Plasma Glucose, Non-Esterified Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Huntington's Chorea

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. T. Phillipson ◽  
E. D. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Provocation Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Huntington's Chorea ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Free Tryptophan

1. The metabolic responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (100 g) and an intravenous insulin provocation test (0·1 i.u./kg) were studied in nine control subjects and nine patients with Huntington's chorea. 2. Plasma glucose responses to these stimuli were identical in both groups. 3. High fasting concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were recorded in the choreic patients when compared with control subjects. This difference was maintained under hypoglycaemic conditions. However, during hyperglycaemia the differences in NEFA concentrations between the groups was abolished. 4. Total plasma tryptophan concentrations were equal in the two groups. Free plasma tryptophan, however, was markedly reduced in the choreic group, and this appeared to be a result of a disturbed relationship between free tryptophan and NEFA concentrations. The abnormalities in free tryptophan values were sensitive to plasma glucose concentrations, as hyperglycaemic conditions markedly reduced the differences between the choreic and control group. 5. Patients with Huntington's chorea showed reduced fasting plasma concentrations of leucine, isoleucine and valine.

scholarly journals Ghrelin test for the assessment of GH status in successfully treated patients with acromegaly

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pekic ◽  
M Doknic ◽  
D Miljic ◽  
M Joksimovic ◽  
J Glodic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Provocation Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Provocative Test ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Secretory Capacity ◽  
Igfbp 3

Objective: Posttreatment assessment of disease activity and definition of cure of acromegaly, using measurement of GH secretion, remains problematic. Furthermore, with our efforts to achieve tight biochemical control of the disease it is foreseeable that a proportion of patients may be rendered GH deficient, thus requiring testing for GH deficiency. The aim of our study was to evaluate residual GH secretion in cured patients with acromegaly. Design and methods: At baseline, circulating GH, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, leptin and lipid (cholesterol and tri-glycerides) levels were measured in 33 acromegalic patients nine years after treatment with surgery of whom 6 were additionally irradiated. Two tests were performed: the GH suppression test - oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the GH provocation test - ghrelin test (1 μg/kg i.v. bolus) and the results were compared with 11 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Results: According to the consensus criteria (normal IGF-I levels and post-OGTT GH nadir <1 μg/l), 21 treated acromegalic patients were cured, 6 had discordant IGF-I and GH nadir values during OGTT, while 6 had persistent acromegaly. After the GH provocative test with ghrelin (cut-off for severe GH deficiency is GH <3 μg/l), we detected 9 severely GH deficient patients (GHD) among 21 cured acromegalic patients. Mean GH peak (±s.e.m.) response to the ghrelin test in GHD acromegalics was significantly lower compared with acromegalics with sufficient GH secretory capacity and control subjects (1.2 ± 0.2 μg/l vs 20.1 ± 2.4 μg/l vs 31.1 ± 2.5 μg/l respectively, P<0.0001). Mean IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were not different between GHD and GH-sufficient cured acromegalics. Leptin levels and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in GHD male acromegalics compared with GH-sufficient male acromegalics. GHD female acromegalics tended to have higher BMIs while leptin levels were not different. Conclusions: The assessment of residual GH secretory capacity by the GH provocation test is necessary in the long-term follow-up of successfully treated acromegalics since a large proportion of these patients are rendered GH deficient.

Probiotics lower plasma glucose in the high-fat fed C57BL/6J mouse

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Andersson ◽  
C. Bränning ◽  
S. Ahrné ◽  
G. Molin ◽  
J. Alenfall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Early Diabetes

Today, the gut microbiota is considered a key organ in host nutritional metabolism and recent data have suggested that alterations in gut microbiota contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Accordingly, a whole range of beneficial effects relating to inflammation and gut health have been observed following administration of probiotics to both humans and different animal models. The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of an oral probiotic supplement, Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313, to high-fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice, a model of human obesity and early diabetes. The mice were fed the experimental diets for 20 weeks, after which the HFD had induced an insulin-resistant state in both groups compared to the start of the study. The increase in body weight during the HFD feeding was higher in the probiotic group than in the control group, however, there were no significant differences in body fat content. Fasting plasma glucose levels were lower in the group fed the probiotic supplement, whereas insulin and lipids were not different. Caecal levels of short-chain fatty acids were not significantly different between the groups. An oral glucose tolerance test showed that the group fed probiotics had a significantly lower insulin release compared to the control group, although the rate of glucose clearance was not different. Taken together, these data indicate that L. plantarum DSM 15313 has anti-diabetic properties when fed together with an HFD.

