Basal Activity of the Natriuretic Factor Extracted from the Rat Kidney as a Function of the Diet and its Role in the Regulation of the Acute Sodium Balance

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Louis ◽  
H. Favre
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Extracellular Volume Expansion

1. The effect of the sodium content of the diet on the natriuretic activity of an extract from the kidneys was studied in non-expanded and volume-expanded rats. 2. The kidney tissue was homogenized and the supernatant fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. A single low-molecular-weight fraction eluted after the salt possessed the natriuretic activity and was tested on a rat bioassay. 3. The natriuretic activity of the fraction obtained from the kidneys of non-expanded rats was related to the sodium intake. 4. After an acute extracellular volume expansion, the natriuretic activity obtained from the fraction extracted from the kidneys was much greater than before expansion and was related to the dietary intake of sodium.

In Vivo Studies on the Inhibition of Coagulation by Fractionated Heparin and by a Heparin Analogue I. Effects of Heparin Fractions

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Schmitz-Huebner ◽  
L Balleisen ◽  
F Asbeck ◽  
J van de Loo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Heparin Fractions

SummaryHigh and low molecular weight heparin fractions obtained by gel filtration chromatography of sodium mucosal heparin were injected subcutaneously into six healthy volunteers and compared with the unfractionated substance in a cross-over trial. Equal doses of 5,000 U were administered twice daily over a period of three days and heparin activity was repeatedly controlled before and 2, 4, 8 hrs after injection by means of the APTT, the anti-Xa clotting test and a chromogenic substrate assay. In addition, the in vivo effect of subcutaneously administered fractionated heparin on platelet function was examined on three of the volunteers. The results show that s.c. injections of the low molecular weight fraction induced markedly higher anti-Xa activity than injections of the other preparations. At the same time, APTT results did not significantly differ. Unfractionated heparin and the high molecular weight fraction enhanced ADP-induced platelet aggregation and collagen-mediated MDA production, while the low molecular weight fraction hardly affected these assays, but potently inhibited thrombin-induced MDA production. All heparin preparations stimulated the release of platelet Factor 4 in plasma. During the three-day treatment periods, no side-effects and no significant changes in the response to heparin injections were detected.

Absorption of trace metals in the zinc-deficient rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Hahn ◽  
GW Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Body Absorption ◽  
Insight Into

The effects of zinc deficiency on the whole-body absorption and intestinal content of Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr were determined in the rat 1 h after oral administration of the isotopes. Both the absorption and intestinal content of Zn and Cr were increased in zinc-deficient rats, and the intestinal content of Feand Co was also increased in the zinc-deficient animals. Zinc administered orally with Cr decreased both absorption and intestinal content of the isotope in zinc-deficient rats. Chromium administered orally with Zn decreased intestinal content and absorption of Zn in zinc-deficient rats. Fractionation of mucosal supernatants by gel filtration showed that both zinc and chromium eluted in the same low molecular weight fraction. The elution patterns of zinc and cadmium from that of zinc-supplemented animals. These experiments provide some insight into the specificity of the zinc absorption pathway and present some explanations for the interaction or lack of interaction among trace elements.

scholarly journals A study of the copper-binding proteins in liver and kidney tissue of neonatal normal and mottled mutant mice

1979 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Port ◽  
D M Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Copper Binding ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Cysteine Content

The Cu2+-binding proteins from liver and kidney tissue of 7–8-day-old brindled (Mobr) mice and their normal littermates were compared. (1) Separation over Bio-Gel P-10 showed that the differences in the Cu2+ content of mutant tissues were largely associated with a low-molecular-weight protein fraction (mol.wt. 14 500). (2) Further purification of this low-molecular-weight fraction by anion-exchange chromatography revealed four subfractions. The Cu2+ content of each subfraction reflected the Cu2+ status of the tissue of origin; the Cu2+ contents of the mutant kidney subfractions were elevated and those of the mutant liver were depressed compared with normal. In contrast, the protein contents of the subfractions were less variable and did not reflect the differing Cu2+ contents. (3) Amino acid analysis of the four subfractions from CuCl2-treated mutant and normal animals revealed clos similarities. The proteins showed high glycine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine and lysine contents and a rather variable cysteine content. Differences were apparent in the normal liver subfractions, which showed a higher cysteine content and lower glutamic acid content than did either the mutant liver or normal and mutant kidney subfractions. These observations, together with the recorded presence of aromatic amino acids, indicated that these proteins are not thioneins.

