Permanent Hypertension after Renal Homotransplantation in Man

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Grünfeld ◽  
D. Kleinknecht ◽  
J. F. Moreau ◽  
P. Kamoun ◽  
J. Sabto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Renin Release ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Arteriovenous Difference

1. In forty-one patients who underwent renal homotransplantation the following measurements were made: (a) blood flow and its distribution in the transplanted kidney as measured by the 85Kr washout method; (b) renin release in the renal vein of the transplant; (c) arteriovenous difference in plasma renin activity (PRA) of the recipient's remaining left kidney. 2. Eleven transplanted patients were normotensive. Renal haemodynamic data were comparable with those obtained in potential kidney donors. 3. Three hypertensive patients had chronic rejection. The mean renal blood flow and the percentage of flow in the first component of the washout curve were reduced. Renin release from the transplant, however, was normal. 4. Ten hypertensive patients had transplant artery stenosis. In eight of them renin release from the graft as well as peripheral PRA were within normal range. This result is similar to experimental data obtained in Goldblatt renovascular hypertension. The two patients with the tightest artery stenosis had an elevated renin release from the transplant. 5. Thirteen hypertensive patients had elevated arteriovenous difference in PRA of the recipient's own left kidney. Peripheral PRA was significantly higher than in normotensive patients. Left nephrectomy relieved hypertension in ten of them; three have not so far undergone nephrectomy. 6. In four other cases hypertension was also relieved by removal of the patient's own kidney; however, the arteriovenous difference in PRA of that kidney fell within normal range.

Abstract 9839: Beta Blockers Improve Renal Tissue Oxygenation in Hypertensive Patients Suspected of Renal Artery Stenosis

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E Hall ◽  
Michael V Rocco ◽  
Timothy M Morgan ◽  
Craig A Hamilton ◽  
Jennifer H Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Blocker Therapy ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Background: Chronic renal hypoxia influences the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance (MR) is a noninvasive tool for assessment of renal tissue oxygenation. Beta blockers reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD and systolic heart failure, however the mechanisms of this benefit remain unclear. We sought to determine the association between beta blocker use, renal cortical and medullary oxygenation, and renal blood flow in hypertensive patients suspected of renal artery stenosis. Hypothesis: Chronic receipt of beta blockers will be associated with improved renal tissue oxygenation as assessed by BOLD MR. Methods: We measured renal cortical and medullary oxygenation using BOLD MR and renal artery blood flow using MR phase contrast techniques in 38 participants suspected of renal artery stenosis. Results: Chronic beta blocker therapy was associated with improved renal cortical (p=0.0007) and medullary (p=0.03) oxygenation (Figure). Receipt of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers was associated with reduced medullary oxygenation (p=0.01). In a multivariable model including gender, hemoglobin, diabetes, loop diuretic use, and mineralocorticoid use, chronic receipt of beta blockers was the only significant predictor of renal tissue oxygenation (β= 8.4, p=0.008). Conclusions: Beta blocker therapy was associated with improved renal oxygenation independent of renal blood flow suggesting may these findings may be related to reduced renal oxygen consumption. In addition to their known benefits to reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients with renal disease, beta blockers may reduce or prevent progression of renal dysfunction in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and renovascular disease. These observations may have important implications for treatment of patients with CKD.

Thyroid Circulation in the Rabbit Including Arteriovenous Difference

1958 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen F. Monkus ◽  
E. P. Reineke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Arteriovenous Difference

Thyroidal I-131 clearance and arteriovenous difference, together with urinary excretion of I-131, were determined in 19 rabbits maintained for varying periods on a low iodine diet. Absolute blood flow was computed by dividing thyroidal I-131 clearance by AV difference. Thyroid cell heights were measured as an independent index of thyroid status. The rabbits were divided into two distinct groups on the basis of acinar cell heights: Group I with mean cell heights of 4.1–5.2 micra and group II with mean cell heights of 6.9–8.9 micra. Group I had a mean clearance of 0.43 gm blood/min. and a mean thyroid/urinary (T/U) ratio for I-131 of 3.1. The mean AV difference was 25%. Absolute and relative blood flows averaged 2.0 gm/min. and 6.1 gm/ min/gm thyroid, respectively. Group II had a T/U ratio of 40 and mean clearance of 4.3 gm/min. Mean AV difference was increased to 57%. Absolute and relative blood flows averaged 7.9 gm/min. and 22 gm/min/gm thyroid, respectively. All of the indices listed were significantly higher ( P = 0.02) in group II than in group I. Absolute thyroid circulation was significantly correlated with T/U ratio ( r = 0.87), but relative thyroid circulation was not. Relative blood flow was significantly correlated with mean acinar cell height ( r = 0.68), but absolute blood flow was not.

