Effect of Prolactin on Glomerular Filtration Rate

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Riley ◽  
T. C. Hagen ◽  
J. E. Stefaniak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
Ovine Prolactin

1. The effect of infusion of ovine prolactin was studied in anaesthetized dogs pretreated with bromocryptine to reduce the release of endogenous prolactin. 2. Prolactin, injected intravenously and also directly into one kidney, resulted in a 12–18% increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by both kidneys. 3. This increased GFR was not associated with any demonstrable changes in whole-kidney blood flow, distribution of intrarenal blood flow, fractional excretion of sodium or osmolar or free-water clearance. 4. We conclude that ovine prolactin produced an increase in GFR not dependent on an increase in whole-kidney plasma flow.

scholarly journals Age and renal prostaglandin inhibition during exercise and heat stress

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1936-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Farquhar ◽  
W. L. Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Urine Production

Aging is associated with a number of physiological changes that may cause the kidney to rely to a greater extent on vasodilatory PGs for normal functioning. Acute exercise has been shown to cause renal vasoconstriction that may be partially buffered by vasodilatory PGs. To determine the relative importance of renal PGs during exercise in older adults, we compared the renal effects of the PG inhibitor ibuprofen (1.2 g/day for 3 days) vs. a placebo control in a cohort of eight younger (24 ± 2 yr) and eight older (64 ± 2 yr) women during treadmill exercise (∼57% maximal oxygen consumption) in the heat (36°C). This over-the-counter dose of ibuprofen reduced renal PG (i.e., PGE2) excretion by 47% ( P < 0.05). Acute exercise in the heat caused dramatic decreases in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, and sodium excretion in both age groups. PG inhibition was associated with greater decreases in urine production and free water clearance ( P < 0.05). There were no drug-related declines in glomerular filtration rate or renal blood flow. We conclude that PG inhibition has only modest effects on renal function during exercise. Also, the lack of hemodynamic changes with PG inhibition indicates that healthy well-hydrated older women are not in a renal PG-dependent state.

Supersensitivity to norepinephrine in chronically denervated kidneys: evidence for a postsynaptic effect

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2219-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krayacich ◽  
R. L. Kline ◽  
P. F. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
Infusion Of Norepinephrine

Denervation supersensitivity in chronically denervated kidneys increases renal responsiveness to increased plasma levels of norepinephrine. To determine whether this effect is caused by presynaptic (i.e., loss of uptake) or postsynaptic changes, we studied the effect of continuous infusion of norepinephrine (330 ng/min, i.v.) and methoxamine (4 μg/min, i.v.), an α1 adrenergic agonist that is not taken up by nerve terminals, on renal function of innervated and denervated kidneys. Ganglionic blockade was used to eliminate reflex adjustments in the innervated kidney and mean arterial pressure was maintained at preganglionic blockade levels by an infusion of arginine vasopressin. With renal perfusion pressure controlled there was a significantly greater decrease in renal blood flow (−67 ± 9 vs. −33 ± 8%), glomerular filtration rate (−60 ± 9 vs. −7 ± 20%), urine flow (−61 ± 7 vs. −24 ± 11%), sodium excretion (−51 ± 15 vs. −32 ± 21%), and fractional excretion of sodium (−50 ± 9 vs. −25 ± 15%) from the denervated kidneys compared with the innervated kidneys during the infusion of norepinephrine. During the infusion of methoxamine there was a significantly greater decrease from the denervated compared with the innervated kidneys in renal blood flow (−54 ± 10 vs. −30 ± 14%), glomerular filtration rate (−51 ± 11 vs. −19 ± 17%), urine flow (−55 ± 10 vs. −39 ± 10%), sodium excretion (−70 ± 9 vs. −59 ± 11%), and fractional excretion of sodium (−53 ± 10 vs. −41 ± 10%). These results suggest that vascular and tubular supersensitivity to norepinephrine in chronically denervated kidneys is due to postsynaptic changes involving α1-adrenergic receptors.

