA) in the radial mid-shafts of 22 patients with crush fracture osteoporosis were measured serially for a year by using computed tomography. After approximately 6 months, each patient was admitted to a metabolic ward for an 18-day calcium balance study. 2. The rate of change (trend) in trabecular bone (T) in the distal radius was a better predictor of calcium balance than the trend in mid-shaft cortical bone (TA). 3. The scatter in the regressions of the trends of T and TA on calcium balance could be accounted for by known methodological uncertainties.

scholarly journals Longitudinal variation in mechanical competence of bone along the avian humerus.

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
R H Bonser
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Longitudinal Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Compressive Tests

Vickers microhardness tests were used to gauge the mechanical "competence" (ability to resist bending and failure) of cortical and trabecular bone along the humeri of three bird species. Hardness was greatest at the mid-length portion of the shaft. The mean hardness of trabeculae, where present, was between 78.7 and 90.9% of that of the adjacent cortical bone. The possible causes of this are briefly discussed. Microhardness tests offer the opportunity to gauge differences in mechanical properties over small distances and might usefully be applied to test the homogeneity of mechanical properties within specimens for tensile or compressive tests.

scholarly journals Cortical Bone Assessed With Clinical Computed Tomography at the Proximal Femur

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fjola Johannesdottir ◽  
Tom Turmezei ◽  
Kenneth ES Poole
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Proximal Femur

Cortical and trabecular bone in the femoral neck both contribute to proximal femur failure load prediction

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Manske ◽  
T. Liu-Ambrose ◽  
D. M. L. Cooper ◽  
S. Kontulainen ◽  
P. Guy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Load Prediction

scholarly journals Articular Eminence Inclination, Height, and Condyle Morphology on Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilhan İlgüy ◽  
Mehmet İlgüy ◽  
Erdoğan Fişekçioğlu ◽  
Semanur Dölekoğlu ◽  
Nilüfer Ersan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Articular Eminence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between articular eminence inclination, height, and thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa (RGF) according to age and gender and to assess condyle morphology including incidental findings of osseous characteristics associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods. CBCT images of 105 patients were evaluated retrospectively. For articular eminence inclination and height, axial views on which the condylar processes were seen with their widest mediolateral extent being used as a reference view for secondary reconstruction. Condyle morphology was categorized both in the sagittal and coronal plane.Results. The mean values of eminence inclination and height of males were higher than those of females (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the RGF thickness in relation to sagittal condyle morphology. Among the group of OA, the mean value of the RGF thickness for “OA-osteophyte” group was the highest (1.59 mm), whereas the lowest RGF values were seen in the “OA-flattening.”Conclusion. The sagittal osteoarthritic changes may have an effect on RGF thickness by mechanical stimulation and changed stress distribution. Gender has a significant effect on eminence height (Eh) and inclination.

