Structural and functional interactions within ryanodine receptor

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Seidel ◽  
F. Anthony Lai ◽  
Spyros Zissimopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Subunit Interactions ◽  
Release Channel ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Channel Regulation

The ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel plays a pivotal role in skeletal and cardiac muscle excitation–contraction coupling. Defective regulation leads to neuromuscular disorders and arrhythmogenic cardiac disease. This mini-review focuses on channel regulation through structural intra- and inter-subunit interactions and their implications in ryanodine receptor pathophysiology.

scholarly journals The recombinant dihydropyridine receptor II–III loop and partly structured ‘C’ region peptides modify cardiac ryanodine receptor activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 385 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela F. DULHUNTY ◽  
Yamuna KARUNASEKARA ◽  
Suzanne M. CURTIS ◽  
Peta J. HARVEY ◽  
Philip G. BOARD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Contraction Coupling

A physical association between the II–III loop of the DHPR (dihydropryidine receptor) and the RyR (ryanodine receptor) is essential for excitation–contraction coupling in skeletal, but not cardiac, muscle. However, peptides corresponding to a part of the II–III loop interact with the cardiac RyR2 suggesting the possibility of a physical coupling between the proteins. Whether the full II–III loop and its functionally important ‘C’ region (cardiac DHPR residues 855–891 or skeletal 724–760) interact with cardiac RyR2 is not known and is examined in the present study. Both the cardiac DHPR II–III loop (CDCL) and cardiac peptide (Cc) activated RyR2 channels at concentrations >10 nM. The skeletal DHPR II–III loop (SDCL) activated channels at ≤100 nM and weakly inhibited at ≥1 μM. In contrast, skeletal peptide (Cs) inhibited channels at all concentrations when added alone, or was ineffective if added in the presence of Cc. Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum was enhanced by CDCL, SDCL and the C peptides. The results indicate that the interaction between the II–III loop and RyR2 depends critically on the ‘A’ region (skeletal DHPR residues 671–690 or cardiac 793–812) and also involves the C region. Structure analysis indicated that (i) both Cs and Cc are random coil at room temperature, but, at 5 °C, have partial helical regions in their N-terminal and central parts, and (ii) secondary-structure profiles for CDCL and SDCL are similar. The data provide novel evidence that the DHPR II–III loop and its C region interact with cardiac RyR2, and that the ability to interact is not isoform-specific.

scholarly journals Complex interactions between skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor and dihydropyridine receptor proteins

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Leong ◽  
David H MacLennan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Dihydropyridine Receptor ◽  
Release Channel ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Receptor Proteins ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Complex Interactions

Evidence for functional interactions between the Ca2+ release channel in the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (the ryanodine receptor) and the L-type Ca2+ channel in the sarcolemma (the dihydropyridine receptor), leading to excitation-contraction coupling, is reviewed and experimental systems used to identify candidate sites of interaction are outlined.Key words: sarcoplasmic reticulum, excitation-contraction coupling.

Ryanodine modifies conductance and gating behavior of single Ca2+ release channel

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. C364-C368 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rousseau ◽  
J. S. Smith ◽  
G. Meissner
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Planar Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Open Probability ◽  
Release Channel ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Contraction Coupling

Ryanodine affects excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal and cardiac muscle by specifically interacting with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel. The effect of the drug at the single channel level was studied by incorporating skeletal and cardiac SR vesicles into planar lipid bilayers. The two channels were activated by micromolar free Ca2+ and millimolar ATP and inhibited by Mg2+ and ruthenium red. Addition of micromolar concentrations of ryanodine decreased about twofold the unit conductance of the Ca2+- and ATP-activated skeletal and cardiac channels. A second effect of ryanodine was to increase the open probability (Po) of the channels in such a way that Po was close to unity under a variety of activating and inactivating conditions. The effects of ryanodine were long lasting in that removal of ryanodine by perfusion did not return the channels into their fully conducting state.

scholarly journals Effects of mitochondrial uncoupling on Ca2+ signaling during excitation-contraction coupling in atrial myocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (7) ◽  
pp. H983-H993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Zima ◽  
Malikarjuna R. Pabbidi ◽  
Stephen L. Lipsius ◽  
Lothar A. Blatter
Keyword(s):  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Atrial Myocytes ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Release Channel ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
Reverse Mode

Mitochondria play an important role in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) regulation in the heart. We studied sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release in cat atrial myocytes during depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) induced by the protonophore FCCP. FCCP caused an initial decrease of action potential-induced Ca2+ transient amplitude and frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ waves followed by partial recovery despite partially depleted SR Ca2+ stores. In the presence of oligomycin, FCCP only exerted a stimulatory effect on Ca2+ transients and Ca2+ wave frequency, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of FCCP was mediated by ATP consumption through reverse-mode operation of mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase. ΔΨm depolarization was accompanied by cytosolic acidification, increases of diastolic [Ca2+]i, intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i), and intracellular Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]i), and a decrease of intracellular ATP concentration ([ATP]i); however, glycolytic ATP production partially compensated for the exhaustion of mitochondrial ATP supplies. In conclusion, the initial inhibition of Ca2+ transients and waves resulted from suppression of ryanodine receptor SR Ca2+ release channel activity by a decrease in [ATP], an increase of [Mg2+]i, and cytoplasmic acidification. The later stimulation resulted from reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering and cytosolic Na+ and Ca2+ accumulation, leading to enhanced Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release and spontaneous Ca2+ release in the form of Ca2+ waves. ΔΨm depolarization and the ensuing consequences of mitochondrial uncoupling observed here (intracellular acidification, decrease of [ATP]i, increase of [Na+]i and [Mg2+]i, and Ca2+ overload) are hallmarks of ischemia. These findings may therefore provide insight into the consequences of mitochondrial uncoupling for ion homeostasis, SR Ca2+ release, and excitation-contraction coupling in ischemia at the cellular and subcellular level.

