Effect of Vasopressin on the Renal Excretion of Phosphate in Man

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Eisinger ◽  
N. F. Jones ◽  
M. A. Barraclough ◽  
R. R. McSwiney
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Phosphate Intake ◽  
Phosphate Excretion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Adenyl Cyclase System ◽  
Common Action

1. The effect of vasopressin on the tubular reabsorption of phosphate was studied in both water-restricted and water-loaded man at different baseline rates of phosphate excretion. The latter was varied by altering phosphate intake or by administering aluminium hydroxide to reduce phosphate absorption from the gut. 2. It was found that when phosphate excretion was high, vasopressin had no consistent effect on the phosphate/creatinine clearance ratio. However at low rates of phosphate excretion, vasopressin significantly increased the phosphate/creatinine clearance ratio, suggesting a decrease in net tubular reabsorption of phosphate. 3. This effect of vasopressin was also demonstrated in a patient with hypoparathyroidism, indicating that it is not mediated by release of parathormone. 4. It thus appears that vasopressin has a small parathormone-like effect on the renal tubules, which may result from the common action of both hormones on the adenyl cyclase system.

scholarly journals MYOHEMOGLOBINURIA

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Yuile ◽  
William F. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
A Value ◽  
Blood Hemoglobin

When myohemoglobin is injected intravenously into dogs, in amounts ranging from 0.75 to 1.50 gm., it is rapidly eliminated from the plasma and approximately 65 per cent is excreted by the kidneys in from 1½ to 2½ hours. Myohemoglobin does not appear in the urine below a threshold plasma concentration which is slightly under 20 mg. per 100 cc. but above this level the rate of renal excretion is directly proportional to the plasma concentration. The maximum myohemoglobin/creatinine clearance ratio averages 0.58 contrasted with a value of 0.023 for blood hemoglobin. This indicates that the rate of renal clearance of myohemoglobin is twenty-five times more rapid than that of blood hemoglobin. Evidence is presented that the excretory mechanism is essentially similar for the two substances but that differences in molecular weight account for different rates of glomerular filtration.

Renal excretion of thiamin by the dog

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (6) ◽  
pp. 1274-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Malnic ◽  
Alberto Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Rebecca C. de Angelis ◽  
Zulmira J. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Extraction Ratio ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Back Diffusion ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
The Mean

Simultaneous thiamin and creatinine clearance determinations in unanesthetized dogs revealed a pattern of excretion characteristic of a substance actively excreted by the renal tubules. The maximum tubular excretory capacity per minute (Tm) calculated at high thiamin plasma levels was negative, unless a correction factor (FW) of 0.63, calculated from the clearance values, was applied. Under these conditions, the mean Tm value was 1463 µg/min. By means of perfusion experiments on isolated dog kidneys it was shown that there was very little or no protein binding of thiamin. In extraction-ratio determinations on unanesthetized dogs it was shown that thiamin was not destroyed by the kidney and that the extraction of thiamin and PAH were similar. At varying urine flows with high thiamin plasma levels, a correlation between water reabsorption and thiamin excretion could be observed, suggesting the occurrence of back-diffusion of thiamin under these conditions.

Renal Excretion of Radioiodide in Rats

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Halmi ◽  
L. T. King ◽  
R. R. Widner ◽  
A. C. Hass ◽  
R. G. Stuelke
Keyword(s):  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Active Transport Mechanism

Elimination of radioiodide by the kidney of adult male rats pretreated with a single dose of propylthiouracil was measured. Rats given water or isotonic saccharose served as controls. Renal clearance of radioiodide (CI131) was greatly enhanced (up to 100-fold) by the sodium salts of chloride, perchlorate, stable iodide, bromide and bicarbonate, and by choline iodide, but not by sodium thiosulfate. Under most conditions CI131 markedly exceeded the CCl and CNa of the same animals, which suggest that renal tubules are less permeable to iodide than to chloride or sodium. CI131/CNa varied greatly, its magnitude being dependent on the loading solution used. CI131 showed no correlation with urine flow or excretion of endogenous creatinine-like chromogen (UCrV) when groups receiving different treatments were compared. Both urine flow and UCrV showed only minor variations among these groups. Our findings are most easily explained by the hypothesis that tubular reabsorption of iodide filtered by the glomeruli involves, possibly in addition to a passive process, an active transport mechanism capable of saturation by iodide and (competitive?) inhibition by other anions.