A defect in insulin release in women at risk of future non-insulin-dependent diabetes

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Dornhorst ◽  
Simon G. M. Edwards ◽  
Jonathan S. D. Nicholls ◽  
Victor Anyaoku ◽  
Duncan Mclaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Previous Gestational Diabetes

1. A study on seven Caucasian glucose-tolerant women with previous gestational diabetes and seven matched control subjects is presented. The insulin response to oral glucose, insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose production rates were measured by using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, an insulin tolerance test and a non-radioactive tracer, [6,6-2H]glucose, respectively. 2. Fasting plasma glucose levels were similar between the women with previous gestational diabetes and the control subjects (4.8 ± 0.3 versus 4.7 ± 0.2 mmol/l), as were fasting plasma insulin levels (median 4 m-units/l, range 1–13 m-units/l versus median 4 m-units/l, range 1–24 m-units/l). After oral glucose the 60 min plasma glucose levels in the women with previous gestational diabetes were significantly higher (8.5 ± 0.6 versus 6.7 ± 0.8 mmol/l, P < 0.05), whereas the plasma insulin level was significantly lower at both 30 min (median 23 m-units/l, range 4–47 m-units/l versus median 55 m-units/l, range 23–100 m-units/l, P < 0.02) and at 60 min (median 23 m-units/l, range 4–43 m-units/l versus median 60 m-units/l, range 16–126 m-units/l, P< 0.02). 3. Insulin sensitivity, expressed as the slope of the regression line of plasma glucose level against time after intravenous infusion of insulin (0.05 unit/kg), was similar in the women with previous gestational diabetes and the control subjects (mean slope, −0.17 ± 0.01 versus −0.17 ± 0.01). 4. Fasting glucose production rates were similar in the women with previous gestational diabetes and the control subjects (2.2 ± 0.3 versus 1.9 ± 0.1 mg min−1 kg−1). 5. Women with previous gestational diabetes, a group at risk of future non-insulin-dependent diabetes, have abnormalities of insulin release at a time when insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose production are normal.

scholarly journals Simultaneous analyses of carbohydrate-mediated serum GLP-1 and GLP-2 and duodenal receptor expression in children with and without celiac disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628481984275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Rachmiel ◽  
Gilad Ben-Yehudah ◽  
Haim Shirin ◽  
Efrat Broide
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Assignment

Background: Variability in glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 plasma concentrations has been suggested in Celiac disease (CD), with inconclusive results. We assessed the association between serum levels of GLP-1 and GLP-2 and their duodenal receptor expression in children with and without CD. Methods: This was a two-part, cross-sectional and prospective cohort study. Group assignment, performed after duodenal samples for mRNA expression of GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) and GLP-2 receptor (GLP2R), were taken during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The control group consisted of patients with normal endoscopy and negative serology. The CD group consisted of patients with positive serology and endoscopy suggestive of CD. All had an oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT). CD patients underwent a second OGTT after 6 months of a gluten-free diet (GFD). Results: The CD group included 12 patients; 7 males with mean age 9.2 ± 2.5 years. The control group included 10 patients; 5 males with mean age 12 ± 4 years, ( p = 0.14). No differences were detected in basal or peak levels of GLP-1 or GLP-2 between control, naïve CD (before GFD) and treated CD (after GFD) groups. Expression of GLP1R and GLP2R mRNA was similar. Significant positive correlations between glucose and C-peptide secretion ( r = 0.9, p < 0.01) and GLP-1 and GLP-2 ( r = 0.8, p = 0.01) were detected in the control group. Significant negative correlations were found in the naïve CD group between GLP2R expression and glucose secretion ( r = −0.68, p = 0.015) and GLP1R expression and serum GLP-1 ( r = −0.7, p = 0.016). Conclusions: Although no significant differences were detected in secretion patterns or gut receptor expression of GLP-1 and GLP-2 in healthy versus CD pediatric patients, the detected discrepancy between the ligand levels and their tissue receptors requires additional study.

scholarly journals Elevated hepcidin, ferroportin associated with glucose metabolism disorder in midpregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziwen Ma ◽  
Yan Cheng ◽  
Qingying Zhang ◽  
Kui Wu ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorder

