A Comparison of Natriuresis after Oral and Intravenous Sodium Loading in Sodium-Depleted Rabbits: Evidence for a Gastrointestinal or Portal Monitor of Sodium Intake

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lennane ◽  
W. S. Peart ◽  
R. M. Carey ◽  
J. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Portal Circulation ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Sodium Loading ◽  
Portal Monitor ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Intravenous Sodium

1. Rabbits in balance on a low sodium diet were given doses of sodium chloride either orally or intravenously. 2. Those receiving oral doses responded with a much greater natriuresis than those receiving intravenous ones. 3. This could be explained by the existence of a sodium input monitor somewhere in the gut or portal circulation.

A Comparison of Natriuresis after Oral and Intravenous Sodium Loading in Sodium-Depleted Man: Evidence for a Gastrointestinal or Portal Monitor of Sodium Intake

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lennane ◽  
R. M. Carey ◽  
T. J. Goodwin ◽  
W. S. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Portal Monitor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intravenous Sodium

1. Dietary sodium reduction in man is followed by rapid conservation of sodium by the kidneys. The rapidity of this response suggests that the gastrointestinal tract is involved in early recognition of changes in sodium intake or in mediation of the compensatory response. 2. In order to test the hypothesis, 100 mmol of sodium was given to normal volunteers in balance on a low-sodium diet (5 mmol/24 h): the dose was given either orally or intravenously. 3. Those who received their sodium orally excreted it more rapidly than those who received it intravenously and the difference was most marked in the first 8 h after the dose. 4. This finding is consistent with the presence of an input receptor for sodium in the gastrointestinal tract.

Gastrointestinal control of sodium excretion in sodium-depleted conscious rabbits

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (6) ◽  
pp. 1504-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Carey ◽  
Smith ◽  
EM Ortt
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Renal Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Loading ◽  
Conscious Rabbits ◽  
Intravenous Sodium ◽  
Oral Sodium

Recent studies of sodium-depleted rabbits have shown that oral sodium loading is followed by greater natriuresis than intravenous sodium loading. The present study was undertaken to determine if this is dependent on differences in aldosterone excretion. Rabbits in balance on a low-sodium diet were given bolus doses of sodium either orally or intravenously. Those receiving oral sodium responded with a greater natriuresis than those receiving it intravenously. No differences in aldosterone excretion were demonstrated after oral or intravenous sodium repletion. Rabbits given large doses of exogenous aldosterone continued to excrete more sodium after oral than after intravenous repletion. This study demonstrates that in rabbits the gastrointestinal tract functions to regulate renal sodium excretion and that the mechanism is independent of aldosterone.

Abstract 17541: An Education Intervention Focused on Self-monitoring for Symptom and Sodium Intake Improves Adherence to the Low Sodium Diet and Health Outcome in Patients with Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Kyeung Song ◽  
Debra K Moser ◽  
Seok-Min Kang ◽  
Terry A Lennie
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Background: Despite the clinical emphasis on recommending a low sodium diet (LSD), adherence to a LSD remains poor in patients with heart failure (HF). Additional research is needed to determine successful interventions to improve adherence to a LSD and health outcomes. Purpose: To determine the effect of an education intervention on adherence to a LSD and health outcomes. Method: A total of 109 HF patients (age 64±9 years, 29% female) who were non-adherent to LSD, indicating > 3g of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (24hr UNa) at baseline, were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: 1) symptom monitoring and restricted 3 gram sodium diet (SMART) group, 2) the telephone monitoring (TM) group, or 3) usual care control group. The SMART group received individualized teaching and guidance of self-monitoring for worsening symptom and sodium intake using symptom and food diary for 4 sessions over 8 weeks. Patients assigned to either of the 2 intervention groups (SMART or TM) received phone calls every 2 weeks over 8 weeks. At 6 months follow-up, adherence to a LSD was assessed using 24hr UNa. Patients were followed for 1 year to determine time to first event of hospitalization or death due to cardiac problems. Repeated measures ANOVA and Cox regression were used to determine the effect of intervention. Results: The SMART group (n=37) showed a significant reduction in sodium intake across time compared to the TM group (n=35) and control group (n=37) (p= .022). In the Cox regression, patients in the SMART group had longer cardiac event-free survival compared to the control group after controlling for age, gender, ejection fraction, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, and better blocker use (p=.008). Conclusion: An education intervention focused on self-monitoring for symptom and sodium intake improved adherence to LSD and health outcomes in patients with HF. Helping patients engage in self-monitoring for symptom and sodium intake by themselves can promote better health outcome.

