Effect of Brief Hypercalcaemia on Free Water Reabsorption during Solute Diuresis: Evidence for Impairment of Sodium Transport in Henle's Loop

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-P. Guignard ◽  
N. F. Jones ◽  
M. A. Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Sodium Transport ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Henle's Loop ◽  
Sodium Load ◽  
The Relationship

1. The relationship between osmolal clearance (Cosm) and the reabsorption of solute free water (Tch2o) was examined during mannitol and hypertonic saline diureses in both normocalcaemic and hypercalcaemic rabbits. 2. At high values for Cosm (2–4 ml/min) in normocalcaemic rabbits Tch2o during saline diuresis exceeded that during mannitol diuresis as previously shown. 3. Prolonged hypercalcaemia (72–96 h) reduced Tch2o in both mannitol and saline diureses. 4. Brief hypercalcaemia (18–24 h) abolished the increment in Tch2o normally seen during saline, as compared with mannitol diuresis. This impairment of Tch2o during saline diuresis occurred at a time after the start of hypercalcaemia when Tch2o during mannitol diuresis was still unaffected. 5. The results cannot be attributed to an effect of hypercalcaemia on membrane permeability to water, and are best explained by a reversible limitation of sodium transport in Henle's loop. This interpretation is supported by the fact that the hypercalcaemic rabbits excreted a greater percentage of the filtered sodium load than did the controls.

Natriuresis in Rats Acutely Depleted of Chloride

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
R. G. Luke ◽  
B. T. Khanh ◽  
R. D. Schmidt ◽  
J. H. Galla
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate Solution ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Chloride Depletion ◽  
Sodium Load ◽  
Clearance Studies ◽  
And Control

1. Acute chloride depletion, without sodium depletion, was produced in rats by a single exchange peritoneal dialysis against sodium bicarbonate solution. Blood volume was restored after dialysis by infusion of salt-free albumin, and exogenous deoxycorticosterone and antidiuretic hormone were given. 2. Clearance studies in the period (3 h) after dialysis revealed no difference in the glomerular filtration rate or in the filtered sodium load between experimental and control rats but urinary sodium concentrations and absolute and fractional sodium excretion were significantly higher in the chloride-depleted group. 3. There was also a significant kaliuresis, increased urinary flow rate and diminished free water reabsorption. Urinary bicarbonate excretion increased to a variable degree but the major rise in anion excretion was ‘unmeasured’ (Na+ + K+ — [Cl− +HCO3− +PO43-]). 4. It is postulated that chloride depletion imposes limitations on sodium reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.

Different Effects of Frusemide Administered during Hypertonic Saline Infusion in Healthy Subjects and Hypertensive Patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Radó ◽  
L. Szende ◽  
L. Borbély ◽  
Cs. Báanos ◽  
J. Takó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
Hypertonic Saline Infusion

1. The effects of hypertonic saline and frusemide administered during hypertonic saline infusion were studied during antidiuresis and infusion of lysine-vasopressin in fifteen healthy subjects and seventeen patients with hypertension. 2. Rates of excretion of water and sodium were higher during salt loading in the hypertensive patients as compared to the healthy persons. On the other hand, frusemide administered during saline infusion had a greater effect in the normal subjects. 3. Free water reabsorption increased markedly in the first 10-min clearance period after frusemide injection in the healthy subjects, while in the hypertensive group there was no significant change. This suggested that the diuretic may have a more marked proximal tubular effect in the healthy persons and/or a more intensive Henle's loop action in the hypertensives. However, the latter possibility was not supported by data concerning the correlation between solute excretion and free water reabsorption. 4. It is suggested that sodium transport is competitively inhibited in the same segment(s) of the nephron by frusemide and hypertonic saline and that this may explain the decreased effect of frusemide in the hypertensives.

scholarly journals A New Analysis of Ammonia and Sodium Transport Through the Gills of the Freshwater Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

1989 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTINE AVELLA ◽  
MICHEL BORNANCIN
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Transport ◽  
Proton Transport ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Ammonia Transport ◽  
The Relationship

The mechanism of ammonia excretion and sodium absorption was re-examined in trout using the isolated-perfused head preparation. Preliminary experiments in which ammonia concentration was increased on the blood side (internal) showed that ammonia and sodium transport was uncoupled. For ammonia excretion, our results showed that gill tissue endogenously produces ammonia. A correlation was demonstrated between ammonia excretion and the internal-external ammonia gradient. We conclude that diffusion in the form of NH3 was responsible for ammonia efflux and we were therefore able to estimate its diffusion coefficient (DNH3 = 1.55×10−6cm2s−1) and permeability coefficient (6×10−3cm s−1). This ammonia diffusion was shown to be modified according to the external proton availability. For sodium absorption, significant changes were caused by indirect modifications of intracellular pH brought about by addition of acetazolamide inside or ammonia outside or by acidification of the internal or external medium. The relationship between sodium and proton transport was further confirmed by the action of the drug amiloride and the measurement of H+ excretion. A possible model representing sodium, proton and ammonia transport through the gill epithelium is proposed.