scholarly journals Loss of a homologous group of proteins in a dominantly inherited ectodermal malformation

1976 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Tenenhouse ◽  
R J M Gold
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Standard Techniques

Hair from mice bearing the dominantly inherited Naked trait (NN) and from normal (NN) mice of the same inbred strain was separated into its major protein components by standard techniques. The relative amounts of proteins in these components were then determined by a regression method from the amino acid composition of the hair samples and of the fractions into which they had been separated. The results indicated that the amount of soluble fibril in Naked-mouse hair is decreased. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of this fraction prepared from the hair of both normal and Naked mice revealed that all protein bands present in the normal are also present in the Naked mice. However, a densitometric scan of the gels at 280 nm showed that the soluble fibril fraction from Naked-mouse hair is deficient in several proteins which, on amino acid analysis, were found to contain 31% glycine and 10% tyrosine. Gel filtration of S-carboxymethylkerateine prepared from normal and mutant hair showed that the mutant hair is deficient in a heterogeneous, low-molecular-weight fraction also rich in glycine and tyrosine. Our present data do not reveal the mechanism whereby a single gene locus modulates the production of several different proteins.

scholarly journals The Heterogeneity of the High Molecular Weight B12 Binder in Serum

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Transcobalamin I ◽  
Transcobalamin Ii

Abstract The binding of vitamin B12 by serum proteins was studied by separating Co57B12-enriched serum by Sephadex gel filtration, column chromatography with DEAE-cellulose, and paper electrophoresis. Each method of separation yielded two discrete B12-binding fractions. However, the analysis of each serum by all three separation technics indicated that one of the fractions was, in each case, bipartite. The "high" molecular weight B12-binding fraction defined by Sephadex gel filtration consisted of transcobalamin I and just part of the transcobalamin II fraction. The remaining portion of transcobalamin II was eluted from Sephadex gel in a "low" molecular weight fraction. Thus, transcobalamin II, equivalent to the β-globulin B12-binder, consisted of both "high" and "low" molecular weight components. This suggests that there are at least three serum proteins that can bind vitamin B12: two β-globulins, together comprising the transcobalamin II fraction and differing in molecular weight; and transcobalamin I.

Circulating Inhibitor of Sodium—Potassium-Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase after Expansion of Extracellular Fluid Volume in Rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Gonick ◽  
H. J. Kramer ◽  
W. Paul ◽  
E. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Isotonic Sodium Chloride

1. Serum was collected from normal rats and from rats volume-expanded with isotonic sodium chloride solution. 2. The serum was fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and each fraction was tested for inhibitory activity against sodium—potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase prepared from rat kidney homogenate. 3. A single low-molecular-weight fraction, eluting after the salts and after exogenously added lysine-vasopressin, had significantly greater enzyme inhibitory activity when obtained from serum of volume-expanded animals than from control serum. 4. As this fraction has been shown in previous independent studies to contain a natriuretic factor, it may be concluded that one property of this factor is the ability to inhibit sodium—potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase.

Tumor Uptake of High and Low Molecular Weight Fractions from 67Ga-Citrate Labelled Blood Plasma

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Crone ◽  
P. Thouvenot ◽  
F. Brunotte ◽  
C. Marchai ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
67Ga Citrate

SummaryBlood plasma from tumor-bearing rats was incubated with 67Ga-citrate, and two fractions of high molecular weight (proteins) and low molecular weight were isolated by dialysis and by gel-filtration chromatography. Both fractions showed a different in vivo uptake by DS-sarcoma-bearing animals, the high molecular weight fraction being accumulated to a lesser extent. Compared to 67Ga-citrate the low molecular weight fraction showed a different uptake which for most tissues was significatively higher. This behavior suggests the presence of 67Ga in chemical forms other than citrate in the low molecular weight fraction. The lower uptake of the blood protein fraction is discussed.

scholarly journals Dopamine D3 Receptors and Salt-Dependent Hypertension

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2272-2279
Author(s):  
GERD LUIPPOLD ◽  
CLAUDIA ZIMMERMANN ◽  
MATTHIAS MAI ◽  
DORIS KLOOR ◽  
DOROTHEA STARCK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Renal Dopamine ◽  
And Function

