The Renal Clearance of Oxalate in Normal Subjects and Patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Williams ◽  
Gloria A. Johnson ◽  
L. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Primary Hyperoxaluria ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Oxalate Concentration

1. The renal clearance of oxalate was studied in six normal subjects and in two patients with primary hyperoxaluria utilizing a constant infusion of [14C]oxalic acid. 2. The [14C]oxalate clearance in normal subjects was between 101 and 217 ml/min with a range in the ratio of [14C]oxalate clearance to creatinine clearance of 1.33–2.09. 3. The oxalate clearance in two patients with primary hyperoxaluria was within the range found in the normal subjects. 4. This study does not confirm the previous report of a low oxalate/creatinine clearance ratio in man nor the finding of an elevated oxalate clearance in patients with primary hyperoxaluria. 5. Estimates of serum oxalate concentration based on these clearance values suggest that the serum oxalate concentration in normal subjects is less than 100 μg/100 ml.

scholarly journals MYOHEMOGLOBINURIA

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Yuile ◽  
William F. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
A Value ◽  
Blood Hemoglobin

When myohemoglobin is injected intravenously into dogs, in amounts ranging from 0.75 to 1.50 gm., it is rapidly eliminated from the plasma and approximately 65 per cent is excreted by the kidneys in from 1½ to 2½ hours. Myohemoglobin does not appear in the urine below a threshold plasma concentration which is slightly under 20 mg. per 100 cc. but above this level the rate of renal excretion is directly proportional to the plasma concentration. The maximum myohemoglobin/creatinine clearance ratio averages 0.58 contrasted with a value of 0.023 for blood hemoglobin. This indicates that the rate of renal clearance of myohemoglobin is twenty-five times more rapid than that of blood hemoglobin. Evidence is presented that the excretory mechanism is essentially similar for the two substances but that differences in molecular weight account for different rates of glomerular filtration.

Chronic hyperamylasemia and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Jacobs ◽  
J C Jennette ◽  
R A Reavis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Epithelial Cysts

Abstract A 54-year-old woman with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and pyelonephritis developed persistent hyperamylasemia with transient increases in the amylase-creatinine clearance ratio. Even though chronic pancreatitis was suspected clinically, at postmortem examination the pancreas was found to be normal. We suggest that the hyperamylasemia resulted from entry into the circulation of amylase produced within sequestered endosalpingeal epithelial cysts, possibly amplified by impaired renal clearance. Thus, the potential of the serum amylase assay as a sign of serous ovarian tumors is further indicated.

Plasma Level and Renal Clearance of Oxalate in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria or Chronic Renal Failure or Both

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Constable ◽  
A. M. Joekes ◽  
G. P. Kasidas ◽  
P. O'regan ◽  
G. A. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Primary Hyperoxaluria ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Radioisotopic Method

1. Plasma oxalate has been measured by a radioisotopic method applicable to all concentrations of plasma oxalate and renal function, and also by an enzymatic method which was only applicable to raised concentrations of plasma oxalate. 2. Where the two methods could be applied simultaneously, the agreement between them was good. 3. Plasma oxalate was 86% ultrafiltrable at concentrations of up to 44 μmol/l. 4. Oxalate clearance and the exchangeable oxalate pool were also measured. The ratio of oxalate clearance to creatinine clearance was greater than unity in most normal subjects and patients. 5. These methods were used in normal subjects and in patients with primary hyperoxaluria and/or chronic renal failure. A raised plasma oxalate concentration was found in both conditions. Chronic renal failure is probably the most common cause of a raised plasma oxalate.