Noradrenaline Secretion by the Human Kidney

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 85s-87s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. De Leeuw ◽  
H. E. Falke ◽  
R. Punt ◽  
W. H. Birkenhäger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
Noradrenaline Secretion ◽  
Propranolol Treatment ◽  
Arteriovenous Difference ◽  
Xenon Washout

1. In 20 subjects with uncomplicated essential hypertension, 10 of whom were on propranolol treatment, several blood samples were drawn simultaneously from the renal artery and vein after angiographic studies. In these samples we determined concentrations of noradrenaline, active renin, aldosterone and cortisol. 2. Renal blood flow was measured in all patients by Hippuran-clearance and xenon-washout. 3. Despite marked variations in the arteriovenous difference of noradrenaline, it was apparent in both groups that the kidney is able to release noradrenaline. 4. In the propranolol-treated group noradrenaline secretion by the kidney was enhanced when compared with untreated hypertensive patients.

scholarly journals BLOOD VELOCITY IN FUNCTION OF ARTERIOLES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
O. B. Poselyugina ◽  
V. S. Volkov ◽  
E. V. Rudenko ◽  
N. Al Ghalban
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Essential Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Flow Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design And Methods

Objective. To study blood velocity in arterioles in hypertensive patients by doppler. Design and methods. We assessed blood velocity in 90 patients with essential arterial hypertension (AH) and in 83 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with AH («Minimax-Doppler-K»), and in 102 control subjects: during systole (Vs, cm/s), diastole (Vd, cm/s) and during the mean blood flow cycle (Vm, cm/s). Then spontaneous changes of blood velocity were recorded during 1 minute. In patients with DM2 association between blood velocity and disease duration was studied. In 43 hypertensive patients Vsand Vdwere defined after treatment. Results. Hypertensive patients had the highest blood velocity, lower values were defined in healthy people, and hypertensive subjects with DM2demonstrated the lowest blood velocity. Fluctuations in blood velocity during systole were the highest in healthy people, less in hypertensives and the smallest in subjects with DM2 and AH. Variations of blood velocity during diastole were the highest in AH patients, less in patients with DM2 with AH and the least in healthy subjects. Blood velocity in arterioles is lower in patients with the longer duration of DM2. In treated hypertensive patients blood velocity in arterioles reduces. Conclusion. By assessment of blood flow velocity in arterioles we can evaluate the functional state of these vessels in hypertensive patients.

Dietary chloride modifies renin release in normal humans

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (4) ◽  
pp. F361-F363 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Koletsky ◽  
R. G. Dluhy ◽  
R. G. Cheron ◽  
G. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Renin Release ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Normal Humans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Induced Changes

The effect of high and low chloride diets on the responses of plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (ANG II), and aldosterone (Aldo) to upright posture was studied in the same normal subjects in balance on constant sodium intake. Diet 1 consisted of 10 meq Na/day (low Na) and either 50 or 150 meq Cl/day. Diet 2 consisted of 200 meq Na/day (high Na) and either 20 or 200 meq Cl/day. The mean recumbent PRA level on the high Na-high Cl diet tended to be lower than on the high Na-low Cl diet but was not significantly different. However, the absolute peak upright PRA levels, 8.8 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.8 ng . ml-1 . h-1, and the incremental difference (delta PRA) between recumbent and peak upright PRA levels, 5.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.5 ng . ml-1 . h-1, were significantly less on the high Na-high Cl diet compared with the high Na-low Cl diet. Similar significant changes were seen in ANG II and Aldo levels. However, there were no significant changes in PRA, ANG II, and Aldo responses to upright posture on the low Na diet when the dietary Cl was varied. It is concluded that dietary Cl is another factor modifying renin release. However, Cl is probably less important than Na because Cl-induced changes in PRA were not seen in the low salt state.