Abstract. Alterations in the dopaminergic system may contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Dopamine D3 receptors have been shown to be involved in the regulation of sodium balance and hemodynamics in rodents. For determining the role of D3 receptors in salt-dependent hypertension, clearance experiments were performed in anesthetized salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) Dahl rats that were fed a standard diet with either normal (0.2%) or high (4%) sodium content for 21 to 26 d, which induced hypertension in DS but not in DR rats. The D3 receptor agonist R(+)-7-hydroxydipropyl-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) increased GFR by up to 35% and urinary sodium excretion by up to 4.4-fold in DR rats that were on both normal and high-sodium diet. 7-OH-DPAT-induced natriuresis also was observed in DS rats that were on normal diet but not in hypertensive DS rats that were on high-salt diet. No GFR response to 7-OH-DPAT was found in DS rats, irrespective of sodium diet. The diminished functional response to D3 receptor stimulation in DS rats was associated with a significantly lower [3H]-7-OH-DPAT binding to renal membrane protein when comparing DS with DR rats. Consequently, DR rats were treated with BSF 135170, a novel, highly selective D3 receptor antagonist, for 29 d. Whereas no change in systolic BP was observed during normal diet, high sodium intake significantly increased BP by almost 40 mmHg. In summary, both expression and function of the renal dopamine D3 receptor are impaired in salt-sensitive Dahl rats. Together with the induction of salt-dependent hypertension in genetically salt-resistant Dahl rats by D3 receptor blockade, the data strongly suggest that the deficiency in dopamine D3 receptors represents an important pathophysiological factor in the development of salt-dependent hypertension.

Sodium appetite and sodium metabolism in ruminants assessed by preference tests

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Bell ◽  
Jennifer Sly
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Metabolic Studies ◽  
Marked Preference ◽  
Excess Sodium ◽  
Sodium Metabolism

SummaryAdult sheep, unweaned and mature weaned calves have been examined by metabolic studies for sodium balance. The ratio of sodium input/output was near unity with only a very small amount of the ingested sodium salt being retained. A positive sodium balance was always present, with excess sodium salt being excreted. The main channel of sodium excretion was the kidney, although when sodium intake was increased the sodium content of the faeces showed a proportional increase. Unweaned calves, a few days old, were quite able to excrete excess sodium salts in concentrated urine.There was a clear difference in preference for sodium salts over water, between weaned calves allowed access to sodium salts while being fed milk, and weaned calves denied sodium salts at the milk feeding stage. Sodium-naive calves showed a marked preference for sodium salt solutions while the sodium-experienced calves showed at best an indifference and sometimes even an aversion. With continued access to sodium salts the volume ingested declined steadily in both groups but food intake remained constant.In both calves and sheep the preference for sodium salts showed considerable variation between animals. The evidence from parallel metabolic studies suggests that this variation indicates that salt intake is controlled by some mechanism, possibly in the central nervous system, which is activated by dynamic sodium metabolism. Our experimental results confirm that ruminants have a well developed salt taste but predilection for sodium salts could be a biochemical manifestation rather than a hedonic propensity.

Statistical research on the fate of dietary mineral elements in dry and lactating cows

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lomba ◽  
R. Paquay ◽  
V. Bienfet ◽  
A. Lousse
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Lactating Cows

SUMMARYStatistical analyses were carried out on the data obtained under strictly controlled conditions in metabolism stalls with 41 different rations fed to 127 adult non-pregnant dry cows, and with 14 other different rations fed to 35 adult non-pregnant lactating cows that had calved 2–6 months earlier and whose daily milk production ranged from 11 to 20 kg.The authors have calculated and studied the correlations between faecal and urinary sodium losses, sodium excretion in the milk, digestible sodium and sodium balance and the 75 other nutritive factors which were analysedfor each of the 55 above mentioned experimental diets.The most important factor in the fate of sodium is the amount of dietary sodium. Sodium digestibility is neither total nor constant: faecal losses and digestible amounts are enhanced when sodium intake is increased and faecal losses are also positively correlated with dry matter and nitrogen intakes. An increase in digestible sodium benefits both urinary excretion and balance, the latter being reduced by an increase in dry matter and nitrogen intake.Sodium balance is always negative when sodium content of the diet is lower than 0.1% in the dry cows and 0.2% in the lactating cows. In our experimental conditions, the sodium requirements for milk production do not influence sodium digestibility, but are met above all to the detriment of urinary losses.

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