scholarly journals Triadin Binding to the C-Terminal Luminal Loop of the Ryanodine Receptor is Important for Skeletal Muscle Excitation–Contraction Coupling

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeewa A. Goonasekera ◽  
Nicole A. Beard ◽  
Linda Groom ◽  
Takashi Kimura ◽  
Alla D. Lyfenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Double Mutation ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
Functional Studies

Ca2+ release from intracellular stores is controlled by complex interactions between multiple proteins. Triadin is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle that interacts with both calsequestrin and the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) to communicate changes in luminal Ca2+ to the release machinery. However, the potential impact of the triadin association with RyR1 in skeletal muscle excitation–contraction coupling remains elusive. Here we show that triadin binding to RyR1 is critically important for rapid Ca2+ release during excitation–contraction coupling. To assess the functional impact of the triadin-RyR1 interaction, we expressed RyR1 mutants in which one or more of three negatively charged residues (D4878, D4907, and E4908) in the terminal RyR1 intraluminal loop were mutated to alanines in RyR1-null (dyspedic) myotubes. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed that triadin, but not junctin, binding to RyR1 was abolished in the triple (D4878A/D4907A/E4908A) mutant and one of the double (D4907A/E4908A) mutants, partially reduced in the D4878A/D4907A double mutant, but not affected by either individual (D4878A, D4907A, E4908A) mutations or the D4878A/E4908A double mutation. Functional studies revealed that the rate of voltage- and ligand-gated SR Ca2+ release were reduced in proportion to the degree of interruption in triadin binding. Ryanodine binding, single channel recording, and calcium release experiments conducted on WT and triple mutant channels in the absence of triadin demonstrated that the luminal loop mutations do not directly alter RyR1 function. These findings demonstrate that junctin and triadin bind to different sites on RyR1 and that triadin plays an important role in ensuring rapid Ca2+ release during excitation–contraction coupling in skeletal muscle.

Interaction of Bupivacaine and Tetracaine with the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+Release Channel of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles 

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirochika Komai ◽  
Andrew J. Lokuta
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Maximal Inhibition ◽  
Release Channel

Background Although various local anesthetics can cause histologic damage to skeletal muscle when injected intramuscularly, bupivacaine appears to have an exceptionally high rate of myotoxicity. Research has suggested that an effect of bupivacaine on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release is involved in its myotoxicity, but direct evidence is lacking. Furthermore, it is not known whether the toxicity depends on the unique chemical characteristics of bupivacaine and whether the toxicity is found only in skeletal muscle. Methods The authors studied the effects of bupivacaine and the similarly lipid-soluble local anesthetic, tetracaine, on the Ca2+ release channel-ryanodine receptor of sarcoplasmic reticulum in swine skeletal and cardiac muscle. [3H]Ryanodine binding was used to measure the activity of the Ca2+ release channel-ryanodine receptors in microsomes of both muscles. Results Bupivacaine enhanced (by two times at 5 mM) and inhibited (66% inhibition at 10 mM) [3H]ryanodine binding to skeletal muscle microsomes. In contrast, only inhibitory effects were observed with cardiac microsomes (about 3 mM for half-maximal inhibition). Tetracaine, which inhibits [3H]ryanodine binding to skeletal muscle microsomes, also inhibited [3H]ryanodine binding to cardiac muscle microsomes (half-maximal inhibition at 99 microM). Conclusions Bupivacaine's ability to enhance Ca2+ release channel-ryanodine receptor activity of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum most likely contributes to the myotoxicity of this local anesthetic. Thus, the pronounced myotoxicity of bupivacaine may be the result of this specific effect on Ca2+ release channel-ryanodine receptor superimposed on a nonspecific action on lipid bilayers to increase the Ca2+ permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes, an effect shared by all local anesthetics. The specific action of tetracaine to inhibit Ca2+ release channel-ryanodine receptor activity may in part counterbalance the nonspecific action, resulting in moderate myotoxicity.

Contribution of anti-ryanodine receptor antibody to impairment of excitation–contraction coupling in myasthenia gravis

2012 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomihiro Imai ◽  
Emiko Tsuda ◽  
Takayoshi Hozuki ◽  
Hiroaki Yoshikawa ◽  
Rika Yamauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
Receptor Antibody

Calmodulin and Excitation-Contraction Coupling

Physiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Hamilton ◽  
Irina Serysheva ◽  
Gale M. Strasburg
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Release Channel ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Transverse Tubule ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Precise Role

Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac and skeletal muscle involves the transverse-tubule voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel and the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel. Both of these ion channels bind and are modulated by calmodulin in both its Ca2+-bound and Ca2+-free forms. Calmodulin is, therefore, potentially an important regulator of excitation-contraction coupling. Its precise role, however, has not yet been defined.

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