Effect of intrarenal administration of dopamine on renin release in conscious dogs

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. H39-H45 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mizoguchi ◽  
V. J. Dzau ◽  
L. G. Siwek ◽  
A. C. Barger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Renin Release ◽  
Dopamine Antagonists ◽  
Vasodilatory Action

We investigated the effect of intrarenal administration of dopamine on renin release in conscious dogs. Dopamine in doses ranging from 0.28 to 3.0 micrograms . kg(-1) . min(-1) produced a significant increase in systemic plasma renin activity (PRA) and renin secretion rate without altering systemic blood pressure. Dopamine also induced renal vasodilatation and natriuresis within this dose range. To determine if the dopamine-induced renin release is related to its vasodilatory action, two other vasodilators, papaverine and acetylcholine, were infused into the renal artery, but neither, in doses that produced a rise in renal blood flow similar to that of dopamine, had any effect on PRA. As dopamine can activate alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in addition to dopaminergic receptors, experiments were also performed to characterize the type of receptors involved in dopamine-induced renin release. Intrarenal infusion of sulpiride and haloperidol, dopamine antagonists, significantly inhibited dopamine-induced renin release and renal vasodilatation. In contrast, intrarenal infusion of propranolol failed to alter dopamine-induced rise in PRA or renal blood flow. Simultaneous infusion of phentolamine and dopamine, on the other hand, produced a significant potentiation of dopamine-induced renin release and renal vasodilatation. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that dopamine is capable of inducing renin release and renal vasodilatation in conscious dogs. Moreover, such actions of dopamine are mediated through activation of specific dopamine receptors in the kidney. Finally, we present evidence for the existence of the intrarenal alpha-adrenergic mechanism that is inhibitory to renin release.

scholarly journals Sonographic Assessment of the Normal Dimensions of Liver, Spleen, and Kidney in Healthy Children at Tertiary Care Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. Thapa ◽  
S. Shah ◽  
A. Pradhan ◽  
K. Rijal ◽  
A. Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Kidney Length ◽  
The Mean

Background Ultrasonography is one of the most common imaging modality to measure dimensions of visceral organs in children. However, the normal limit of size of visceral organs according to age and body habitus has not been specified in the standard textbooks. This might result in under detection of organomegaly in pediatrics population.Objective The objective of this study was to determine the normal range of dimensions for the liver, spleen, and kidney in healthy children.Method This is prospective cross-sectional, hospital-based study done at Tertiary-care teaching hospital. Participants included 272 pediatric subjects (152 male and 120 female) with normal physical or sonographic findings who were examined because of problems unrelated to the measured organs. The subjects were one month to 15 year (180 months) old. All measured organs were sonographically normal. Relationships of the dimensions of these organs with sex, age, body weight and height were investigated. Limits of normal dimensions of these organs were defined.Result Normal length of liver, kidneys and spleen were obtained sonographically for 272 children (152 male [55.9%] and 120 female [44.1%]) in the age group from 1 months to 15 (180 months) years. The mean age was 45.78 months (SD, 44.73). The measured dimensions of all these organs showed highest correlation with height and age so the descriptive analysis of the organ dimensions (mean, minimum, and maximum values, SD and 5th and 95th percentiles) were expressed in 10 age groups along with height range of the included children. The mean length of right kidney was shorter than the left kidney length, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001).Conclusion This study provides practical and comprehensive guide to the normal visceral organ dimension in pediatric population. The normal range limit of the liver, spleen, and kidney determined in this study could be used as a reference in daily practice in local radiology clinics.

scholarly journals Splanchnic blood flow in essential hypertension and in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis.

Circulation ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
F H Messerli ◽  
J Genest ◽  
W Nowaczynski ◽  
O Kuchel ◽  
M Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow ◽  
Hypertensive Patients
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