Catabolic Rate of α1-Antitrypsin of Pi Types S, and MMalton and of Asialylated M-Protein in Man

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
J.-O. Jeppsson ◽  
C.-B. Laurell ◽  
B. Nosslin ◽  
D. W. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Fractional Catabolic Rate ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Simultaneous Injection ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Lower Plasma Concentration

1. Human α1-antitrypsin was isolated with preserved microheterogeneity from subjects of Pi types M, S and MMalton. The M-protein was partially (20%) and completely desialylated. The proteins were labelled with either 125I or 131I. 2. The disappearance rate of these α1-antitrypsins was studied after simultaneous injection of the two types of labelled protein into Pi M subjects. The fractional catabolic rates of S- and MMalton-protein were 0.36 and 0.34 day−1 respectively compared with 0.28 day−1 for M-protein. The ratio of extravascular to plasma pools was 1.4 for S-protein and 1.6 for MMalton-protein. The 20% desialylated M-protein showed an increase of about 100% in its fractional catabolic rate. The disappearance rate of completely desialylated α1-antitrypsin was extremely rapid. 3. The slightly higher fractional catabolic rate of S- than of M-protein can only partly explain the 40% lower plasma concentration in subjects of Pi type S. Similarly the slight increase in catabolic rate of Pi MMalton-protein is too small to explain why the α1-antitrypsin content of the blood in Pi MMalton subjects is only 15% of that normally found. A low hepatic secretion seems to be the major cause of the low α1-antitrypsin concentration found in subjects of types Pi S and MMalton, as in Pi type Z.

Catabolic rate of α1-antitrypsin of Pi type M and Z in man

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-B. Laurell ◽  
B. Nosslin ◽  
J.-O. Jeppsson
Keyword(s):  
M Protein ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Simultaneous Injection ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Z Protein ◽  
Low Rate

1. Human α1-antitrypsin was isolated from three Pi M and two Pi Z subjects without alteration of its microheterogeneity. The purified proteins were labelled with either 125I or 131I by a lactoperoxidase method. 2. The disappearance rate of two types of α1-antitrypsin were studied after simultaneous injection of labelled M-protein and Z-protein into Pi M subjects. 3. The ratio of extra vascular to plasma pools of α1-antitrypsin ranged between 1·2 and 1·6 with no difference between M- and Z-protein. The mean fractional catabolic rates of M-protein and Z-protein were respectively 0·26 and 0·40 per day. 4. The difference in catabolic rate of Z- and of M-protein is too small to explain why the α1-antitrypsin content of the blood in Pi ZZ subjects is only 15% of that normally found in Pi MM subjects. The low α1-antitrypsin in Pi ZZ subjects appears mainly to be due to a low rate of biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Effects of Aloe arborescens Whole Plant Homogenate on Lipid Metabolism, Inflammatory Conditions and Liver Function of Dairy Cows during the Transition Period

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Mezzetti ◽  
Andrea Minuti ◽  
Massimo Bionaz ◽  
Fiorenzo Piccioli-Cappelli ◽  
Erminio Trevisi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Aloe Arborescens ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Lower Plasma Concentration

The anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects exerted by Aloe on monogastric mammals suggest it as a potential strategy to address the tremendous metabolic alterations that affect dairy cows during their transition to calving. A group of 20 multiparous Italian Holstein dairy cows were housed in freestalls and allocated into two homogeneous groups to receive either 200 g/d of water (CTR) or 200 g/day of Aloe arborescens Mill. whole plant homogenate through a rumen tube (AAM) between −14 and 14 days from calving (DFC). From −14 to 35 DFC, the BCS, and milk yield were measured, and blood samples were collected to assess the hematochemical profile. Data underwent ANOVA testing using a mixed model for repeated measurements, including the treatment and time and their interactions as fixed effects. Compared to CTR cows, AAM cows had a less pronounced BCS loss in early lactation (p < 0.01), indicating less mobilization of body reserves. Compared to CTR cows, AAM cows had a lower plasma concentration of nonesterified fatty acids and beta hydroxybutyrate (p < 0.01 and = 0.01 respectively) that, paired with the lower butterfat content and fat/protein ratio in their milk (p = 0.03 and < 0.01 respectively), indicates that Aloe reduced the mobilization of body fats. AAM cows had a reduced concentration of myeloperoxidase in plasma and a lower SCC in milk compared to CTR cows (p = 0.02 for both), indicating an anti-inflammatory effect of Aloe. Furthermore, AAM cows had a lower plasma concentration of ceruloplasmin (p < 0.05) and higher plasma concentration of cholesterol, retinol, and paraoxonase compared to CTR cows (p < 0.01, < 0.01 and < 0.05 respectively), indicating Aloe was effective in mitigating the acute phase response in early lactation. Finally, AAM cows had lower plasma creatinine concentrations around calving (p < 0.05), a lower concentration of plasma bilirubin, and a higher concentration of plasma tocopherol compared to CTR cows (p = 0.01 for both). These data suggest Aloe has anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects on transition dairy cows that could have ameliorated liver and kidney function disruption and increased the availability of body antioxidants in early lactation.

