Increased Glucuronidation of Bilirubin in Man and Rat by Administration of Antipyrine (Phenazone)

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-518
Author(s):  
M. L'E. Orme ◽  
L. Davies ◽  
A. Breckenridge
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Microsomal Protein ◽  
Affinity Constant ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Contrast Administration ◽  
Significant Difference

1. Antipyrine in a dose of 3·2 mmol (600 mg) daily for 6 weeks produced a significant fall in both total and unconjugated serum bilirubin concentrations in six patients with Gilbert's syndrome. The maximum reduction in serum bilirubin concentration was seen after 2 weeks of treatment. 2. In the rat, administration of antipyrine in doses of 0·42 and 1·27 mmol 24 h−1 kg−1 (80 and 240 mg 24 h−1 kg−1) for 84 h caused a significant increase in the apparent maximal velocity (Vmax.) for the glucuronidation of bilirubin by liver microsomal preparations when the concentration of either uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA) or bilirubin was altered. There was no significant difference between the apparent Vmax. values attained with the two doses of antipyrine in either set of experiments. Neither the microsomal protein content nor the apparent affinity constant (Km) was altered in these studies. 3. In contrast, administration of phenobarbitone in doses of 0·34 mmol 24 h−1 kg−1 (80 mg 24 h−1 kg−1) caused a significant increase in the microsomal protein content but there was no significant change in the values for the apparent Vmax. or apparent Km for the glucuronidation of bilirubin with various concentrations of both UDPGA and bilirubin.

Study of Gilbert's Syndrome-Associated UGT1A1 Polymorphism in Jaundiced Neonates of ABO Incompatibility Hemolysis Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (06) ◽  
pp. 652-658
Author(s):  
Yingfang Yu ◽  
Lizhong Du ◽  
An Chen ◽  
Lihua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Level ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Ugt1a1 Gene ◽  
Abo Incompatibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abo Hemolytic Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess the probable relationship between icter in neonates with ABO incompatibility hemolysis and UGT1A1 gene polymorphism. Study Design There were 65 ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) neonates of full term in the study group and 82 non-ABO HDN neonates of full term in the compared group. We tested the UGT1A1 gene mutation of neonates of ABO HDN and non-ABO HDN. We compared the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia between neonates with and without UGT1A1 mutations in the ABO HDN and non-ABO HDN, to determine the relationship between icter in neonates with ABO HDN and UGT1A1 gene polymorphism. SPSS 13.0 were used to analyze those two groups' data. Results There was statistically significant difference of the serum bilirubin level between the Gly71Arg homozygous and no mutation group in the ABO HDN patients (p < 0.05). When hyperbilirubinemia was defined as serum bilirubin concentration >342 μmol/L, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia between patients of UGT1A1 and non-UGT1A1 mutations in the ABO HDN group was significantly different (p < 0.05). But in the non-ABO HDN group, no significant difference was found. Conclusion Individuals with Gly71Arg homozygous contributed to their hyperbilirubinemia in ABO HDN patients.

Absence of Kernicterus in Low-Birth-Weight Infants From 1971 Through 1976: Comparison With Findings in 1966 and 1967

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Pearlman ◽  
Lawrence M. Gartner ◽  
Kwang-sun Lee ◽  
Rachel Morecki ◽  
Dikran S. Horoupian
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pathologic Findings

A review of 34 autopsied infants weighing 2,250 gm or less who died on the third to seventh days of life during the six-year period from 1971 through 1976 failed to reveal any cases of kernicterus. This contrasts with an incidence of 64% in low-birth-weight infants selected in the same manner from the same neonatal intensive care unit-premature center during the period 1966 and 1967. The 34 infants in the 1971-1976 series were not significantly different with regard to their birth weights, Apgar scores, perinatal complications, or pathologic findings, other than their lack of kernicterus, from the 14 infants in the 1966-1967 series. The only significant difference between these two groups of infants was a lower mean peak serum bilirubin concentration in the 1971-1976 series, corresponding with the establishment in 1970 of a more aggressive policy of exchange transfusion and phototherapy. The prevention of excessive hyperbilirubinemia along with the development of more sophisticated intensive care of the neonate in recent years may be responsible for the elimination of kernicterus in the 1971-1976 series of infants.