Adrenergic control of renin during dietary sodium deprivation in conscious dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. E863-E871 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hisa ◽  
Y. H. Chen ◽  
K. J. Radke ◽  
J. L. Izzo ◽  
C. D. Sladek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Dietary Sodium Restriction

These experiments evaluated the contribution of alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation to plasma renin activity (PRA) during early and long-term dietary sodium restriction, compared with normal sodium intake. Uninephrectomized conscious dogs with catheters in the aorta, vena cava, and remaining renal artery were studied during normal sodium diet (approximately 70 meq/day), after 2-3 days of low-sodium diet (5-7 meq/day), and after greater than or equal to 2 wk of low-sodium diet. Direct renal arterial (ira) infusion of phenoxybenzamine plus propranolol decreased PRA by similar proportions (39-48%) during all three states of dietary sodium intake. The PRA achieved after adrenergic blockade remained higher (P less than 0.05) during early and long-term sodium restriction than during normal sodium intake. The effect on PRA of ira infusion of propranolol alone was not different from that of phenoxybenzamine plus propranolol during normal or low-sodium diet, and the magnitude of decrease in PRA during low-sodium diet was the same whether propranolol (1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) was infused ira or intravenously. In summary, beta-adrenergic stimulation accounts for similar proportions of PRA during early and long-term dietary sodium restriction and during normal sodium intake. Renal alpha-adrenoceptors appear to play little or no role in control of PRA under these conditions.

Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid Angiotensin II by Sodium Intake in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Kawamura ◽  
Yuhei Kawano ◽  
Kaoru Yoshida ◽  
Masahito Imanishi ◽  
Satoshi Akabane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium

1. Angiotensin (ANG) levels were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of 15 patients with essential hypertension on a high sodium diet for 1 week and on a low sodium diet for a further week. ANGs were determined using a system of extraction by Sep-Pak cartridges followed by h.p.l.c. combined with radioimmunoassay. 2. Sodium depletion resulted in increases of ANG II in the cerebrospinal fluid from 1.16 ± 0.38 (sem) to 1.83 ± 0.43 fmol/ml (P < 0.01) and of ANG III from 0.65 ± 0.11 to 0.86 ± 0.15 fmol/ml (P < 0.01). 3. The ANG II level in the cerebrospinal fluid was found to be unchanged and recovery of added ANG II was approximately 90%, even after incubation for 3 h, on both diets. Thus, it is unlikely that ANG II is produced or degraded in the cerebrospinal fluid in vitro. 4. There was no significant correlation between the cerebrospinal fluid and the plasma ANG II concentration on the low sodium diet. 5. These results suggest that the cerebrospinal fluid ANG II level increases with sodium depletion, and that the effect of the level of ANG II on the activity of the angiotensin-forming system in the central nervous system may be assessed by determination of ANG II in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with essential hypertension.

Effect of Captopril on Renal Vascular Tone in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 421s-423s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mimran ◽  
H. R. Brunner ◽  
G. A. Turini ◽  
B. Waeber ◽  
D. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Renal Vascular ◽  
Renal Vascular Tone

1. The effect of acute inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by captopril (50 mg) on renal haemodynamics and function was assessed in nine patients with essential hypertension on unrestricted sodium intake (n = 8) or low sodium diet (n = 1). 2. Captopril induced a rapid and significant decrease in arterial pressure, which was maximal within 60 min. 3. Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) increased, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change and filtration fraction (FF) decreased after captopril. No change in sodium excretion and a decrease in urinary potassium occurred. 4. In the patient on low sodium diet, captopril induced striking increases in GFR and ERPF (64 and 106% respectively). 5. The logarithm of baseline plasma renin activity was positively correlated with the change in ERPF and negatively correlated with changes in FF and renal resistance. 6. The results indicate that in patients with essential hypertension angiotensin participates actvely in the maintenance of renal vascular tone at the efferent arteriolar level. A possible influence of kinins remains to be defined.

