Writing and erasing O-GlcNAc from target proteins in cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Ge ◽  
Christina M. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Target Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Site Selectivity ◽  
Reversible Modification ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Proteins ◽  
In Cells

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a widespread reversible modification on nucleocytoplasmic proteins that plays an important role in many biochemical processes and is highly relevant to numerous human diseases. The O-GlcNAc modification has diverse functional impacts on individual proteins and glycosites, and methods for editing this modification on substrates are essential to decipher these functions. Herein, we review recent progress in developing methods for O-GlcNAc regulation, with a focus on methods for editing O-GlcNAc with protein- and site-selectivity in cells. The applications, advantages, and limitations of currently available strategies for writing and erasing O-GlcNAc and future directions are also discussed. These emerging approaches to manipulate O-GlcNAc on a target protein in cells will greatly accelerate the development of functional studies and enable therapeutic interventions in the O-GlcNAc field.

scholarly journals The neurobiology of aggression and violence

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Rosell ◽  
Larry J. Siever
Keyword(s):  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health

Aggression and violence represent a significant public health concern and a clinical challenge for the mental healthcare provider. A great deal has been revealed regarding the neurobiology of violence and aggression, and an integration of this body of knowledge will ultimately serve to advance clinical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. We will review here the latest findings regarding the neurobiology of aggression and violence. First, we will introduce the construct of aggression, with a focus on issues related to its heterogeneity, as well as the importance of refining the aggression phenotype in order to reduce pathophysiologic variability. Next we will examine the neuroanatomy of aggression and violence, focusing on regional volumes, functional studies, and interregional connectivity. Significant emphasis will be on the amygdala, as well as amygdala–frontal circuitry. Then we will turn our attention to the neurochemistry and molecular genetics of aggression and violence, examining the extensive findings on the serotonergic system, as well as the growing literature on the dopaminergic and vasopressinergic systems. We will also address the contribution of steroid hormones, namely, cortisol and testosterone. Finally, we will summarize these findings with a focus on reconciling inconsistencies and potential clinical implications; and, then we will suggest areas of focus for future directions in the field.

Dual‐hormone artificial pancreas for management of type 1 diabetes: Recent progress and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Infante ◽  
David A. Baidal ◽  
Michael R. Rickels ◽  
Andrea Fabbri ◽  
Jay S. Skyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Future Directions

O‐GlcNAc Engineering on a Target Protein in Cells with Nanobody‐OGT and Nanobody‐splitOGA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Ramirez ◽  
Yun Ge ◽  
Christina M. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Target Protein ◽  
In Cells

scholarly journals Recent progress in orexin/hypocretin physiology and pharmacology

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki P. Kukkonen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Future Directions

AbstractOrexin peptides and their cognate receptors were discovered 14 years ago. They soon took a very central position in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Active studies have further elucidated these functions as well as the role of orexins in, for instance, appetite, metabolism, analgesia, addiction, and stress response. This review summarizes all the important fields but especially aims at focusing on novel findings and future directions.

scholarly journals Bioengineering Approaches to Accelerate Clinical Translation of Stem Cell Therapies Treating Osteochondral Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yixuan Luo ◽  
Yin Yu ◽  
Fei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Osteochondral Repair ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

The osteochondral tissue is an interface between articular cartilage and bone. The diverse composition, mechanical properties, and cell phenotype in these two tissues pose a big challenge for the reconstruction of the defected interface. Due to the availability and inherent regenerative therapeutic properties, stem cells provide tremendous promise to repair osteochondral defect. This review is aimed at highlighting recent progress in utilizing bioengineering approaches to improve stem cell therapies for osteochondral diseases, which include microgel encapsulation, adhesive bioinks, and bioprinting to control the administration and distribution. We will also explore utilizing synthetic biology tools to control the differentiation fate and deliver therapeutic biomolecules to modulate the immune response. Finally, future directions and opportunities in the development of more potent and predictable stem cell therapies for osteochondral repair are discussed.

scholarly journals Insulin - producing cells derived from stem cells: recent progress and future directions

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santana ◽  
R. Enseñat - Waser ◽  
María Isabel Arribas ◽  
J. A. Reig ◽  
E. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells

Directed evolution approaches for optogenetic tool development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewan Jang ◽  
G. Andrew Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Tool Development ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Molecular Events

Photoswitchable proteins enable specific molecular events occurring in complex biological settings to be probed in a rapid and reversible fashion. Recent progress in the development of photoswitchable proteins as components of optogenetic tools has been greatly facilitated by directed evolution approaches in vitro, in bacteria, or in yeast. We review these developments and suggest future directions for this rapidly advancing field.

scholarly journals Signal Transduction in Leaf Senescence: Progress and Perspective

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Ahmad ◽  
Yongfeng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Nutrient Remobilization ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Inducing Factors

Leaf senescence is a degenerative process that is genetically controlled and involves nutrient remobilization prior to the death of leaf tissues. Age is a key developmental determinant of the process along with other senescence inducing factors. At the cellular level, different hormones, signaling molecules, and transcription factors contribute to the regulation of senescence. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the complexity of the senescence process with primary focuses on perception and transduction of senescence signals as well as downstream regulatory events. Future directions in this field and potential applications of related techniques in crop improvement will be discussed.

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