scholarly journals Soft tissue changes after anterior maxillary osteotomy by using 3D CBCT scanning.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1245-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed AL-Omar ◽  
Usama AL-Dakroroy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Maxillary Osteotomy ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soft Tissue Changes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the soft tissue changes after anterior maxillary osteotomy using cone beam computed tomography. The study included twelve patients diagnosed as suffering from an excess of the anterior part of maxilla and required surgical correction by anterior maxillary osteotomy. Assessment of Cone beam computed tomography in evaluation the soft tissue changes. All cases subjected to anterior maxillary osteotomy using modified Cuper technique. Follow up of cases was does clinically and radio- graphically by cone beam computed tomography. The results of the study proved that the statistically significant increase in mean Nasolabial angle after 6 months was 5.2 degrees, the mean value of nasal width after 6 months was 0,9mm. The mean value of Philtrum length was 3.3mm. In conclusion, Cone Beam Computed Tomography can be used to obtain dimensionally accurate linear and angular measurement from bony maxillofacial structure and landmarks and allows accurate, three-dimensional imaging of hard and soft tissues.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Value of SPECT/CT in Predicting the Occurrence of Osteonecrosis following Femoral Neck Fracture : a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Youn Yoon ◽  
Soong Joon Lee ◽  
Kang Sup Yoon ◽  
Pil Whan Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Femoral Neck Fracture ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Uptake Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Backgrounds One of the most significant complications after a femoral neck fracture is osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The concomitant use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with computed tomography (CT) increases the sensitivity for detecting the anatomic location and severity of ONFH. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of SPECT/CT for the occurrence of ONFH by quantifying the perfusion status of the femoral head. Methods A total of 30 patients who had multiple pinnings for femur neck fractures were included in this study. We classified the perfusion status into three groups: normal perfusion, decreased perfusion, and avascular groups, and compared the occurrence of femoral head necrosis between them. For quantitative analysis, we evaluated the uptake ratio of both femur heads (head-to-head uptake ratio). If the patient’s contralateral hip was incomparable, we measured the uptake ratio from the superior dome of the ipsilateral acetabulum (head-to-acetabulum uptake ratio). Results Twenty-four patients out of 30 achieved bone union, whereas the others developed ONFH. When the population was divided into intact and defective perfusion groups on scintigraphy, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the test were 83.3%, 75.0%, and 76.7%, respectively. The mean head-to-head uptake ratio value with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.10 (95% CI: 0.85 – 1.36). In the osteonecrosis group, the mean value of the head-to-head uptake ratio was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.28 – 0.38). In contrast, the ratio was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.03 – 1.57) in the non-osteonecrosis group, demonstrating a significant difference in the uptake ratio ( P < 0.001). When the cutoff value of the uptake ratio was set to 0.5, both the sensitivity and specificity were 100%. There was also a significant difference in the head-to-acetabulum uptake ratio between the two groups ( P < 0.001). Conclusions SPECT/CT was useful in evaluating the perfusion status of the femoral head, showing high accuracy in predicting the occurrence of avascular necrosis. To demonstrate the reliability and validity of SPECT/CT, further prospective studies on a larger scale are warranted.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Value of SPECT/CT in Predicting the Occurrence of Osteonecrosis Following Femoral Neck Fracture: a Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Youn Yoon ◽  
Soong Joon Lee ◽  
Kang Sup Yoon ◽  
Pil Whan Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Femoral Neck Fracture ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Uptake Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BackgroundsOne of the most significant complications after a femoral neck fracture is osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The concomitant use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with computed tomography (CT) increases the sensitivity for detecting the anatomic location and severity of ONFH. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of SPECT/CT for the occurrence of ONFH by quantifying the perfusion status of the femoral head.MethodsA total of 30 patients who had multiple pinnings for femur neck fractures were included in this study. We classified the perfusion status into three groups: normal perfusion, decreased perfusion, and avascular groups, and compared the occurrence of femoral head necrosis between them. For quantitative analysis, we evaluated the uptake ratio of both femur heads (head-to-head uptake ratio). If the patient’s contralateral hip was incomparable, we measured the uptake ratio from the superior dome of the ipsilateral acetabulum (head-to-acetabulum uptake ratio).ResultsTwenty-four patients out of 30 achieved bone union, whereas the others developed ONFH. When the population was divided into intact and defective perfusion groups on scintigraphy, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the test were 83.3%, 75.0%, and 76.7%, respectively. The mean head-to-head uptake ratio value with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.10 (95% CI: 0.85–1.36). In the osteonecrosis group, the mean value of the head-to-head uptake ratio was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.28–0.38). In contrast, the ratio was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.03–1.57) in the non-osteonecrosis group, demonstrating a significant difference in the uptake ratio (P < 0.001). When the cutoff value of the uptake ratio was set to 0.5, both the sensitivity and specificity were 100%. There was also a significant difference in the head-to-acetabulum uptake ratio between the two groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSPECT/CT was useful in evaluating the perfusion status of the femoral head, showing high accuracy in predicting the occurrence of avascular necrosis. To demonstrate the reliability and validity of SPECT/CT, further prospective studies on a larger scale are warranted.

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