Dikes on permafrost foundations in northern Manitoba

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Macpherson ◽  
G. H. Watson ◽  
A. Koropatnick
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
Ice Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Design And Construction

The development of hydro-electric power within the areas of low relief of northern Canada often requires long dikes to impound a reservoir. Much of this region lies within a zone of discontinuous permafrost, and dike design must allow for foundations varying from soft alluvial materials which will settle during or shortly after construction, to frozen strata with a high ice content which will settle as the ice thaws due to heat loss from the reservoir.This paper describes the approach to design and construction of dikes for the Kettle Generating Station in northern Manitoba, and includes a description of the instrumentation installed in an attempt to correlate the relationship between the rate of thawing of the permafrost and the rate of drainage of free water from the foundation.

Excretion of Salt and Water by Patients with Sickle-Cell Anaemia: Effect of a Diuretic and Solute Diuresis

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Forrester ◽  
G. A. O. Alleyne
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
Ethacrynic Acid ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Loop Of Henle ◽  
Water Reabsorption

1. Patients with sickle-cell anaemia were unable to increase free water reabsorption (TcH2O) in response to intravenous hypertonic sodium chloride solution. 2. Ethacrynic acid caused a brisk natriuresis in patients with sickle-cell anaemia but fractional sodium excretion was lower in these patients. 3. These findings could be explained by abnormal function of the loop of Henle.

Deterioration of the cell wall in waterlogged wooden archeological artifacts, 2400 years old

IAWA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Guo ◽  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Liuyang Han ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Ftir Microscopy ◽  
Ms Imaging ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Spongy Texture ◽  
Gab Model ◽  
Archeological Artifacts ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The relationship between the cell wall ultrastructure of waterlogged wooden archeological artifacts and the state of water bound to cell walls and free in voids is fundamental to develop consolidating and drying technologies. Herein, a lacquer-wooden ware and a boat-coffin dating 4th century BC were selected as representative artifacts to study. Wood anatomy results indicated that they belonged to Idesia sp. and Machilus sp., respectively. They exhibited a typical spongy texture, as revealed by SEM observations, and their water contents had increased significantly. Solid state NMR, Py-GC/MS, imaging FTIR microscopy and 2D-XRD results demonstrated that the deterioration resulted from the partial cleavages of both polysaccharide backbones and cellulose hydrogen-bonding networks, almost complete elimination of acetyl side chains of hemicellulose, the partial depletion of β-O-4 interlinks, as well as oxidation and demethylation/demethoxylation of lignin. These further caused the disoriented arrangement of crystalline cellulose, and the decrease in cellulose crystallite dimensions and crystallinity. In consequence, mesopores and macropores formed, and the number of moisture-adsorbed sites and their accessibility increased. Moreover, results on free water deduced by the changes of pore structure and the maximum monolayer water capacity achieved by the GAB model indicated that water in waterlogged archeological wooden artifacts was mainly free water in mesopores.

Effects of atriopeptin infusion versus effects of left atrial stretch in awake dogs

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. R221-R226 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Goetz ◽  
B. C. Wang ◽  
P. G. Geer ◽  
W. D. Sundet ◽  
P. Needleman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamic ◽  
Left Atrial Distension

We infused synthetic atriopeptin III intravenously into 10 conscious dogs while monitoring renal function and systemic hemodynamics. The results obtained from these infusion experiments were compared with results from other experiments in which left atrial distension was performed in the same dogs. Both atriopeptin infusion and left atrial distension caused significant increases in urine flow, sodium excretion, potassium excretion, and free water reabsorption and a significant decrease in renal blood flow. On the other hand, the pattern of systemic hemodynamic responses to atriopeptin infusion were quite different from the hemodynamic responses elicited by left atrial distension. However, there was a striking concordance between the renal effects of atriopeptin and those of left atrial distension. We therefore hypothesize that the renal response to left atrial distension in the conscious dog is mediated largely by the release of natriuretic peptides from the atria.

Acute effects of lithium on the renal concentrating mechanism in a primate

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Webb ◽  
PB Woodhall ◽  
CC Tisher ◽  
RR Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Free Water Clearance ◽  
Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Renal Concentrating Mechanism ◽  
Acute Lithium

Although chronic lithium therapy has been associated with a defect in the urinary concentrating mechanism, short-term renal effects of lithium have received little attention in the intact animal. Solute-free water reabsorption (T-cH2O) and free water clearance (CH2O) were measured in primates of the genus Galago under control conditions and while animals were receiving either 0.5 mmol/kg-h or 1.0 mmol/kg-h lithium chloride (135 mM) intravenously. CH2O was unchanged by lithium infusion (P greater than 0.10), whereas T-cH2O was significantly depressed at all levels of osmolal clearance (P smaller than 0.01). Spontaneous recovery of near-normal T-cH2O was documented in two animals within 1 wk following acute lithium infusion. In addition it was observed that lithium-induced depression of T-cH2O could be partially prevented by pretreatment with intravenous amiloride. These results suggest that alterations in the renal concentrating mechanism can occur rapidly following the onset of lithium administration. They also imply that impairment of the renal concentrating mechanism by lithium is due at least in part to antagonism of the action of vasopressin on the collecting duct.

scholarly journals PGE2 EP1 receptor inhibits vasopressin-dependent water reabsorption and sodium transport in mouse collecting duct

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Nasrallah ◽  
Joseph Zimpelmann ◽  
David Eckert ◽  
Jamie Ghossein ◽  
Sean Geddes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Transport ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Ep1 Receptor
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