Lack of Histological Evidence of Vitamin D Abnormality in the Bones of Anephric Patients

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH. J. Bordier ◽  
S. Tun Chot ◽  
J. B. Eastwood ◽  
A. Fournier ◽  
H. E. De Wardener
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Iliac Bone ◽  
Bilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Bone Biopsies ◽  
Anephric Patients

1. Iliac bone biopsies were obtained from nine patients 3 months to 6 years after bilateral nephrectomy. 2. In eight of the nine patients no histological evidence of vitamin D abnormality was seen in the bones after bilateral nephrectomy. 3. One patient showed histological evidence of osteomalacia before bilateral nephrectomy which improved but did not disappear after bilateral nephrectomy. 4. The biospies of all nine patients showed evidence of hyperparathyroidism. 5. It is concluded that normal bone mineralization can take place in the absence of the kidneys.

scholarly journals Distribution of strontium and mineralization in iliac bone biopsies from osteoporotic women treated long-term with strontium ranelate

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Doublier ◽  
Delphine Farlay ◽  
Mohamed T Khebbab ◽  
Xavier Jaurand ◽  
Pierre J Meunier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Iliac Bone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Bone Biopsies

ObjectiveTo investigate interactions between strontium (Sr) and bone mineral and its effects on mineralization in osteoporotic women treated long-term with Sr ranelate (SrRan).DesignIn this study, 34 iliac bone biopsies were analyzed after 2, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months of treatment with SrRan.MethodsSr global distribution was analyzed by X-ray cartography and the percentage of bone area containing Sr was calculated in the bone samples. The focal distribution of Sr in all bone samples was investigated by X-ray microanalysis. The degree of mineralization was assessed by quantitative microradiography.ResultsAbsent from old bone formed before the beginning of treatment, Sr was exclusively present in bone formed during this treatment with a much higher focal Sr content in new bone structural units than in old ones. A progressive increase in the extent of areas containing Sr was observed during treatment. The focal bone Sr content in recently formed bone was constant over treatment. Secondary mineralization was maintained at a normal level during treatment.ConclusionThus, the quality of bone mineralization (density and heterogeneity at tissue level) was preserved after a long-term treatment with SrRan.

scholarly journals Sclerostin and Its Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5286
Author(s):  
Elias S. Vasiliadis ◽  
Dimitrios Stergios Evangelopoulos ◽  
Angelos Kaspiris ◽  
Christos Vlachos ◽  
Spyros G. Pneumaticos
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Scoliotic Deformity ◽  
Bone Biopsies

Idiopathic scoliosis is a disorder of unknown etiology. Bone biopsies from idiopathic scoliosis patients revealed changes at cellular and molecular level. Osteocytic sclerostin is downregulated, and serum level of sclerostin is decreased. Osteocytes in idiopathic scoliosis appear to be less active with abnormal canaliculi network. Differentiation of osteoblasts to osteocytes is decelerated, while Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is overactivated and affects normal bone mineralization that leads to inferior mechanical properties of the bone, which becomes susceptible to asymmetrical forces and causes deformity of the spinal column. Targeting bone metabolism during growth by stimulating sclerostin secretion from osteocytes and restoring normal function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could, in theory, increase bone strength and prevent deterioration of the scoliotic deformity.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Intoxication - A concern either way

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Muzafar Maqsood Wani ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Wani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Biologic Function

Major biologic function of activated vitamin D is to maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus, thus regulating bone mineralization. Research suggests that vitamin D may help in immunomodulation, regulating cell growth and 1,4 differentiation as well as some diverse unspecified functions. Overt vitamin D deficiency leads to hypocalcaemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover, which in prolonged and severe cases may cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in elderly.... JMS 2011;14(2):40-42

scholarly journals Vitamin K and D Supplementation and Bone Health in Chronic Kidney Disease—Apart or Together?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Marta Ziemińska ◽  
Beata Sieklucka ◽  
Krystyna Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Combined Supplementation

Vitamin K (VK) and vitamin D (VD) deficiency/insufficiency is a common feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to impaired bone quality and a higher risk of fractures. CKD patients, with disturbances in VK and VD metabolism, do not have sufficient levels of these vitamins for maintaining normal bone formation and mineralization. So far, there has been no consensus on what serum VK and VD levels can be considered sufficient in this particular population. Moreover, there are no clear guidelines how supplementation of these vitamins should be carried out in the course of CKD. Based on the existing results of preclinical studies and clinical evidence, this review intends to discuss the effect of VK and VD on bone remodeling in CKD. Although the mechanisms of action and the effects of these vitamins on bone are distinct, we try to find evidence for synergy between them in relation to bone metabolism, to answer the question of whether combined supplementation of VK and VD will be more beneficial for bone health in the CKD population than administering each of these vitamins separately.

Mechanisms implicated in the growth regulatory effects of vitamin D in breast cancer.

