Clonidine and Sympathetic Activity during Sleep

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. B. Maling ◽  
C. T. Dollery ◽  
C. A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Sleep Period ◽  
Blood Pressure Fall ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pressure Fall ◽  
Healthy Males

1. Blood pressure, heart rate, plasma noradrenaline and electroencephalographic variables were measured simultaneously during sleep in five healthy males before and after slow-release clonidine (300 μg orally) or placebo. 2. The blood pressure fall during sleep correlated significantly with the depth of sleep. 3. Clonidine significantly reduced systolic blood pressure during sleep and profoundly reduced total paradoxical sleep duration. 4. Plasma noradrenaline declined progressively during the sleep period and concentrations were significantly lower after clonidine compared with placebo.

Effect of the Somatostatin Analogue, Octreotide, on Exercise-Induced Hypotension in Human Subjects with Chronic Sympathetic Failure

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. P. Smith ◽  
M. Alam ◽  
L. P. Watson ◽  
C. J. Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Postural Hypotension ◽  
Autonomic Failure ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Blood Pressure Fall ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Pressure Fall

1. In autonomic failure, supine exercise lowers blood pressure and worsens postural hypotension. The somatostatin analogue, octreotide, reduces postprandial and postural hypotension, but its effects on exercise-induced hypotension and on postural hypotension post-exercise are unknown. 2. Eighteen subjects with chronic sympathetic denervation were studied; 12 had pure autonomic failure and six had additional neurological features of the Shy—Drager syndrome. Haemodynamic, hormonal and biochemical changes were measured before, during and after incremental supine leg exercise on two occasions: on no treatment and after subcutaneous octreotide. Exercise was performed 120 min after octreotide in eight subjects and 60 min after octreotide in ten subjects. 3. Octreotide did not improve exercise-induced hypotension; the blood pressure fall was greater during exercise, but the blood pressure level was no different than without treatment. Heart rate, stroke distance, cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance were similar at rest and changed to the same degree with exercise on and off octreotide. After octreotide, resting levels of serum growth hormone, plasma noradrenaline, adrenaline and renin were unchanged, but glucose was higher and insulin was lower. There was no change in biochemical and hormone levels during exercise either off or on octreotide. 4. After octreotide, although the rate of blood pressure recovery was similar post-exercise, the levels of blood pressure were higher than in the non-treatment phase and postural hypotension was improved before and after exercise. 5. In conclusion, in primary autonomic failure, octreotide did not improve exercise-induced hypotension in the supine position, suggesting that octreotide-sensitive vasodilatory peptides do not contribute to the blood pressure fall. With octreotide, supine blood pressure levels were higher post-exercise and postural hypotension was improved both before and after exercise.

Plasma noradrenaline in Goldblatt models of renovascular hypertension in the rat, before and after surgical reversal

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Walker ◽  
R. F. Bing ◽  
J. D. Swales ◽  
H. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
2K1c Hypertension

1. Plasma noradrenaline (NA), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured simultaneously in conscious rats under basal conditions in the early phase (4–6 weeks) of one-kidney, one-clip hypertension (1K1C), in the early (4–6 weeks) and chronic (> 16 weeks) phases of the two-kidney, one-clip model (2K1C) and in age-matched loose clip control animals before and 2 days after unclipping. 2. The elevated BP in all three hypertensive groups fell to normal after unclipping, whereas removal of the constricting clip in loose clip controls had no effect on BP. 3. Plasma NA was elevated in 1K1C hypertension (P < 0.05) and fell slightly but non-significantly on unclipping. However, in the early phase of 2K1C hypertension plasma NA was unaltered before and rose significantly (P < 0.05) after unclipping. Plasma NA did not change with unclipping in the chronic phase of 2K1C hypertension and was not different from controls. Unclipping loose clip control animals produced no change in plasma NA. 4. Changes in HR on unclipping followed a similar pattern to changes in plasma NA: changes in the two variables were significantly correlated in all three models (1K1C: r = 0.61, P < 0.005; early 2K1C: r = 0.45, P < 0.05; chronic 2K1C: r = 0.62, P < 0.01). However, BP was only correlated with plasma NA in 1K1C hypertension (r = 0.49, P < 0.02) and not in either phase of the 2K1C model. There was also a highly significant correlation between HR and plasma NA in 1K1C hypertension (r = 0.71, P < 0.001). The pattern of the changes in plasma NA and HR that occurred with reversal of 1K1C hypertension was significantly different from those in the early phase 2K1C model (P < 0.05). 5. These data suggest that there is sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation in the early phase of 1K1C hypertension, but provide no evidence for increased sympathetic activity in either the early or chronic phases of the 2K1C model. Neither do they support the hypothesis that the fall in BP with unclipping in this model is mediated by reduced SNS activity.

Nocturnal Blood Pressure Fall on Ambulatory Monitoring in a Large International Database

Hypertension ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A. Staessen ◽  
Leszek Bieniaszewski ◽  
Eoin O'Brien ◽  
Philippe Gosse ◽  
Hiroshi Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
International Database ◽  
Nocturnal Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Fall ◽  
Pressure Fall

[PP.16.12] THE PERSONALIZED NOCTURNAL BLOOD PRESSURE FALL IS NECESSARY TO DETERMINE THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VASCULAR DAMAGE AND BP DIPPING

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. e220-e221
Author(s):  
P. Nazzaro ◽  
G. Schirosi ◽  
L. De Benedittis ◽  
F. Caradonna-Moscatelli ◽  
M. Contini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Damage ◽  
Nocturnal Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Fall ◽  
Pressure Fall

scholarly journals Nighttime Blood Pressure Fall in Renal Disease Patients

Renal Failure ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Roberto Robles ◽  
Barbara Cancho ◽  
Rosa Ruiz-Calero ◽  
Enrique Angulo ◽  
Emilio Sanchez-Casado
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure Fall ◽  
Nighttime Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Fall

Blood Pressure Fall Occurring in Avertin Anesthesia

1932 ◽  
Vol 206 (12) ◽  
pp. 612-614
Author(s):  
GRANTLEY W. TAYLOR ◽  
CHARLES C. LUND
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Fall ◽  
Pressure Fall
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