The Effect of a Reduced Sodium Intake on Post-Renal Transplantation Hypertension in Rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. De Keijzer ◽  
A. P. Provoost ◽  
E. D. Wolff ◽  
W. J. Kort ◽  
I. M. Weijma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium

1. In an experimental model of post-renal transplantation hypertension in rats, we studied the effect of a reduction of sodium intake on the development of this type of hypertension. 2. Systolic blood pressure, plasma- renin concentration and renal function were measured regularly in recipients of an allogeneic kidney transplant that had previously undergone active immunological enhancement. 3. Transplant recipients on a normal diet showed a rise in systolic blood pressure during the second week after transplantation. The systolic blood pressure of recipients on a low sodium diet remained normotensive throughout the 15 weeks follow-up period. 4. The plasma renin concentration was low in the hypertensive recipients on a normal diet, as compared with unilaterally nephrectomized controls. Although the plasma renin concentration of recipients on a low sodium diet fell below that of unilaterally nephrectomized controls on a low sodium diet, it was higher than that of recipients on a normal diet. 5. The renal function of transplant recipients was greatly reduced compared with that of control rats. The glomerular filtration rate was reduced to a greater extent than the effective renal plasma flow. 6. In a separate experiment it was revealed that a similar reduction in the glomerular filtration rate of kidneys permanently damaged by temporary ischaemia did not result in an increase in the systolic blood pressure. 7. Survival up to 6 weeks after transplantation was the same for both groups of recipients. Recipients on a low sodium diet, however, showed a better 15 weeks survival, probably owing to the absence of hypertension in this group. 8. The prevention of the development of hypertension by means of a reduction of sodium intake, points to an involvement of sodium retention in this post-transplantation hypertension model.

scholarly journals Effects of sodium intake on lactation and Na levels in body fluids of Blackface ewes

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel C. Vincent ◽  
H. Ll. Williams ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
K Concentration

1. A low-sodium diet was given to Blackface ewes over two reproductive seasons; the diet provided 3–7 mmol Na daily, except for the period of lactation, when Na intake was increased to around 11 mmol/d. The diet of the control ewes was supplemented with sodium chloride to provide the recommended allowance of about ten times the level in the experimental low-Na diet.2. Milk production was assessed during the first 2 months of lactation from incremental changes in the live weight of lambs during controlled sucking periods. Na and potassium were determined in milk and also in plasma, saliva and urine.3. Neither yield nor concentration of Na and K in milk was affected by the level of Na in the diet. These results were supported by the similarity in live-weight gain of lambs in both years regardless of diet.4. Plasma Na and K concentrations were not affected by the level of dietary Na. Na concentration in saliva and urine was significantly lower in the treated than in the control ewes, and K concentration in saliva was significantly higher.

Sodium Excretion in Man, and Adaptation to a Low-Sodium Diet: Effect of Intravenous Sodium Chloride

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gordon ◽  
W. S. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Renal Sodium Excretion ◽  
Portal Monitor ◽  
Intravenous Sodium ◽  
Oral Sodium

1. The aim of this study was to test whether a postulated gastrointestinal or portal monitor of sodium intake plays any part in adjusting renal sodium excretion when dietary sodium is reduced. 2. Normal male subjects were given 50 mmol of sodium chloride intravenously three times daily for 3 days to replace or to supplement a constant oral intake of sodium chloride. 3. When oral sodium chloride was replaced with intravenous sodium chloride, renal sodium excretion remained constant. 4. When oral sodium chloride was kept constant, sodium administered as intravenous sodium chloride was promptly excreted in three out of four subjects. There was a delay in the increase in sodium excretion in the fourth subject. 5. Infusions containing 50 mmol of sodium chloride in 50 ml given intravenously over 22 min produced a rise in plasma sodium concentration and a fall in concentration of total plasma solids. 6. These results provide no evidence for a gastrointestinal or portal monitor of sodium intake, but do not disprove the existence of such a monitor.

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