Renal Clearance of [14C]oxalate: Comparison of Constant-Infusion with Single-Injection Techniques

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. C. Prenen ◽  
P. Boer ◽  
E. J. Dorhout Mees ◽  
H. J. Endeman ◽  
S. M. Spoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Two Compartment Model ◽  
Infusion Technique

1. The renal clearance of [14C]oxalate was assessed by the constant-infusion technique and single-injection technique (plasma sampling only: one-compartment and two-compartment model; plasma and urine sampling). Healthy volunteers and patients with renal stones were studied. 2. Results with the constant-infusion techniques (with and without urine sampling) were not significantly different from each other. 3. The renal clearance of [14C]oxalate measured with the single-injection technique as compared with the constant-infusion technique was overestimated in the single-injection one-compartment model (52%) as well as in the two-compartment model (30%). 4. The calculated level of plasma oxalate in the healthy volunteers ranged from 1·04 to 1·78 μmol/l (mean 1·39). 5. The biological half-life of [14C]oxalate, estimated by the cumulative excretion of 14C in urine after equilibrium had been established, was 128 min (range: 113–142). 6. The oxalate/creatinine clearance ratio in the healthy volunteers ranged from 1·73 to 2·22 (mean 2·01).

Plasma Oxalate Concentration and Renal Excretion of Oxalate in Man

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hodgkinson ◽  
R. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Oxalate Concentration ◽  
Isotopic Method ◽  
Isotopic Methods ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Normal Men

1. The concentration of oxalate in plasma was determined by an isotopic method involving the simultaneous measurement of [14C]oxalate activities in plasma and urine and the concentration of stable oxalate in the urine. 2. Plasma oxalate concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 1.6 μmol/l (11.8–14.3 μg/100 ml) in three normal men; in fifteen male patients with renal calcium oxalate stones the mean value was 1.73 μmol/l (15.6 μg/100 ml), SD = 0.55 μmol/l (4.98 μg/100 ml). 3. The renal clearance of [14C]oxalate ranged from 162 to 358 ml/min (mean = 249 ml/min) in the normal subjects and from 95 to 315 ml/min (mean = 201 ml/min) in the patients. A direct and statistically significant relationship was observed between the oxalate and creatinine clearances. 4. The oxalate/creatinine clearance ratio ranged from 1.42 to 2.60 (mean = 1.95) in the normal subjects and from 1.04 to 2.33 (mean = 1.76) in the patients, implying a net renal tubular secretion of oxalate. However, oxalate excretion was unaffected by probenecid, a drug known to inhibit the active tubular transport of organic anions. 5. Possible errors in the determination of plasma oxalate concentration and oxalate clearance by chemical and isotopic methods are discussed. 6. Intravenous administration of [14C]oxalate to eight subjects allowed estimations of the miscible oxalate pool [mean = 53.3 μmol (4.80 mg); SD = 18.7 μmol (1.68 mg)], the volume of distribution of [14C]oxalate (mean = 45.2% of body weight; SD = 5.65) and the biological half-life of [14C]oxalate (mean = 91.10 min; SD = 13.89).

Sequential Studies of Oxalate Dynamics in Primary Hyperoxaluria

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. E. Watts ◽  
N. Veall ◽  
P. Purkiss
Keyword(s):  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Primary Hyperoxaluria ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Total Plasma Clearance ◽  
Oxalate Concentration ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

1. We have measured the total plasma clearance, renal clearance and equilibrium distribution volume of [14C]oxalate, and the urinary oxalate excretion rate and plasma oxalate levels at approximately 6 month intervals for up to 2.5 years in five patients with primary hyperoxaluria. The renal clearance and distribution volumes of [99mTc]DTPA (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate) were measured simultaneously to provide estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and extracellular fluid volume (ECF). The same measurements were made on each of five normal volunteers. 2. Clearances and distribution volumes were measured with a modified single injection technique. 3. The oxalate clearance was two to three times the simultaneously measured GFR in the patients and control subjects. The renal clearance of oxalate was less than the total plasma clearance in the patients. The oxalate distribution volume was approximately 1.5 times the ECF in both the patients and controls. Only small changes were observed over a 2.5 years period in these particular patients. 4. The plasma oxalate concentration was derived from the urinary oxalate excretion rate and the plasma [14C]oxalate clearance. It was raised in the patients. The oxalate removal rate was derived from the total plasma clearance and the plasma oxalate concentration.

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