The Measurement of the Extracellular Space in an In Vitro System of Human Leucocytes

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-649
Author(s):  
J. Patrick ◽  
P. J. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Significant Difference

1. The extracellular space of an in vitro system of human leucocytes in an artificial extracellular fluid has been measured with Na235SO4, 131I-labelled human serum albumin and 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone of high molecular weight. 2. There was no significant difference between the space measured with Na235SO4 and 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone. The space measured with 131I-labelled human serum albumin was significantly larger than that measured with 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone. 3. High-molecular-weight 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone appears to be a useful extracellular marker for this in vitro system.

Human Serum Albumin aggregation and its modulation using nanoparticles: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh Paramasivam ◽  
Kavita Kundal ◽  
Nandini Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Amyloid Formation

: Amyloid fibrils are highly stable protein fibrillar aggregates believed to be involved in various neurodegenerative diseases, which include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and prion diseases. Inhibiting the aggregation process is a potential strategy to prevent diseases caused by amyloid formation. In this regard, nanoparticles have emerged as promising candidates owing to their unique physical/chemical properties of small size, large surface area, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and ease of functionalization. Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is a soluble multidomain monomeric protein that interacts with various ligands and hormones, aiding in their transport, distribution, metabolism in the circulatory system, and also plays a vital role in extracellular fluid volume stabilization. Under certain in vitro conditions, HSA has been reported to undergo conformational changes leading to fibril formation and hence acts as a suitable model for studying amyloidogenesis. In this review, we have explored the effects of various nanoparticles on HSA aggregation and their mechanism of action. The study will throw light on the mechanistic details of nanoparticle-mediated amyloid modulation, which will help in the development of effective therapeutics against amyloidosis.

Intracerebral Infusate Distribution by Convection-enhanced Delivery in Humans with Malignant Gliomas: Descriptive Effects of Target Anatomy and Catheter Positioning

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. ONS-89-ONS-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Sampson ◽  
Martin L. Brady ◽  
Neil A. Petry ◽  
David Croteau ◽  
Allan H. Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Convection Enhanced Delivery ◽  
Catheter Position

Abstract Objective: Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) holds tremendous potential for drug delivery to the brain. However, little is known about the volume of distribution achieved within human brain tissue or how target anatomy and catheter positioning influence drug distribution. The primary objective of this study was to quantitatively describe the distribution of a high molecular weight agent by CED relative to target anatomy and catheter position in patients with malignant gliomas. Methods: Seven adult patients with recurrent malignant gliomas underwent intracerebral infusion of the tumor-targeted cytotoxin, cintredekin besudotox, concurrently with 123I-labeled human serum albumin. High-resolution single-photon emission computed tomographic images were obtained at 24 and 48 hours and were coregistered with magnetic resonance imaging scans. The distribution of 123I-labeled human serum albumin relative to target anatomy and catheter position was analyzed. Results: Intracerebral CED infusions were well-tolerated and some resulted in a broad distribution of 123I-labeled human serum albumin, but target anatomy and catheter positioning had a significant influence on infusate distribution even within non-contrastenhancing areas of brain. Intratumoral infusions were anisotropic and resulted in limited coverage of the enhancing tumor area and adjacent peritumoral regions. CONCLUSIONS: CED has the potential to deliver high molecular weight agents into tumorinfiltrated brain parenchyma with volumes of distribution that are clinically relevant. Target tissue anatomy and catheter position are critical parameters in optimizing drug delivery.

scholarly journals On the Mechanisms of Action of the Low Molecular Weight Fraction of Commercial Human Serum Albumin in Osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bar-Or ◽  
Gregory Thomas ◽  
Leonard T. Rael ◽  
Elizabeth Frederick ◽  
Melissa Hausburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
In Vitro Experiments

