The Practical Effect on the Measurement of Airways Resistance of a Preceding, Deep Inhalation or Exhalation in Normal Subjects with and without Bronchoconstriction

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 2P-2P
Author(s):  
T. Higenbottam ◽  
D. Hamilton ◽  
T. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Practical Effect ◽  
Airways Resistance

Reversibility of Airways Obstruction in Chronic Bronchitis

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Astin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Airways Obstruction ◽  
Chest Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Airways Resistance ◽  
Intravenous Atropine

1. Airways resistance and lung volume were measured in twenty-five patients with chronic bronchitis and fifteen patients without chest disease before and after the inhalation of isoprenaline. Similar measurements were made on fourteen of these patients with chronic bronchitis and twelve other patients without chest disease before and after the intravenous injection of atropine sulphate. 2. There were significant decreases in airways resistance after isoprenaline inhalation and intravenous atropine both in patients with bronchitis and normal subjects but the decreases were greater in the patients with chronic bronchitis. 3. The decrease in resistance was proportional to the degree of initial airways resistance. 4. The results are considered to indicate that bronchial muscle contraction increases the airways resistance of patients with chronic bronchitis and contributes to the airways obstruction; its contribution increases with increasing severity of the condition. A significant part of the increased airways resistance in these patients is potentially reversible and nervously mediated.

Effects of cardioselective beta adrenoceptor blockade on specific airways resistance in normal subjects and in patients with bronchial asthma

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (5part1) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bramah N. Singh ◽  
Robert M. L. Whitlock ◽  
Russell H. Comber ◽  
Faith H. Williams ◽  
Edward A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Airways Resistance

Bronchial Sympathetic Activity in Chronic Bronchitis

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Astin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Chest Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alpha Receptors ◽  
Airways Resistance ◽  
Propranolol Administration ◽  
Made In

1. Measurements of airways resistance and lung volume were made in sixteen patients with chronic bronchitis and ten patients without chest disease before and after intravenous propranolol administration. 2. The airways resistance of the patients with chronic bronchitis increased significantly after propranolol administration but in the control subjects there was no significant increase. 3. In the patients with chronic bronchitis the increases in airways resistance were greater when the initial values were high. 4. In seven of the patients with chronic bronchitis and seven further control subjects airways resistance was measured before and after intravenous thymoxamine administration. 5. The airways resistance of the normal subjects was unchanged by thymoxamine administration, but that of the patients with chronic bronchitis decreased significantly. 6. The results are consistent with the existence of bronchial alpha receptors in man. In patients with chronic bronchitis there are greater degrees of both alpha and beta bronchial sympathetic activity than in normal subjects. The greater the severity of the condition the greater is the degree of beta sympathetic activity. In considering the factors causing airways obstruction in chronic bronchitis sympathetic activity should be taken into account.

The Effects of Pre-Existing Loads Upon Detection of Externally Applied Resistances to Breathing in Man

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
D. I. McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Airways Resistance

1. It was confirmed that normal subjects can detect an increase in airways resistance of 1.2 cmH2O 1−1 s when this is presented during a sequence of otherwise unresisted breaths. 2. In contrast when such subjects meet the same resistance presented unexpectedly during a sequence of breaths against a larger resistance (2.5 cmH2O 1−1 s), they commonly fail to detect it, indicating that they believe no external resistance remains. 3. Subjects breathing continuously against a given external resistance frequently during the course of the study indicate that they believe that a decrease in resistance has been made.

Phase variation in nasal airways resistance assessed by active anterior rhinomanometry

1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Nasal Airways ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Airways Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Phases ◽  
Active Anterior Rhinomanometry

AbstractMeasurements of nasal airways resistance in normal subjects have shown a significant difference between values obtained in the two respiratory phases. Higher overall values are found during expiration in both the unprepared and decongested nose but these differences fail to maintain statistical significance after application of a decongestant. This indicates that the phase of respiration in which measurement is made must be routinely recorded especially when measurement is made without decongestant, and comparisons of data made only with recordings from equivalent parts of the nasal cycle.

Auditory Selective Attention in Cerebral-Palsied Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Laraway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the auditory selective attention abilities of normal and cerebral-palsied individuals. Twenty-three cerebral-palsied and 23 normal subjects between the ages of 5 and 21 were asked to repeat a series of 30 items consisting of from 2 to 4 digits in the presence of intermittent white noise. Results of the study indicate that cerebral-palsied individuals perform significantly poorer than normal individuals when the stimulus is accompanied by noise. Noise was not a significant factor in the performance of the normal subjects regardless of age.

The Effect of Stapedectomy on the Loudness of One’s Own Voice

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sound Energy ◽  
Loudness Function ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Five subjects with normal middle ear mechanisms, and otosclerotic patients, before and after stapedectomy, matched the loudness of their voices to the loudness of a 125-cps-sawtooth noise. The results showed loudness matching functions with gradual slopes, less than 1.00, for the normal subjects and the patients prior to stapedectomy. Post-surgically, the loudness function for the patients increased in steepness to considerably more than 1.00. These results are explained, most logically, in terms of increased sensitivity of the altered middle ear to sound energy generated by the listener’s own voice.

Delayed Auditory Feedback with Different Delay Times at Each Ear

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-371
Author(s):  
Samuel Fillenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Delay Interval ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Delay Times

Binaurally asynchronous delayed auditory feedback (DAF) was compared with synchronous DAF in 80 normal subjects. Asynchronous DAF (0.10 sec difference) did not yield results different from those obtained under synchronous DAF with a 0.20 sec delay interval, an interval characteristically resulting in maximum disruptions in speech.

Airway Resistance during Esophageal Phonation

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Weinberg ◽  
Yoshiyuki Horii ◽  
Eric Blom ◽  
Mark Singer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Voice Restoration ◽  
Esophageal Speech ◽  
Airways Resistance ◽  
Restoration Method

Prosthesis airway resistance calculations were completed for five Blom-Singer prostheses and esophageal source airway resistance estimated were made of five laryngectomized patients using the Singer-Blom voice restoration method. Airway resistance of the Blom-Singer prostheses ranged from 46 to 121 cmH 2 O/LPS, while source airways resistance in these subjects ranged from about 155 to 270 cmH 2 O/LPS. These results revealed that the opposition of the voicing sources used in esophageal speech production to airflow through them is substantial and larger than that established for the normal, laryngeal source. Findings are interpreted to highlight major advantages the Singer-Blom (1980) method of speech/voice restoration has over esophageal speech/voice produced on a conventional basis and to reveal specific reasons for the failure of may laryngectomized patients to develop consistent voice and functionally serviceable speech.

Object Transformations in the Play of Language-Impaired Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Y. Terrell ◽  
Richard G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Play Behavior ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Normal Language ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance ◽  
Impaired Children

The play behavior of 10 language-impaired children was observed. Their performances in play were compared to those of 10 normal-language children matched for chronological age as well as to those of 10 normal-language children matched for mean length of utterance. The children were observed as they played spontaneously with a standard group of toys and as they played with objects that required object transformations for successful play. The chronological age-matched normal subjects showed a trend toward performance of more object transformations in play than either the language-impaired or younger normal-language children. Additionally, although object transformations were observed in both segments, all children performed more object transformations with objects than with toys.

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