2002 ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
K W Colston ◽  
C M√∏rk Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulators ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Effects

It is now well established that, in addition to its central role in the maintenance of extracellular calcium levels and bone mineralization, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)), the active form of vitamin D, also acts as a modulator of cell growth and differentiation in a number of cell types, including breast cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) have been linked to suppression of growth stimulatory signals and potentiation of growth inhibitory signals, which lead to changes in cell cycle regulators such as p21(WAF-1/CIP1) and p27(kip1), cyclins and retinoblastoma protein as well as induction of apoptosis. Such studies have led to interest in the potential use of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in the treatment or prevention of certain cancers. Since this approach is limited by the tendency of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) to cause hypercalcaemia, synthetic vitamin D analogues have been developed which display separation of the growth regulating effects from calcium mobilizing actions. This review examines mechanisms by which 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and its active analogues exert both anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects and describes some of the synthetic analogues that have been shown to be of particular interest in relation to breast cancer.

Management of bone metabolism in epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Firdevs Ezgi Uçan Tokuç ◽  
Fatma Genç ◽  
Abidin Erdal ◽  
Yasemin Biçer Gömceli
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Low Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Many systemic problems arise due to the side effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used in epilepsy patients. Among these adverse effects are low bone mineral density and increased fracture risk due to long-term AED use. Although various studies have supported this association with increased risk in recent years, the length of this process has not been precisely defined and there is no clear consensus on bone density scanning, intervals of screening, and the subject of calcium and vitamin D supplementation. In this study, in accordance with the most current recommendations, our applications and data, including the detection of possible bone mineralization disorders, treatment methods, and recommendations to prevent bone mineralization disorders, were evaluated in epilepsy patients who were followed up at our outpatient clinic. It was aimed to draw attention to the significance of management of bone metabolism carried out with appropriate protocols. Epilepsy patients were followed up at the Antalya Training and Research Hospital Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Outpatient Clinic who were at high risk for osteoporosis (use of valproic acid [VPA] and enzyme-inducing drugs, using any AED for over 5 years, and postmenopausal women) and were evaluated using a screening protocol. According to this protocol, a total of 190 patients suspected of osteoporosis risk were retrospectively evaluated. Four patients were excluded from the study due to secondary osteoporosis. Of the 186 patients who were included in the study, 97 (52.2%) were women and 89 (47.8%) were men. Prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) was 42%, in which osteoporosis was detected in 11.8% and osteopenia in 30.6% of the patients. Osteoporosis rate was higher at the young age group (18-45) and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.018). There was no significant difference between male and female sexes according to osteoporosis and osteopenia rates. Patients receiving polytherapy had higher osteoporosis rate and lower BMD compared to patients receiving monotherapy. Comparison of separate drug groups according to osteoporosis rate revealed that osteoporosis rate was highest in patient groups using VPA+ carbamazepine (CBZ) (29.4%) and VPA polytherapy (19.4%). Total of osteopenia and osteoporosis, or low BMD, was highest in VPA polytherapy (VPA+ non-enzyme-inducing AED [NEID]) and CBZ polytherapy (CBZ+NEID) groups, with rates of 58.3% and 55.1%, respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference between drug groups according to bone metabolism markers, vitamin D levels, and osteopenia-osteoporosis rates. Assuming bone health will be affected at an early age in epilepsy patients, providing lifestyle and diet recommendations, avoiding polytherapy including VPA and CBZ when possible, and evaluating bone metabolism at regular intervals are actions that should be applied in routine practice.

Vitamins for the First 1000 Days: Preparing for Life

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elmadfa ◽  
Alexa L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type I ◽  
In Pregnancy

Vitamins are essential nutrients for many body functions and particularly important during growth. Adequate supply in pregnancy and in early infancy is therefore crucial, but there is still a lack of knowledge about the needed amounts of vitamins of children older than six months and also during pregnancy. Recommendations for intake levels are generally derived by extrapolation from data for infants based in turn on the contents in breast milk and those for adults. A vitamin of particular importance in pregnancy is folic acid due to its role in the development of the brain and nerve system and the prevention of fetal neural tube defects (NTD). Mandatory fortification of flour and certain other grain products in many countries has been associated with a reduction in NTD incidence. However, other deficiencies or suboptimal status of B vitamins, especially B6 and B12 have been repeatedly reported in pregnant women also in high-income countries. Vitamin A is one of the three most critical micronutrients globally and pregnant women and young children are especially vulnerable to deficiencies. Night blindness, anemia, and immunodeficiency are major consequences of inadequate supply in these populations. Much attention has recently been accorded vitamin D that is also critical in pregnant women and young children for instance because of its involvement in bone mineralization but also its more recently discovered immune-modulating function that is thought to prevent development of autoimmune diseases like diabetes mellitus type I. A healthy balanced diet provides the best basis for optimal pregnancy outcome, lactation performance, and complementary feeding. However, supplements or fortified foods may be needed to cover the high requirements especially of critical vitamins such as vitamin D and folic acid and to correct unfavorable dietary patterns in women or to adapt foods to the needs of young children.

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