Abstract [Objective]: Hepcidin and ferroportin are major regulators of iron metabolism. Although many previous studies have shown that iron metabolism disorder may contribute to the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), few studies have investigated hepcidin and other iron metabolism parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hepcidin, ferroportin and GDM. [Methods]: A case-control study was conducted in 85 women with GDM and 85 women without GDM (controls) who received regular prenatal care at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from October 2015 to May 2016. Serum ferritin (SF), hepcidin (Hepc), ferroportin (FPN), and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), as well as other clinical parameters, were detected and analyzed in all groups. [Results]: The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 1-h and 2-h plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), SF, Hepc, FPN and sTfR as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in the GDM group (P<0.05 for all). In the GDM group, FPN was positively correlated OGTT-1 h and OGTT-2 h In the control group, only sTfR was positively correlated with OGTT-1 h. There was no correlation between the iron metabolism indicators in both GDM and control group.[Conclusion]: Hepc, FPN sRfR and SF levels were higher in the GDM group. Elevated Hepc and FPN are associated with glucose metabolism disorder and may play an important role in GDM.

Effects of resistance exercise on glucose tolerance in normal and glucose-intolerant subjects

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Fluckey ◽  
M. S. Hickey ◽  
J. K. Brambrink ◽  
K. K. Hart ◽  
K. Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Young Control ◽  
Control Subjects

This study was conducted to determine whether improvements in glucose tolerance could be observed after a single bout of resistance exercise in young (27.1 +/- 1.24 yr) control subjects, older (53.3 +/- 1.7 yr) patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and older (50.7 +/- 1.9 yr) age-matched control subjects. Each subject was screened for fitness level and any contraindications to exercise before inclusion in the study. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was administered 2 wk after the subjects were screened, and the subjects were familiarized with the exercise equipment. The maximum weight that could be lifted with one repetition was determined on seven Nautilus machines that utilized the upper and lower body. After a 48-h rest period, a 3-set x 10-repetition protocol based on the subject's one repetition maximum was completed by each participant on each machine. Eighteen hours after the lifting protocol, a second oral glucose tolerance test was administered. There was no change in the pre- to post-exercise glucose levels in any of the treatment groups, but the total insulin responses (area under the curve) of the young control and NIDDM groups were significantly lower after exercise: from 6.93 +/- 0.8 x 10(3) to 5.38 +/- 0.65 x 10(3) pM in the young control group and from 9.83 +/- 1.95 x 10(3) to 7.77 +/- 1.50 x 10(3) pM in the NIDDM group. The postexercise C-peptide levels were unchanged in all groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus glomerata (L.) Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Mohini C. Upadhye ◽  
Uday Deokate ◽  
Rohini Pujari ◽  
Vishnu Thakare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

Background: Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples. It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities. Objective: The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace, was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein and protein concentrations was analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Conclusion: F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Comparison of streptozotocin-induced diabetes at different moments of the life of female rats for translational studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 002367722110018
Author(s):  
Yuri K Sinzato ◽  
Eduardo Klöppel ◽  
Carolina A Miranda ◽  
Verônyca G Paula ◽  
Larissa F Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Term Pregnancy

Animal models are widely used for studying diabetes in translational research. However, methods for induction of diabetes are conflicting with regards to their efficacy, reproducibility and cost. A comparison of outcomes between the diabetic models is still unknown, especially full-term pregnancy.To understand the comparison, we analyzed the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes at three life-different moments during the neonatal period in Sprague–Dawley female rats: at the first (D1), second (D2) and fifth (D5) day of postnatal life. At adulthood (90 days; D90), the animals were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetic status confirmation. The diabetic and control rats were mated and sacrificed at full-term pregnancy for different analyses. Group D1 presented a higher mortality percentage after STZ administration than groups D2 and D5. All diabetic groups presented higher blood glucose levels as compared to those of the control group, while group D5 had higher levels of glycemia compared with other groups during OGTT. The diabetic groups showed impaired reproductive outcomes compared with the control group. Group D1 had lower percentages of mated rats and D5 showed a lower percentage of a full-term pregnancy. Besides that, these two groups also showed the highest percentages of inadequate fetal weight. In summary, although all groups fulfill the diagnosis criteria for diabetes in adult life, in our investigation diabetes induced on D5 presents lower costs and higher efficacy and reproducibility for studies involving diabetes-complicated pregnancy.

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