scholarly journals Pi sensing and signalling: from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 766-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjun Qi ◽  
Stephen A. Baldwin ◽  
Stephen P. Muench ◽  
Alison Baker
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Insight Into

Phosphorus is one of the most important macronutrients and is indispensable for all organisms as a critical structural component as well as participating in intracellular signalling and energy metabolism. Sensing and signalling of phosphate (Pi) has been extensively studied and is well understood in single-cellular organisms like bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In comparison, the mechanism of Pi regulation in plants is less well understood despite recent advances in this area. In most soils the available Pi limits crop yield, therefore a clearer understanding of the molecular basis underlying Pi sensing and signalling is of great importance for the development of plants with improved Pi use efficiency. This mini-review compares some of the main Pi regulation pathways in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and identifies similarities and differences among different organisms, as well as providing some insight into future research.

Role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad9 protein in sensing and responding to DNA damage

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W.-L. Toh ◽  
N.F. Lowndes
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Genome Damage ◽  
Dna Damage Checkpoints ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Sense And Respond ◽  
Insight Into

Eukaryotic cells have evolved surveillance mechanisms, known as DNA-damage checkpoints, that sense and respond to genome damage. DNA-damage checkpoint pathways ensure co-ordinated cellular responses to DNA damage, including cell cycle delays and activation of repair mechanisms. RAD9, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was the first damage checkpoint gene to be identified, although its biochemical function remained unknown until recently. This review examines briefly work that provides significant insight into how Rad9 activates the checkpoint signalling kinase Rad53.

scholarly journals Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Gene System as Containment Control in Yeast Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 5524-5526 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kristoffersen ◽  
G. B. Jensen ◽  
K. Gerdes ◽  
J. Piškur
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Bacterial Toxin ◽  
Containment Control ◽  
Industrial Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Gene System ◽  
Potential Applications

ABSTRACT The potential of a bacterial toxin-antitoxin gene system for use in containment control in eukaryotes was explored. The Escherichia coli relE and relB genes were expressed in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Expression of therelE gene was highly toxic to yeast cells. However, expression of the relB gene counteracted the effect ofrelE to some extent, suggesting that toxin-antitoxin interaction also occurs in S. cerevisiae. Thus, bacterial toxin-antitoxin gene systems also have potential applications in the control of cell proliferation in eukaryotic cells, especially in those industrial fermentation processes in which the escape of genetically modified cells would be considered highly risky.

scholarly journals Perspectives of Legal Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-282
Author(s):  
Mateja Čehulić
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Insight Into

Despite many doubts and criticisms, the use and popularity of the term legal culture have been growing steadily since 1969, when Lawrence Friedman first coined it. Regardless of the difficulties in conceptualising and operationalising legal culture, it is widely used in research and theoretical work. This paper investigates how researchers are overcoming conceptual issues, as well as the similarities and differences in approaches to legal culture and their effects on the comprehensibility and coherence of the concept. Through a systematic literature review of scholarly papers published in two citation bibliographic databases – Web of Science and Scopus – that contain the term legal culture in the title, this paper identifies definitions of legal culture, theoretical assumptions, research methods and specific topics depicted within the field of legal culture. The analysis indicates heterogeneous approaches to legal culture, accompanied by inconsistency in understanding and applying the concept. The notion of legal culture is related to various topics but mainly used as an intervening variable; without empirical research, authors use the term as hypothetical and self-evident, assuming its impact on law and society. Besides, the analysis identified various forms of defining and explaining the legal culture and different methodologies, amongst which a descriptive approach prevails. Based on the insight into scholarly articles on legal culture, the review concludes with suggestions for improving future research and the explanatory power of legal culture.

scholarly journals A bacteria-derived tail anchor localizes to peroxisomes in yeast and mammalian cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güleycan Lutfullahoğlu-Bal ◽  
Ayşe Bengisu Seferoğlu ◽  
Abdurrahman Keskinb ◽  
Emel Akdoğan ◽  
Cory D. Dunna
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Peroxisomal Biogenesis ◽  
Endogenous Role ◽  
Excellent Tool ◽  
Peroxisomal Function