scholarly journals Analysis of Blood Serum Bilirubin Concentration among Moderate Intensity Exercise Performers; A Randomized Control Trails

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Alamgir Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt ◽  
Shahzaman Khan ◽  
Samiullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Concentration

Purpose: A randomized control trails were conducted to evaluate the effects of moderate intensity exercise on blood serum bilirubin level. Methods:  A participants of the study were divided in two groups i.e. experimental group (EG= 10) and control group (CG=10).  5ml blood were taken from all the subjects and each blood sample was marked with separate identification code. Twelve weeks exercise (moderate intensity exercise) protocols was employed on the selected subjects. The collected blood samples were tested and thus the collected results were processed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, Version, 24) by applying Mean and Standard deviation etc. Result: Based on analysis the researcher concluded that moderate intensity exercise has significant impact on Serum Bilirubin Concentration of the subjects. In addition significant difference was found in pre and post test result of experimental group  (t4= 1.000, Sig. = .374 > α= 0.05).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of single and double phototherapy on indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonates

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanda Susanti Milyana ◽  
Guslihan Dasa Tjipta ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Emil Azlin ◽  
Bugis Mardina Lubis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
The Mean

Background Hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem in full term newborns and phototherapy is the most widespread treatment for lowering bilirubin concentration in neonates. Double phototherapy could increase the effectiveness of treatment.Objective To compare the effectiveness of single and double phototherapy and increasing spectral irradiance for decreasing serum bilirubin levels in neonates for indirect hyperbilirubinemia.Methods An open, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at H. Adam Malik and Pirngadi Hospitals, Medan, from May to December 2009. Subjects were divided into two groups, those who received single phototherapy (n=30) and those who received double phototherapy (n=30) treatments. We included term newborns with neonatal jaundice in the first week of life. Serum bilirubin and average spectral irradiation levels were measured at baseline and after 12 hours and 24 hours of phototherapy treatment.Results The mean total bilirubin levels of the single and double phototherapy groups at the beginning of therapy were 17.6 mg/dL (SD1.41) and 17.5 mg/dL (SD 1.32), respectively, with no significant difference between values. During the study period the sum of average spectral irradiance by double phototherapy was significantly higher than that of single phototherapy (P < 0.05). A significantly greater decrease in bilirubin levels was observed in the double phototherapy group at 12 hours and 24 hours of phototherapy compared to the single phototherapy group (P = 0.001).Conclusion Double phototherapy is more effective than single phototherapy in reducing bilirubin levels in jaundiced newborns.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Naji K. Al-Mefleh ◽  
Yahia A. Othman ◽  
Maher J. Tadros ◽  
Amani Al-Assaf ◽  
Samer Talozi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. Escherichia coli found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. Prosopis species (P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck L. and P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.

scholarly journals Decreased rate of ketone-body oxidation and decreased activity of d-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA:3-oxo-acid CoA-transferase in heart mitochondria of diabetic rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Grinblat ◽  
L F Pacheco Bolaños ◽  
A O Stoppani
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Heart Mitochondria ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Slow Adaptation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes

Heart mitochondria from chronically diabetic rats (‘diabetic mitochondria’), in metabolic State 3, oxidized 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate at a relatively slow rate, as compared with mitochondria from normal rats (‘normal mitochondria’). No significant differences were observed, however, with pyruvate or L-glutamate plus L-malate as substrates. Diabetic mitochondria also showed decreased 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase activities, but cytochrome content and NADH-dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activities proved normal. The decrease of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity was observed in diabetic mitochondria subjected to different disruption procedures, namely freeze-thawing, sonication or hypoosmotic treatment, between pH 7.5 and 8.5, at temperatures in the range 6-36 degrees C, and in the presence of L-cysteine. Determination of the kinetic parameters of the enzyme reaction in diabetic mitochondria revealed diminution of maximal velocity (Vmax) as its outstanding feature. The decrease in 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in diabetic mitochondria was a slow-developing effect, which reached full expression 2-3 months after the onset of diabetes; 1 week after onset, no significant difference between enzyme activity in diabetic and normal mitochondria could be established. Insulin administration to chronically diabetic rats for 2 weeks resulted in limited recovery of enzyme activity. G.l.c. analysis of fatty acid composition and measurement of diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy failed to reveal significant differences between diabetic and normal mitochondria. The Arrhenius-plot characteristics for 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in membranes of diabetic and normal mitochondria were similar. It is assumed that the variation of the assayed enzymes in diabetic mitochondria results from a slow adaptation to the metabolic conditions resulting from diabetes, rather than to insulin deficiency itself.

