Enzyme Induction and Serum and Lipoprotein Lipids: A Study of Glutethimide in Normal Subjects

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Bolton ◽  
LYN Jackson ◽  
C. J. C. Roberts ◽  
M. Hartog
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Induction ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Glucaric Acid

1. Serum and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were measured before, during and after the administration of glutethimide (500 mg daily) for 21 days to six healthy volunteer subjects. 2. Evidence of enzyme induction was provided by significant rises in d-glucaric acid excretion and antipyrine clearance. 3. Concentrations of total serum cholesterol, very-low-density-lipoprotein-, low-density-lipoprotein-and high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol rose significantly during treatment. 4. The time course of these changes was delayed in comparison with the rise and fall in d-glucaric acid excretion. 5. There was no change in the triglyceride content of either whole serum or lipoprotein fractions at any time during the trial. 6. The study provides further evidence that enzyme-inducing agents cause a rise in certain lipid concentrations.

Effect of serum lipoprotein(a) on estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald formula

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Li ◽  
D E Wilcken ◽  
N P Dudman
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Friedewald Formula

Abstract The calculation of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by the Friedewald formula does not account for the cholesterol associated with lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. To quantify the contribution of Lp(a) cholesterol to total serum cholesterol, we measured concentrations of serum Lp(a) by an ELISA and concentrations of other serum lipids and lipoproteins by standard assays in 23 normolipemic women, ages 50-60 years. In measuring serum high-density lipoprotein we found that polyethylene glycol 6000 precipitated > 99.8% of all Lp(a). When serum Lp(a) concentrations were < or = 300 mg/L, 301-600 mg/L, and > 600 mg/L, the uncorrected serum LDL-C was overestimated, respectively, by a mean of 4.1% (n = 7), 8.5% (n = 8), and 21.4% (n = 8). Serum Lp(a) concentrations were positively correlated with percentage overestimation (P < 0.001), but were not correlated with either corrected or uncorrected serum LDL-C. We conclude that the Friedewald formula should be modified to take into account the contribution of Lp(a) cholesterol to total serum cholesterol.

Niacin Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Richard B. Colletti ◽  
Nancy K. Roff ◽  
Ellis J. Neufeld ◽  
Annette L. Baker ◽  
Jane W. Newburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Aminotransferase ◽  
Hospital Referral

Objective. To determine the efficacy and adverse effects of niacin treatment of hypercholesterolemia in children. Design. Retrospective review. Setting. Two university hospital referral clinics. Patients. All children who received single-drug niacin treatment for severe hypercholesterolemia between 1980 and 1991. Results. Twenty-one children, aged 4 to 14 years, were treated with niacin, 500 to 2250 mg daily. Pretreatment total serum cholesterol value (mean ± SD) was 7.84 ± 1.14 mmol/L (303 ± 44 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol value was 6.28 ± 1.16 mmol/L (243 ± 45 mg/dL). Niacin treatment in daily doses >1000 mg reduced total cholesterol by 23% and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 30% (P < .001) but had no effect on highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. As in adults, reversible adverse effects were common, occurring in 16 (76%) of the 21 children. Six children (29%) had reversible dose-related elevations of serum aminotransferase levels. Niacin therapy was discontinued in 8 children (38%) because of flushing, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, or elevated serum aminotransferase levels. Conclusions. This study suggests that although niacin treatment in children is efficacious, adverse effects are common. Until further study demonstrates long-term safety, niacin treatment should be reserved for the closely-supervised treatment of severe hypercholesterolemia by a lipid specialist.

Tracking of Serum Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Levels From the First Year of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-954
Author(s):  
Markku J. T. Kallio ◽  
Leena Salmenperä ◽  
Martti A. Siimes ◽  
Jaakko Perheentupa ◽  
Tatu A. Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
First Year ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
First Year Of Life