Compensatory renal hypertrophy in dogs: single nephron glomerular filtration rate

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Carrière ◽  
Michèle Gagnan-Brunette
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Nephron

Sodium ferrocyanide was used to measure the intrarenal distribution of single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) in remaining kidneys of dogs, 10 d after contralateral nephrectomy. It was first demonstrated that the renal function of both kidneys in situ was comparable. Following right nephrectomy, the urine volume, p-aminohippuric acid clearance, creatine clearance, osmolar clearance, fractional excretion of potassium, and sodium excretion of the left kidney increased. Fractional excretion of sodium, free water clearance, and filtration fraction remained unchanged. Following that 10-d period, left kidney weight exceeded that of the previously removed contralateral kidney by 50%, indicating that most of the compensatory hypertrophy had already occurred. No significant difference in the length of the proximal tubule nor in the diameter of the glomeruli of superficial (SUP) and juxtamedullary (JM) nephrons of either kidney could be demonstrated. Most importantly, the ratio of radioactivity in the SUP/JM nephrons of the residual kidney was comparable with that previously observed in normal dog kidneys. Thus, the increase in total kidney GFR is explained through a proportional increase in the SNGFR of the SUP and JM nephrons.

Micropuncture study of avian kidney: effect of prolactin

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (5) ◽  
pp. R933-R937 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Roberts ◽  
W. H. Dantzler
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Single Nephron ◽  
Ovine Prolactin ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Phosphate

Renal function was studied in anesthetized European starlings (Sturnis vulgaris) by micropuncture and clearance techniques. A previous study had shown some changes in the renal function of birds in molt. Endogenous prolactin levels have been shown to be elevated at this time. In the present study, renal function was studied during the infusion of an isotonic sodium chloride solution and then when ovine prolactin was added to the infusion. Ovine prolactin resulted in an elevation of plasma urate concentration but had no significant effects on other plasma parameters or on the concentration of the various ions in tubular fluid samples. Urine flow rate was significantly higher during prolactin infusion, although whole animal glomerular filtration rate, single nephron glomerular filtration rate, and the percentage fluid reabsorption in the proximal tubule (up to the point of micropuncture) were unaltered. The whole animal fractional excretions of sodium and chloride were significantly higher, those of magnesium and potassium were significantly lower, and the fractional excretion of phosphate tended to be lower during prolactin infusion. At the level of the proximal tubules of the reptilian-type nephrons, prolactin infusion caused a slight reduction in the net reabsorption of sodium and chloride. Therefore the main effects of prolactin on renal function are occurring in the distal nephron of the reptilian-type nephrons or in the mammalian-type nephrons. It appears that prolactin may affect renal function in avian species and that these actions may be modulated by a range of factors as has been demonstrated in mammals.

Unimpaired excretion of an acute salt load in conscious hypoproteinaemic dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Joles ◽  
H. A. Koomans ◽  
P. Boer ◽  
E. J. Dorhout Mees
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Filtration Fraction ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium

1. The role of hypoproteinaemia in the sodium retention seen in conditions such as the nephrotic syndrome is incompletely known. 2. To define the influence of severe hypoproteinaemia on kidney function, we studied the effect of an intravenous infusion of an isotonic saline load (133 mmol of sodium), as 1 litre of Ringer lactate solution, on sodium excretion and renal haemodynamics in conscious dogs before and after reduction of plasma protein from 68 ± 3 to 36 ±2 g/l by repeated plasmapheresis and a low protein diet. 3. During hypoproteinaemia, 2 days after a period of plasmapheresis, glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were lower than in the control study. After the sodium load, both rose to values nearly identical with the pre-infusion levels found in normoproteinaemia, the filtration fraction remaining unchanged. This contrasted with the rise in filtration fraction after expansion in normoproteinaemia, where filtration fraction increased from 32 to 39% due to a rise in glomerular filtration rate. 4. After expansion, natriuresis rose to similar levels in normoproteinaemia (0.18 ±0.06 mmol/min) and hypoproteinaemia (0.20 ± 0.06 mmol/min), and increments in fractional excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride were also similar. However, baseline excretion was higher in the hypoproteinaemic dogs due to their overhydrated condition in this period immediately after plasmapheresis. 5. The fractional excretion of lithium, an alleged marker of proximal tubular sodium reabsorption, rose to comparable levels. 6. Hence, both the increase in filtration and decrease in reabsorption of sodium after an isotonic saline load are not affected by severe reduction in plasma protein concentration. Apparently, the pathways to augment natriuresis after acute expansion function normally in hypoproteinaemia.