scholarly journals Enzymic transfer of glucose and xylose from uridine diphosphate glucose and uridine diphosphate xylose to bilirubin by untreated and digitonin-activated preparations from rat liver

1972 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fevery ◽  
P. Leroy ◽  
K. P. M. Heirwegh
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Standard Assay ◽  
Diphosphate Glucose ◽  
Liver Homogenates

1. Digitonin-treated and untreated homogenates, cell extracts and washed microsomal preparations from liver of Wistar R rats are capable of transferring sugar from UDP-glucose or UDP-xylose to bilirubin. No formation of bilirubin glycosides occurred with UDP-galactose or d-glucose, d-xylose or d-glucuronic acid as the sources of sugar. 2. Procedures to assay digitonin-activated and unactivated bilirubin UDP-glucosyltransferase and bilirubin UDP-xylosyltransferase were developed. 3. In digitonin-activated microsomal preparations the transferring enzymes had the following properties. Both enzyme activities were increased 2.5-fold by pretreatment with digitonin. They were optimum at pH6.6–7.2. Michaelis–Menten kinetics were followed with respect to UDP-glucose. In contrast, double-reciprocal plots of enzyme activity against the concentration of UDP-xylose showed two intersecting straight-line sections corresponding to concentration ranges where either bilirubin monoxyloside was formed (at low UDP-xylose concentrations) or where mixtures of both the mono- and di-xyloside were synthesized (at high UDP-xylose concentrations). Both enzyme activities were stimulated by Mg2+; Ca2+ was slightly less, and Mn2+ slightly more, stimulatory than Mg2+. Of the activities found in standard assay systems containing Mg2+, 58–78% (substrate UDP-glucose) and 0–38% (substrate UDP-xylose) were independent of added bivalent metal ion. Double-reciprocal plots of the Mg2+-dependent activities against the concentration of added Mg2+ were linear. 4. In comparative experiments the relative activities of liver homogenates obtained with UDP-glucuronic acid, UDP-glucose and UDP-xylose were 1:1.5:2.7 for untreated preparations and 1:0.29:0.44 after activation with digitonin. 5. Bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase was protected against denaturation by human serum albumin, whereas bilirubin UDP-xylosyltransferase was not. 6. Digitonin-treated and untreated liver homogenates from Gunn rats were inactive in transferring sugar to bilirubin from UDP-glucuronic acid (in agreement with the work of others), UDP-glucose or UDP-xylose.

Tin-protoporphyrin in the Management of Children With Crigler-Najjar Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-152
Author(s):  
FIRMINO F. RUBALTELLI ◽  
GIULIO JORI
Keyword(s):  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Tin Protoporphyrin ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Concentration

In Reply.— We have considered carefully the points raised by Dr McDonagh and answer as follows: Regarding points 1 and 2, Fig 2 (second plot from the bottom) of our paper clearly shows that administration of SnPp to the patient with Crigler-Najjar type 1 disease reduces the serum bilirubin concentration to values ranging between 12 and 15 mg/dL for at least a week. In the absence of SnPp treatment, the infant never reached such low levels even during sunny seasons, unless phototherapy was performed.

Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry: A New Light on an Old Subject

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hegyi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry

The role of bilirubin as a cause of central nervous system morbidity in the newborn infant has been well recognized for several decades. The specific serum concentration that leads to cellular injury, as well as the precise mechanism of damage, are as yet unclear but general principles of therapy have been established. Early detection of hyperbilirubinemia is based on the clinical assessment of dermal icterus followed by appropriate serum tests to determine the degree of serum bilirubin elevation. The relationship of dermal icterus and serum bilirubin concentration has intrigued clinicians for more than a century.1 In an attempt to utilize skin color as an index of hyperbilirubinemia many techniques have been investigated.

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