: The low molecular weight fraction of commercial human serum albumin (LMWF5A) has been shown to successfully relieve pain and inflammation in severe osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK). LMWF5A contains at least three active components that could account for these antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. : We summarize in vitro experiments in bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells, monocytic cell lines, chondrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and endothelial cells on the biochemistry of anti-inflammatory changes induced by LMWF5A. We then look at four of the major pathways that cut across cell-type considerations to examine which biochemical reactions are affected by mTOR, COX-2, CD36, and AhR pathways. All three components show anti-inflammatory activities in at least some of the cell types. : The in vitro experiments show that the effects of LMWF5A in chondrocytes and bone marrow– derived stem cells in particular, coupled with recent data from previous clinical trials of single and multiple injections of LMWF5A into OAK patients demonstrated improvements in pain, function, and Patient Global Assessment (PGA), as well as high responder rates that could be attributed to the multiple mechanism of action (MOA) pathways are summarized here. In vitro and in vivo data are highly suggestive of LMWF5A being a disease-modifying drug for OAK.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Human Serum Albumin and Low-Molecular-Weight Thiols after Derivatization with Monobromobimane

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3321
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kurpet ◽  
Rafał Głowacki ◽  
Grażyna Chwatko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fluorescence Labeling ◽  
Detector Response ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

Biothiols are extremely powerful antioxidants that protect cells against the effects of oxidative stress. They are also considered relevant disease biomarkers, specifically risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In this paper, a new procedure for the simultaneous determination of human serum albumin and low-molecular-weight thiols in plasma is described. The method is based on the pre-column derivatization of analytes with a thiol-specific fluorescence labeling reagent, monobromobimane, followed by separation and quantification through reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (excitation, 378 nm; emission, 492 nm). Prior to the derivatization step, the oxidized thiols are converted to their reduced forms by reductive cleavage with sodium borohydride. Linearity in the detector response for total thiols was observed in the following ranges: 1.76–30.0 mg mL−1 for human serum albumin, 0.29–5.0 nmol mL−1 for α-lipoic acid, 1.16–35 nmol mL−1 for glutathione, 9.83–450.0 nmol mL−1 for cysteine, 0.55–40.0 nmol mL−1 for homocysteine, 0.34–50.0 nmol mL−1 for N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and 1.45–45.0 nmol mL−1 for cysteinylglycine. Recovery values of 85.16–119.48% were recorded for all the analytes. The developed method is sensitive, repeatable, and linear within the expected ranges of total thiols. The devised procedure can be applied to plasma samples to monitor biochemical processes in various pathophysiological states.

Nof2206Probing the interaction of memantine, an important Alzheimer's drug, with human serum albumin: In silico and In vitro approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 116888
Author(s):  
Fahad A. Alhumaydhi ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir ◽  
Abdullah S.M. Aljohani ◽  
Suliman A. Alsagaby ◽  
Ameen S.S. Alwashmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
In Silico

scholarly journals Synthesis and In Vitro Assessment of pH-Sensitive Human Serum Albumin Conjugates of Pirarubicin

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Kenji Tsukigawa ◽  
Shuhei Imoto ◽  
Keishi Yamasaki ◽  
Koji Nishi ◽  
Toshihiko Tsutsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Polymer Conjugate ◽  
Acidic Conditions

In a previous study, we reported on the development of a synthetic polymer conjugate of pirarubicin (THP) that was formed via an acid-labile hydrazone bond between the polymer and the THP. However, the synthetic polymer itself was non-biodegradable, which could lead to unexpected adverse effects. Human serum albumin (HSA), which has a high biocompatibility and good biodegradability, is also a potent carrier for delivering antitumor drugs. The objective of this study was to develop pH-sensitive HSA conjugates of THP (HSA-THP), and investigate the release of THP and the cytotoxicity under acidic conditions in vitro for further clinical development. HSA-THP was synthesized by conjugating maleimide hydrazone derivatives of THP with poly-thiolated HSA using 2-iminothiolane, via a thiol-maleimide coupling reaction. We synthesized two types of HSA-THP that contained different amounts of THP (HSA-THP2 and HSA-THP4). Free THP was released from both of the HSA conjugates more rapidly at an acidic pH, and the rates of release for HSA-THP2 and HSA-THP4 were similar. Moreover, both HSA-THPs exhibited a higher cytotoxicity at acidic pH than at neutral pH, which is consistent with the effective liberation of free THP under acidic conditions. These findings suggest that these types of HSA-THPs are promising candidates for further development.

The in Vitro Anti-HIV Efficacy of Negatively Charged Human Serum Albumin Is Antagonized by Heparin

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. SWART ◽  
C.S. SUN ◽  
M.E. KUIPERS ◽  
C. ASUNCION ◽  
S. JOSEPHS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Anti Hiv
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