Objective. To examine the development of tracking of serum cholesterol concentration from birth to childhood. Design. In a longitudinal study of healthy children, concentrations of total serum cholesterol and triglyceride were determined at birth (n = 193); at 2 (n = 192), 4 (n = 192), 6 (n = 190), 7.5 (n = 118), 9 (n = 188), and 12 months (n = 196); and at 5 years of age (n = 162). Concentrations of cholesterol—very-low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein-2 (HDL2), and HDL3—were determined at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months (n = 36) and at 5 years (n = 162). Results. The correlation coefficients of total cholesterol levels during the first year of life with the level at 5 years of age were as follows: at birth .04, at 2 months .36 (P < .001), at 4 months .26 (P < .001), at 6 months .28 (P < .001), at 7.5 months .25 (P < .001), at 9 months .35 (P < .001), and at 12 months .48 (P < .001). The correlation for exclusively breast-fed children between 6 months and 5 years of age was r = .37, P < .001, while that for children receiving partially breast milk, formula, or solid foods was r = .12, P = not significant (NS), and between 9 months and 5 years r = .38, P < .01, and r = .28, P < .05, respectively. The correlation coefficients of the lipoprotein levels between ages 12 months and 5 years were as follows: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol .58 (P < .001), total HDL cholesterol .30 (P < .05), HDL2 cholesterol .34 (P < .05), HDL3 cholesterol .17 (P = NS), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol .24 (P = NS), total triglyceride .37 (P < .05), and triglyceride-very-low-density lipoprotein .37 (P < .05). Of the children whose total serum cholesterol level was above the 90th percentile at birth, or at 2, 4, 6, 7.5, 9, or 12 months, 6%, 35%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 33%, and 45%, respectively, were above the 90th percentile at 5 years of age. In retrospect, 45% of the children whose serum cholesterol level was above the 90th percentile at 5 years were above the 90th percentile at the age of 12 months and 80% were in the highest quartile. Conclusions. The results indicate that tracking of serum cholesterol concentration during the first year of life is stronger when examining children who are receiving a relatively homogenous diet, such as exclusive breast-feeding, and weaker as children are weaned to formula and solid foods. After the weaning process is completed, children's relative serum cholesterol levels have become established and the tracking of serum cholesterol is of the same magnitude as for older children and adolescents.

The influence of repeated administration of poloxamer 407 on serum lipoproteins and protease activity in mouse liver and heart

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1456-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Korolenko ◽  
Fedor V. Tuzikov ◽  
Thomas P. Johnston ◽  
Natalia A. Tuzikova ◽  
Yana A. Kisarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Drastic Increase

The effects of repeated administration of poloxamer 407 (P-407) on lipoprotein-cholesterol (LP-C) and lipoprotein-triglyceride (LP-TG) fractions and subfractions, as well as the effect on liver and heart proteases, were studied. Repeated administration of P-407 to male CBA mice resulted in a model of atherosclerosis with increased diastolic blood pressure; there was a drastic increase in total serum cholesterol and especially TG. A novel small-angle X-ray scattering method for the determination of the fractional and subfractional composition of LP-C and LP-TG was used. In chronically P-407-treated mice, P-407 significantly increased atherogenic low-density lipoprotein C (LDL-C) fractions, as well as intermediate-density lipoprotein C (IDL-C), and LDL1–3-C subfractions, and very-low-density lipoprotein-C (VLDL-C) fractions, as well as VLDL1–2-C and VLDL3–5-C subfractions), to a lesser extent, the total anti-atherogenic high-density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) fraction, as well as HDL2-C and HDL3-C subfractions. Additionally, we demonstrated an increase in the serum chitotriosidase activity, without significant changes in serum matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity. Morphological changes observed in P-407-treated mice included atherosclerosis in the heart and storage syndrome in the liver macrophages. P-407 significantly increased the activity of cysteine, aspartate proteases, and MMPs in the heart, and only the activity of cathepsin B and MMPs in the liver of mice. Thus, repeated administration of P-407 to mice induced atherosclerosis secondary to sustained dyslipidemia and formation of foamy macrophages in liver, and also modulated the activity of heart and liver proteases.

scholarly journals Blood lipid associations in 18 year-old men

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Poletto ◽  
Stella Pezzotto ◽  
Julio Morini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

