Self-Paced Walking as a Method for Exercise Testing in Elderly and Young Men

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Joan Bassey ◽  
P. H. Fentem ◽  
I. C. MacDonald ◽  
Patricia M. Scriven
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Performance

1. An exercise test has been developed which is suitable for elderly or frail subjects. It is based on free walking at three different speeds on a level indoor course of 256 m. The subject sets his own pace in accord with simple instructions. 2. Twenty-four elderly men and ten young men took part in the study. 3. The time and number of paces taken to cover two sections of 100 m within the course were used to establish that the subjects walked steadily. Walking speed, pace frequency and stride length were then calculated. 4. Heart rate was obtained with body-borne tape recorders and related to the walking speed. The heart rate at a standard walking speed could then be obtained by interpolation. This is an assessment of the cardiovascular response to exercise (physical condition). The variation on repeating the test was ±5% and there was no significant difference between the two age groups. 5. The assessment was found to correlate moderately well with a conventional assessment of physical condition based on oxygen uptake from tests on a bicycle ergometer. 6. The test could also be used as a performance index since walking speed was characteristic for the subject. The younger group walked significantly faster than the older group. As a performance index the test is therefore sensitive to age differences.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Does body position, age, and heart rate induce IOP’s changes?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110233
Author(s):  
Marcelina Sobczak ◽  
Magdalena Asejczyk ◽  
Malwina Geniusz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Second Runner on Pacing Strategy and RPE During a Running Time Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deryn Bath ◽  
Louise A. Turner ◽  
Andrew N. Bosch ◽  
Ross Tucker ◽  
Estelle V. Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Performance Times ◽  
Subject Performance

Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine performance, pacing strategy and perception of effort during a 5 km time trial while running with or without the presence of another athlete.Methods:Eleven nonelite male athletes participated in five 5 km time trials: two self-paced, maximal effort trials performed at the start and end of the study, and three trials performed in the presence of a second runner. In the three trials, the second runner ran either in front of the subject, behind the subject, or next to the subject. Performance times, heart rate, RPE, and a subjective assessment of the effect of the second runner on the athlete’s performance were recorded during each of the trials.Results:There was no significant difference in performance times, heart rate or RPE between any of the five trials. Running speed declined from the 1st to the 4th kilometer and then increased for the last kilometer in all five trials. Following the completion of all trials, 9 of the 11 subjects perceived it to be easier to complete the 5 km time trial with another runner in comparison with running alone.Conclusions:While the athletes perceived their performance to be improved by the presence of another runner, their pacing strategy, running speed, heart rate and RPE were not significantly altered. These findings indicate that an athlete’s subconscious pacing strategy is robust and is not altered by the presence of another runner.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Response to Defecating Postures with and without Valsalva Maneuver in Healthy Individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 010-014
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bhagat ◽  
Mariya Jiandani ◽  
Amita Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Rubber Tube ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Aims: To assess the cardiovascular response to defecating postures of bridging and sitting lean forward with and without Valsalva maneuver in healthy individuals. Study design: Prospective interventional cross-over study in healthy population. Study material: Stop watch, Rubber tube, Nostril clip, Pillow, Mercury Sphygmomanometer, Cardioscope (Model no.: Iris 50, Maestros company). Materials and methods: A total of 100 healthy individuals participated in the study. They maintained sitting lean forward and in bridging position for 5 minutes with and without Valsalva maneuver. Valsalva maneuver was performed at 40 mm Hg pressure for 15 seconds. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Mean arterial pressure and rate pressure product were derived. Data analysis: The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v 16. Shapiro–Wilk test was used to test normality, and nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used with p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Sitting in lean forward position showed statistical significant increase in heart rate (p < 0.05) compared to bridging position with Valsalva maneuver. There was a significant rise in blood pressure with bridging as compared to sitting lean forward with Valsalva. There was no statistically significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure between sitting lean forward position and bridging position without Valsalva maneuver. Conclusion: Sitting lean forward position and bridging position increase hemodynamic load compared to relaxed sitting posture. With Valsalva maneuver sitting lean forward posture causes greater rise in heart rate compared to bridging position.