Cytokine Changes in Maternal Peripheral Blood Correlate With Time-to-Delivery in Pregnancies Complicated by Premature Prelabor Rupture of the Membranes

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Ronzoni ◽  
Valerie Steckle ◽  
Rohan D’Souza ◽  
Kellie E. Murphy ◽  
Stephen Lye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Lower Plasma Concentration

Premature prelabor rupture of the membranes (PPROM) causes one-third of preterm births worldwide and is most likely caused by subclinical intrauterine infection and/or inflammation. We proposed that women with systemic inflammation at the time of PPROM would have shorter latency. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 20 singleton pregnant women with PPROM between 23 ± 1 and 33 ± 6 weeks. The first sample was drawn within 48 hours of admission, followed by weekly blood draws until delivery. Pregnancies complicated with acute chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, obesity, substance abuse, and chronic maternal disease were excluded. Twenty uncomplicated, gestational age-matched pregnancies served as controls. Plasma concentration of 39 cytokines was measured longitudinally using Luminex assays to investigate their value as predictive biomarkers of latency. Women with PPROM exhibited significantly lower plasma concentration of interferon-γ-inducible protein 10-Chemokine (c-x-c motif; IP10/CXCL10), Chemokine (c-x-c motif) Ligand 9 (MIG/CXCL9), Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGFbb), and cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine, also known as CCL27/CCL27 than controls at admission but significantly elevated interleukin (IL)1RA, tumor necrosis factor α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1/CCL2 at delivery compared to admission. Women with PPROM who delivered within 7 days had significantly lower plasma concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL1RA than those with latency periods >7 days. The IL1RA and endotoxin activity in conjunction with clinical parameters results in excellent prediction of latency to delivery (area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve = 0.91). We concluded that higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in women with PPROM were associated with increased latency until delivery, likely due to counterbalancing of proinflammatory load. When used in conjunction with other predictive characteristics of time until delivery, cytokines may further assist clinical decision-making and optimize pregnancy outcomes in women with PPROM.

Some Factors Influencing Metabolism and Distribution of Fibrinogen in Man and Rabbits

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsiang Chen ◽  
E. B Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Fractional Catabolic Rate ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Healthy Females ◽  
Made In

SummaryTo shed some light on the homeostatic regulation of plasma fibrinogen, metabolic studies were made in healthy females, and in normal, thyroidectomized, and thyroxine-treated rabbits. In females, compared with normal males, plasma fibrinogen concentration, plasma and interstitial fibrinogen decreased consequent to an increased fractional catabolic rate and a normal fibrinogen synthesis rate. The interstitial/plasma fibrinogen ratio remained unchanged. In normal rabbits, with increasing body weight fractional catabolic rate and catabolic rate decreased, while fibrinogen concentration and plasma fibrinogen remained constant owing to a simultaneous decrease in fibrinogen synthesis. In addition, fractional transcapillary transfer rate and transcapillary flux also decreased resulting in a shrinkage of interstitial fibrinogen. Thyroidectomy and thyroxine-injection markedly altered fibrinogen metabolism: thyroid hormone accelerated fibrinogen catabolism but also stimulated synthesis. The net result was an increase in plasma fibrinogen and fibrinogen concentration. The interstitial/plasma fibrinogen ratio decreased in thyroxine-treated, and increased in thyroidectomized animals. This study defines the variations of the fibrinogen system parameters in these physiologic and pathologic conditions, and illustrates some patterns of alterations in fibrinogen metabolism.

Catabolism of Human Fibrinogen Fragment D in Normal Subjects and Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ardaillou ◽  
Jeannine Yvart ◽  
Philippe Le Bras ◽  
Marie-José Larrieu
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Fractional Catabolic Rate ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Plasma Pool ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Chloramine T

SummaryThe catabolism of human fragment D, (FgD), obtained by plasmin digestion of fibrinogen has been investigated in normal subjects and patients with liver cirrhosis and the results compared with those obtained for fibrinogen (Fg). Fg was labelled with I-125 and Fg D with I-131 using the chloramine T method. The plasma disappearance curves of both labelled proteins fitted a two exponential curve. In controls the plasma clearance rate of Fg D was greater than that of Fg as shown by the marked difference between the half-lives of these two tracers: 8,9 and 83,5 hours for Fg D and Fg respectively. The fractional catabolic rate of Fg D was 3.38 times the plasma pool per day. In nine patients with liver cirrhosis, catabolism of Fg was not modified. In contrast, catabolism of Fg D was significantly reduced with a half life of 13.0 hours and a low fractional catabolic rate. These results suggest the role of the liver in the catabolism of Fg D in man.

scholarly journals Role of Small Envelope Protein in Sustaining the Intracellular and Extracellular Levels of Hepatitis B Virus Large and Middle Envelope Proteins

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yongxiang Wang ◽  
Shuwen Fu ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Qianru Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Full Length ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Intracellular Level ◽  
S Protein ◽  
L Protein ◽  
M Proteins ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Subviral Particle ◽  
Genotype A