ABSTRACTProkaryotes can provide new genetic information to eukaryotes by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and such transfers are likely to have been particularly consequential at the dawn of eukaryogenesis. Since eukaryotes are highly compartmentalized, it is worthwhile to consider the mechanisms by which newly transferred proteins might reach diverse organellar destinations. Toward this goal, we have focused our attention upon the behavior of bacteria-derived tail anchors (TAs) expressed in the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we report that a predicted membrane-associated domain of the Escherichia coli YgiM protein is specifically trafficked to peroxisomes in budding yeast, can be found at a pre-peroxisomal compartment (PPC) upon disruption of peroxisomal biogenesis, and can functionally replace an endogenous peroxisome-directed TA. Furthermore, the YgiM(TA) can also localize to peroxisomes in mammalian cells. Since the YgiM(TA) plays no endogenous role in peroxisomal function or assembly, this domain is likely to serve as an excellent tool toward illumination of the mechanisms by which TAs can travel to peroxisomes. Moreover, our findings emphasize the ease with which bacteria-derived sequences might target to organelles in eukaryotic cells following HGT, and we discuss the importance of flexible recognition of organelle targeting information during and after eukaryogenesis.

Microbe Engineering of Guaia-6,10(14)-diene as a Building Block for the Semisynthetic Production of Plant-Derived (−)-Englerin A

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Siemon ◽  
Zhangqian Wang ◽  
Guangkai Bian ◽  
Tobias Seitz ◽  
Ziling Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Economical Method ◽  
Englerin A ◽  
Transient Receptor

Herein, we report the semisynthetic production of the potent transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel agonist (−)-englerin A (EA), using guaia-6,10(14)-diene as the starting material. Guaia-6,10(14)-diene was systematically engineered in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and produced with high titers. This provided us the opportunity to execute a concise chemical synthesis of EA and the two related guaianes (−)-oxyphyllol and (+)-orientalol E. The potentially scalable approach combines the advantages of synthetic biology and chemical synthesis and provides an efficient and economical method for producing EA as well as its analogs.

Microbe Engineering of Guaia-6,10(14)-diene as a Building Block for the Semisynthetic Production of Plant-Derived (−)-Englerin A

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Siemon ◽  
Zhangqian Wang ◽  
Guangkai Bian ◽  
Tobias Seitz ◽  
Ziling Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Economical Method ◽  
Englerin A ◽  
Transient Receptor

Herein, we report the semisynthetic production of the potent transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel agonist (−)-englerin A (EA), using guaia-6,10(14)-diene as the starting material. Guaia-6,10(14)-diene was systematically engineered in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and produced with high titers. This provided us the opportunity to execute a concise chemical synthesis of EA and the two related guaianes (−)-oxyphyllol and (+)-orientalol E. The potentially scalable approach combines the advantages of synthetic biology and chemical synthesis and provides an efficient and economical method for producing EA as well as its analogs.

Improving Intrinsic Water-Use Efficiency and Crop Yield

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Condon ◽  
R. A. Richards ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
G. D. Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Remodeling of Mitochondria in Cardiac Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Sun ◽  
Jalen Alford ◽  
Hongyu Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Functional Remodeling ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Remodeling ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

Mitochondria undergo structural and functional remodeling to meet the cell demand in response to the intracellular and extracellular stimulations, playing an essential role in maintaining normal cellular function. Merging evidence demonstrated that dysregulation of mitochondrial remodeling is a fundamental driving force of complex human diseases, highlighting its crucial pathophysiological roles and therapeutic potential. In this review, we outlined the progress of the molecular basis of mitochondrial structural and functional remodeling and their regulatory network. In particular, we summarized the latest evidence of the fundamental association of impaired mitochondrial remodeling in developing diverse cardiac diseases and the underlying mechanisms. We also explored the therapeutic potential related to mitochondrial remodeling and future research direction. This updated information would improve our knowledge of mitochondrial biology and cardiac diseases’ pathogenesis, which would inspire new potential strategies for treating these diseases by targeting mitochondria remodeling.

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