scholarly journals Limb flexion-extension counter using IR proximity sensor

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
P Lakshmi Prabha ◽  
Vishal R. Nair ◽  
Aishwarya Nair ◽  
Sayan Debroy ◽  
Sonalika Debroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Proximity Sensor ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rate Sensor ◽  
Limb Flexion

People belonging to different age groups whosuffered fractures, temporary limb paralysis, paraplegia and monoplegia and various stages of hypertension (High BP) need to carry out physiotherapy to regain motor control in the limb(s). So this limb flexion extension counter can assist the subject to exercise properly and independently recover with ease. This device will help to monitor parameters such as heart rate, temperature and limb flexion-extension counts. This device can detect the skin temperature while doing exercises using LM35 temperature sensor. The instrument has Arduino UNO as its microcontroller and four sensors mainly an IR heart rate sensor, LM35 temperature sensor, IR proximity sensor for limb flexion-extension counter. A cuff pressure sensor used for measuring the pressure applied to the cuff. The cuff is inflated and fixed the sensors to the upper arm. On flexing the lower arm, the IR proximity sensor generates a light output denoting a count which is displayed in the LCD display. The heart rate sensor and temperature sensor is used for assessing the subject’s vital parameters while exercising. In conclusion doing more exercise causes rise in heart rate and if it goes beyond 90-100 beats per minute exercising should be stopped.

Estimation of Time to Vehicle Arrival—Effects of Age on Use of Available Visual Information

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 947-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Errol R Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Vehicle Velocity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
The Subject

Subjects estimated time of vehicle arrival while viewing twenty-four film clips of an approaching vehicle, half with a constant viewing time of 4.2 s and half with a constant vehicle-movement distance of 40 m. The distances from the subject at which the film ended were 20, 60, and 100 m. Speeds of approach varied between 7.45 and 15.44 ms−1. Performance was strongly dependent on age of the subject. Subjects in the 5-6-year-old group made estimates based on the distance of the vehicle; at 7 – 8 years an interaction between the effects of distance and velocity appeared and for 9–10-year-olds there was a main effect of the vehicle velocity. Only for adults was the information from distance and velocity fully integrated. There was no significant difference between males and females for any of the age groups. Performance of adults was very similar to that reported by other authors in that subjects underestimated the time to arrival of the vehicle, with estimated times about 60% of the actual times. Standard deviations of the estimated times were such that a small percentage of subjects overestimated times and hence would have caused a collision if they had proceeded with a crossing. The mechanism of time estimation was strongly dependent on the angular velocity of the vehicle subtended at the eye of the observer. This must exceed a threshold value of about 0.002 rad s_1 (adults) if a linear relationship between estimated and actual times is to be obtained.

An Examination of Efficiency during Walking in Children and Adults

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine J. Ebbeling ◽  
Joseph Hamill ◽  
Patty S. Freedson ◽  
Thomas W. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Work Done

This study compared metabolic, kinematic, and efficiency parameters in 10 boys and 10 men while walking at speeds of similar relative intensities. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were monitored throughout the exercise and a sagittal view of the subject was filmed for biomechanical analysis. Angles of the hip, knee, and ankle changed with an increase in walking speed. There were kinematic differences between children and adults at the hip and knee. Heart rate and oxygen consumption (ml•kg−1•min−1) were greater in the children. There were no significant differences between children and adults when VO2 was normalized by body surface area rather than body mass. The work done by the body was greater in the adults, whereas the energy used was greater in the children. Therefore the children appeared less efficient. The reasons for the efficiency difference are not well documented. Scaling effects may be involved and therefore should be taken into consideration when comparing children and adults.

scholarly journals PO-268 Heart rate variability to assess ventilatory threshold in overweight young men

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanye Huang ◽  
Mingling Pan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Individualized Training