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) expresses co-terminal large (L), middle (M), and small (S) envelope proteins. S protein drives virion and subviral particle secretion, whereas L protein inhibits subviral particle secretion but coordinates virion morphogenesis. We previously found that preventing S protein expression from a subgenomic construct eliminated M protein. The present study further examined impact of S protein on L and M proteins. Mutations were introduced to subgenomic construct of genotype A or 1.1mer replication construct of genotype A or D, and viral proteins were analyzed from transfected Huh7 cells. Mutating S gene ATG to prevent expression of full-length S protein eliminated M protein, reduced intracellular level of L protein despite its blocked secretion, and generated a truncated S protein through translation initiation from a downstream ATG. Truncated S protein was secretion deficient and could inhibit secretion of L, M, S proteins from wild-type constructs. Providing full-length S protein in trans rescued L protein secretion and increased its intracellular level from mutants of lost S gene ATG. Lost core protein expression reduced all the three envelope proteins. In conclusion, full-length S protein could sustain intracellular and extracellular L and M proteins, while truncated S protein could block subviral particle secretion.

scholarly journals Increased Apolipoprotein AI Production Rate and Redistribution of High-Density Lipoprotein Size Induced by Estrogen plus Progestin as Oral Contraceptive

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 4891-4897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Duvillard ◽  
Guillaume Dautin ◽  
Emmanuel Florentin ◽  
Aline Jeannin ◽  
Jean-Paul Pais de Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Fractional Catabolic Rate ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Estrogen Plus Progestin

Context: The impact of estrogen plus progestin as an oral contraceptive on high density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein (apo) AI metabolism in humans is poorly understood. Objectives: This study was designed to measure the in vivo effect of Moneva (30 μg ethinylestradiol, 75 μg gestodene) on HDL apoAI production rate and fractional catabolic rate. Design: Using 13C-leucine, we performed two kinetic studies in the fed state in 10 normolipidemic young women, before and 3 months after beginning Moneva. Results: On Moneva, serum triglycerides increased by 12% (P = 0.03) in the fed state, whereas low-density lipoprotein and HDL cholesterol remained unchanged. HDL apoAI pool size and production rate were increased by 9.2% (67.3 ± 7.1 vs. 61.6 ± 6.7 mg · kg−1; P = 0.05) and 26.5% (14.3 ± 2.7 vs. 11.3 ± 2.2 mg · kg−1 · d−1; P = 0.02), respectively. HDL apoAI fractional catabolic rate was not significantly modified. Three-month treatment by Moneva induced a shift of HDL size distribution from HDL2 toward HDL3 (HDL3 = 51.5 ± 8.1 vs. 46.5 ± 9.2% of total HDL; P = 0.02) and an increase in the proportion of apoAI among HDL components (38.8 ± 4.3 vs. 34.4 ± 2.8%; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Oral contraception by estrogen plus progestin induces changes in HDL apoAI metabolism characterized by an increase in production rate and pool size, with a higher proportion of HDL3 particles. Whether or not these changes are beneficial to prevent atherosclerosis has to be explored further.

Rapid Infusion of Hydroxyethyl Starch 70/0.5 but not Acetate Ringer’s Solution Decreases the Plasma Concentration of Propofol during Target-controlled Infusion

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayako Itakura ◽  
Kenichi Masui ◽  
Tomiei Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Rapid Infusion ◽  
Ringer’S Solution ◽  
Target Controlled Infusion

Abstract Background Rapid fluid infusion resulting in increased hepatic blood flow may decrease the propofol plasma concentration (Cp) because propofol is a high hepatic extraction drug. The authors investigated the effects of rapid colloid and crystalloid infusions on the propofol Cp during target-controlled infusion. Methods Thirty-six patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 interventions (12 patients per group). At least 30 min after the start of propofol infusion, patients received either a 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution at 24 ml·kg−1·h−1 or acetated Ringer’s solution at 24 or 2 ml·kg−1·h−1 during the first 20 min. In all groups, acetated Ringer’s solution was infused at 2 ml·kg−1·h−1 during the next 20 min. The propofol Cp was measured every 2.5 min as the primary outcome. Cardiac output, blood volume, and indocyanine green disappearance rate were determined using a pulse dye densitogram analyzer before and after the start of fluid administration. Effective hepatic blood flow was calculated as the blood volume multiplied by the indocyanine green disappearance rate. Results The rapid HES infusion significantly decreased the propofol Cp by 22 to 37%, compared to the Cp at 0 min, whereas the rapid or maintenance infusion of acetate Ringer’s solution did not decrease the propofol Cp. Rapid HES infusion, but not acetate Ringer’s solution infusion, increased the effective hepatic blood flow. Conclusions Rapid HES infusion increased the effective hepatic blood flow, resulting in a decreased propofol Cp during target-controlled infusion. Rapid HES infusion should be used cautiously as it may decrease the depth of anesthesia.

scholarly journals Overestimation of the lipoprotein fractional catabolic rate(FCR) measured in short duration experiments.

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard CHAMPARNAUD ◽  
Khadija OUGUERRAM ◽  
Thierry MAGOT ◽  
Claude LUTTON
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Fractional Catabolic Rate ◽  
Catabolic Rate
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