Renal Clearance of Fluoride in Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-579
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Spak ◽  
Ulla Berg ◽  
Jan Ekstrand
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Water Diuresis ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Clearance Technique

Renal function and fluoride excretion have been studied in 38 children. The children were divided into three groups according to their glomerular filtration rate: normal (92 to 136 mL/min/1.73 m2 of body surface area [BSA]), low (&lt; 92 mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA, and super-normal (&gt; 136 mL/min/1.73 m2 BSA). Standard clearance technique with infusion of inulin and p-aminohippuric acid during water diuresis was used. Mean renal fluoride clearance was 45.0 ± 9.8 (SD) mL/min in the group of children with normal glomerular filtration rates and 31.4 ± 8.8 mL/min in the group with low glomerular filtration rates. This difference was statistically significant. There was a close linear relationship between renal fluoride clearance and glomerular filtration rate, urinary flow, and free water clearance. The fractional fluoride excretion did not differ between the groups. About 60% of the filtered fluoride was reabsorbed. No evidence for tubular secretion exceeding the reabsorption could be found. The results suggest that children have lower renal fluoride clearance rates than adults and indicate that a moderate impairment of the renal function could lead to increased retention of fluoride.

The effect of vasopressin and oxytocin on glomerular filtration rate in the conscious rat: contribution to the natriuretic response

1994 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Forsling ◽  
J M Judah ◽  
R J Windle
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Higher Doses

Abstract Urine flow, sodium excretion, mean arterial blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were detennined in the conscious unrestrained rat infused with hypotonic saline. The effects of vasopressin infused at 24 and 160 pmol/min and oxytocin infused at 30 and 200 pmol/min were determined. The lower doses of each hormone gave plasma concentrations within the physiological range whereas the higher doses produced plasma concentrations equivalent to those seen following dehydration. Vasopressin produced dose-dependent antidiuretic and natriuretic responses. Hormone infused at both rates increased the clearance of sodium, but only the higher dose caused a significant increase in GFR. Fractional excretion of sodium was significantly elevated by both doses. Oxytocin produced dose-dependent diuretic and natriuretic responses. Again both rates of infusion increased the clearance of sodium, but only the higher dose caused a significant increase in GFR. The lower dose caused a significant increase in the fractional excretion of sodium. It appears, therefore, that increases in GFR may have a role in the natriuretic response to both hormones. However, this response can also be seen when GFR remains unchanged. This fact, together with the observed increases in the fractional excretion of sodium, indicates that these hormones have additional tubular actions. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 141, 59–67

Distribution of Renal Blood Flow in Patients with Heart Disease

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-634
Author(s):  
D. C. Fluck ◽  
T. R. Evans ◽  
D. C. Siggers ◽  
J. Crawley ◽  
S. A. Srivongse
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Component Group ◽  
The Mean

1. The renal blood flow distribution has been studied by the Xe washout method in nineteen patients undergoing routine left-sided cardiac catheterization. 2. It was found that there were two separate groups, one in which the washout curve could be analysed by curve stripping into four exponentials, and one in which only three could be detected. 3. The mean cardiac output was found to be lower in the three-component group, whereas the mean glomerular filtration rate did not differ significantly between the two groups. 4. In the four-component group but not in the three-component group, significant linear correlations were detected between cardiac output and glomerular filtration rate, and between glomerular filtration rate and intrarenal blood flow distribution. 5. One suggestion was that the three component distribution of renal blood flow was associated with increasing renal autoregulation and the maintenance of renal function in the presence of a low cardiac output. 6. A second suggestion was that the differences between the three- and four-component group were primarily due to the more intensive diuretic therapy given to the patients in the three-component group.

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