The association of cigarette smoking, physical activity at work, and social class with total cholesterol and with high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were examined in a random sample of 238 males, of 18 years of age, of Rosario, Argerntina. The mean (mg/dl) total serum cholesterol of the whole sample was 174.7, the high density lipoprotein cholesterol 52.8, and the low density lipoprotein cholesterol 121.5. Black tobacco consumers, evenly distributed by social class, had higher levels of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Total cholesterol was higher in the high social class, differently from what smokers' distribution by social class, would lead one to expect. While a highly negative association was found between social class and physical activity at work, there were no significant diferences in lipoprotein levels between manual and non-manual workers. It is possible that the nutritional differences by social class still prevail over the smoking habit in their influence on the lipoprotein levels in these subjects.

scholarly journals Effect of Magnetic Water on Some Physiological Aspects of Adult Male Rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Khalisa Kadim Khudiar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Magnetic Water

The present study was undertaken to search out thebeneficial effect of magnetized water on serumantioxidant, lipid profile and total protein of adult male rabbits. Twenty adult male rabbits were randomly divided into two equal groups and were treated daily for 60 days as follows:Group C:Rabbits of this group were allowed to ad libitumsupplyofdrinking water (control group),Group MG:Rabbits of this group were allowed to ad libitum supply of magnetic water.Fasting blood (for 8-12 hrs) samples were drawn by cardiac puncture technique at different times 0, 30 and 60 days of experiment for measuring the following parameters. Serum glutathione concentration (GSH), lipid profile including serum triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol - (TC), high density lipoprotein - cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol - (VLDL-C), total serum protein concentrations (TSP). The result revealed that drinking of magnetic water had beneficial effect on some physiological aspects manifested by a significant elevation in serum GSH, HDL-C and total serum proteins concentration. In addition to significant suppression in serums TC, TAG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C concentrations .In conclusion the results of this study pointed to the prevalence of magnetic water upon normal drinking water in all measures issued.

scholarly journals Effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on women's lipid profile: a meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarice Cardozo da Costa Prediger ◽  
Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto ◽  
Luís Carlos Nácul ◽  
Denize Rigetto Ziegler ◽  
Marcos Pascoal Pattussi
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

This study evaluated the effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on the lipid profile of women. A meta-analysis including 13 eligible randomized controlled trials was carried out. The literature was systematically searched for randomized controlled trials on the effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on the serum lipids of adult women. The main searched databases were PubMed, Cochrane Library, MedLine, Lilacs and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials were included if they met the following criteria: published from 1966 to 2005, the study population consisted of women only, had either a crossover or a parallel design and the amounts of soy protein and isoflavones consumed were provided. Weighted mean effect sizes were calculated for net changes in serum lipid concentrations using fixed-effects and random-effects models. Prespecified subgroup analyses were performed to explore the influence of covariates on net lipid change. Soy protein with isoflavones was associated with a significant decrease in total serum cholesterol (by 5.34mg/dL, or 2.4%, p=0.03). No significant associations were detected for low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triacylglycerols and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Amounts of soy protein greater than 40g decreased total cholesterol by 6.56mg/dL (95% CI: -12.35 to -0.39, p=0.04). Soy protein supplementation had small statistically significant effects on the total serum cholesterol of women, but they were clinically insignificant. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant effects on serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol or triglycerides.

Activity of low-density lipoprotein receptors as estimated from concentrations of apolipoprotein B and C-II in serum.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2224-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ito ◽  
C Naito ◽  
H Hayashi ◽  
M Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Apo E

Abstract The correlation between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity and concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins in serum was examined in 12 subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and in four with non-FH type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and of apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, C-II, and C-III were significantly positively correlated with LDL receptor activity, whereas LDL receptor activity was significantly inversely correlated with LDL cholesterol and apo B concentrations, and with apo ratios B/A-I and B/A-II. Neither total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, apo A-I, nor apo E concentrations correlated significantly with LDL receptor activity. Multiple regression analysis, with LDL receptor activity as the dependent variable, revealed concentrations of apo B and apo C-II to be the principal determinant factors. To confirm this, we subsequently calculated the LDL receptor activities before and after administration of CS-514, an inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.88), which increases the hepatic LDL receptor activity and decreases the concentration of cholesterol in serum. This drug increased calculated LDL receptor activities significantly, with a significant decrease in serum cholesterol.

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