Objective The individualized training intensity is important in the prevention of overweight and obesity. Our study compared heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), and work load (WL) corresponded to the anaerobic threshold during an incremental cycling test between ventilatory (VT) and heart rate variability threshold (HRVT) methods. Further, we examined the validity of three heart rate variability analyses to assess VT in overweight young men. Methods Sixteen overweight young men (age 21.1±1.7 years, height 175.3±5.5 cm, weight 84.0±6.7kg, body mass index 27.3±1.2 kg/m2, VO2peak33.6±4.3ml/min/kg ) performed a gradual exercise test on a cycle ergometer (Lode Corival，Lode B.V.，Groningen，Newtherlands).The protocol started at 30 W for 2 minutes with subsequent increments of 30 W every 2 minutes until exhaustion. During test, gas exchanges (VO2, VCO2) and ventilation (VE) were measured by breath-by-breath using Metamax 3B portable analyzer (CORTEX, Biophysik GmbH，Leipzig，Germany).  The ventilatory threshold (VT) was identified as the point at which VE for O2 began to rise without a concomitant rise in ventilator equivalent for CO2. The R-R intervals were continuously recorded using a Polar RS800cx HR monitor(Kempele, Finland). HRV data were further analyzed by Kubios HRV analysis software (Kuopio, Finland) based on time-domain (RMSSD) , Poincare plots(SD1) and time-varying spectral (fHF×HFP) methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Normal distribution of variables was verified by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The relationship between HRVT variables and VT was assessed using paired t-test and Pearson’s production correlation. The magnitude of concordance between the methods was further evaluated by Bland-Altman plots. Results No significant difference was witnessed in HR, VO2, and WL related to AT between HRVT and VT methods（P<0.05）. The relationships were found between the methods to determine the AT for all variables analyzed (r=0.40-0.91). Additionally, the Bland-Altman plots revealed that findings showing narrow limits of agreement present for fHF×HFP and the VT whilst the association between RMSSD, SD1 and VT showed wider limits. Conclusions The estimation of the HRVT, especially derived through the time-varying spectral (fHF×HFP), may be a noninvasive and more robust method to determine the VT, which could be used to adapt individualized training intensity to overweight young men for training prescription.  

scholarly journals Optimum distance for voice navigation in walking support system for visually impaired

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Akinari Ohfuji ◽  
Yoshihiro Taniura ◽  
Dai Hanawa ◽  
Kimio Oguchi
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
White Cane

Voice navigation with information and communication technologies allows the visually impaired (VI) to grasp the current situation promptly. While instruction prior to the action e.g. turning a corner, seems to be effective, the optimum lead distance remains unclear. This paper verifies experimentally the optimum lead distance to support VI while walking. In the experiment, each subject (normal vision) walked while wearing an eye mask to simulate VI, holding a white cane, and received voice guidance. After each trial, the subject scored the lead distance in terms of acceptability. 28 young healthy males/females participated. Results showed the highest score was for 3 m while the lowest was for 5 m. Distance range with score over 3 (average) was 2 to 4 m. No clear significant difference was observed in terms of subject height. As walking speed was around 0.55 m/s, 1 m was deemed insufficient. 5 m or more seemed to be too long as subjects failed to predict accurately how far they had moved. This experiment verified that VI voice navigation turn instructions are effective if given more than 1m and less than 4 m before the turning point.

Research Note: Reduction of Muscular Fatigue Associated with Repetitive Light Assembly Operations by Means of Arm Counterbalancing

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Kassab
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Muscular Fatigue ◽  
Assembly Task ◽  
Sustained Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Assembly Operations ◽  
Muscular Effort

The muscular effort required to perform a light assembly task was monitored by electromyography on each of 14 female subjects under two different methods of assembly. First, the conventional method was studied with the arms unsupported. The second method involved counterbalancing the weight of the arms. A highly significant difference was found between methods, thus indicating that, during sustained activity, muscular effort can be reduced approximately 50% by counterbalancing the weight of the arms. Also, the onset of physiological fatigue is indefinitely delayed, if not completely eliminated, by the utilization of this technique. A comparison between age groups showed little difference attributable to the age of the subject.

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