Effect of oxytocin structural changes on rat renal excretion of Na, K, and water

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 901-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rosas ◽  
L. Barnafi ◽  
T. Pereda ◽  
H. Croxatto
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Smooth Musculature ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Common Action

The common action of oxytocin on the smooth musculature of the uterus and on the renal excretion of sodium, potassium, and water suggests a relationship between the two effects. In order to investigate this possibility, the action of oxytocin treated with chymotrypsin and with sodium thioglycollate on sodium, potassium, and water excretion was studied. These agents greatly reduce the uterotonic activity of the hormone as well as its effect on electrolyte and water excretion in rats. Equivalent uterotonic doses of oxytocin, Val3-oxytocin, and Phe2-Tyr3-oxytocin were assayed on the excretion of electrolytes and water. Excretion of sodium and potassium produced by Val3-oxytocin was less than that produced by oxytocin. Phe2-Tyr3-oxytocin was approximately one-ninth as active as oxytocin in this respect. In studies with low doses of oxytocin it was established that 0.25 mU was necessary to increase sodium excretion while 0.5 mU had to be administered in order to increase potassium as well.

Renal effects of nitric oxide synthesis inhibition in cirrhotic rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (6) ◽  
pp. R1454-R1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Atucha ◽  
J. Garcia-Estan ◽  
A. Ramirez ◽  
M. C. Perez ◽  
T. Quesada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthesis ◽  
Important Mediator ◽  
Experimental Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Endogenous Nitric Oxide ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Liver

In the present study, we have characterized the renal response to inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthesis [intravenous NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 3 h] in anesthetized cirrhotic rats, with (ASC) and without (CIR) ascites, at doses that do not change blood pressure (BP). Administration of L-NAME induced opposite effects on water (UV) and sodium (UNaV) excretion in cirrhotic and control animals. Infusion of 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 of L-NAME in CIR (n = 5) decreased renal plasma flow (RPF) at the end of the 3-h period, whereas UV, UNaV, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were unaltered. In contrast, infusion of L-NAME at 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 in six more CIR increased UV and UNaV significantly by the 1st h, without changes in BP or GFR, and these parameters remained elevated throughout the experiment. Infusion of 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 in ASC (n = 6) did not change BP or GFR but significantly enhanced UV and UNaV after the 1st h. These effects were prevented by pretreatment with L-arginine (0.1 mg.kg-1.min-1) in another group of ASC infused with 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 of L-NAME. These results indicate that, in ASC and CIR cirrhotic rats, inhibition of NO synthesis at nonpressor does improves renal excretion of sodium and water via a decrease in tubular reabsorption. NO is an important mediator of the renal excretory and hemodynamic alterations of experimental liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals LOCALIZATION OF UROMUCOID IN HUMAN KIDNEY AND IN SECTIONS OF HUMAN KIDNEY STONE WITH THE FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. KEUTEL
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Common

Fluorescent labeled antibodies were used for the demonstration of uromucoid. This urine specific mucoprotein is demonstrably present only in the epithelial cells of the proximal segments of the normal human renal tubules and in the matrix of human kidney stones of all the common crystalline compositions.

Net urate reabsorption in the Dalmatian coach hound with a note on automated measurement of urate in species with low plasma urate

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1499-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Moulin ◽  
P. Vinay ◽  
N. Duong ◽  
A. Gougoux ◽  
G. Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
Plasma Urate ◽  
Urate Reabsorption ◽  
Dalmatian Dog ◽  
Pyrazinoic Acid

A progressive reduction of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate induced by the stepwise clamping of a Goldblatt clamp increases the urate over creatinine clearance ratio from 1.2 to 1.9 in normal urate-secreting Dalmatian dogs. These clearance data support the existence of a predominant postreabsorptive secretory flux of urate in the normal Dalmatian dog. In contrast, in Dalmatians loaded with pyrazinoic acid which suppresses urate secretion, net reabsorption of urate is unmasked and the urate over creatinine clearance ratio decreases with the progressive reduction in glomerular filtration rate (down to 0.44). It is concluded that the net reabsorption of urate measured by conventional clearance techniques after pharmacologic depression of the urate secretory flux probably reflects true urate reabsorption in the nephron of this species.

Renal excretion of cephapirin and cephaloridine: Evidence for saturable tubular reabsorption

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Arvidsson ◽  
Olof Borgå ◽  
Gunnár Alvan
Keyword(s):  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption
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