Regulation of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and implications for cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margreet C.M. Vissers ◽  
Caroline Kuiper ◽  
Gabi U. Dachs
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Metabolic Sensing ◽  
Dioxygenase Enzymes ◽  
Dioxygenase Activity ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

There is growing interest in the family of 2-OG (2-oxoglutarate)-dependent dioxygenase enzymes that catalyse the hydroxylation of a wide range of organic targets. Members of this family that regulate the cell's hypoxic response and epigenetic processes, particularly the demethylation of histones and DNA, have been identified in mammalian cells. The dependence of these enzymes on molecular oxygen and 2-OG as obligatory substrates, together with their need for iron and ascorbate as cofactors, has implications for their role as metabolic sensors. The oxygen-sensing property is utilized by the hydroxylases that regulate hypoxia-inducible factor and this has been well characterized, particularly with respect to tumour biology. However, the potential for metabolic sensing more generally is also of interest, and future research will expand our understanding of the effect of mitochondrial viability and nutrient (iron and ascorbate) supply on 2-OG-dependent dioxygenase activity.

Childlessness and Health Among Older Adults: Variation Across Five Outcomes and 20 Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nekehia T Quashie ◽  
Bruno Arpino ◽  
Radoslaw Antczak ◽  
Christine A Mair
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aging Policy ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives No previous study to the best of our knowledge has examined the association between childlessness and health using a wide range of countries and health outcomes. This study improves previous literature by examining the relationship between “childlessness” (1 = childless for any reason, 0 = parent of biological, step, or adopted child) and health across 20 countries and five health outcomes. Methods Drawing on cross-sectional harmonized data from the family of Health and Retirement Surveys across the United States (HRS, Wave 11), Europe (SHARE, Waves 4 and 5), Mexico (MHAS, Wave 3), and China (CHARLS, Wave 2), we use logistic regression models to estimate the association between childlessness and poor health (poor self-rated health, 1 or more ADL limitations, 1 or more IADL limitations, 1 or more chronic conditions, and depression) in a sample of adults aged 50 and older across 20 countries (N = 109,648). Results Our results point to an absence of associations between childlessness and health, and suggest that childlessness may be associated with better (e.g., Mexico, Hungary) or worse health (e.g., Austria, Estonia, Netherlands, Poland) in certain contexts and for certain measures. Discussion We discuss these findings in light of the meaning of childlessness, as well as cross-national economic, social, and cultural contexts to provide suggestions for aging policy and future research.

PROTACs: Promising Approaches for Epigenetic Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F. Giardina ◽  
Elena Valdambrini ◽  
J. David Warren ◽  
Francis Barany
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Modulation ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Epigenetic modulation of gene expression is essential for tissue-specific development and maintenance in mammalian cells. Disruption of epigenetic processes, and the subsequent alteration of gene functions, can result in inappropriate activation or inhibition of various cellular signaling pathways and thus, lead to cancer. Recent advancements in the understanding of the role of epigenetics in cancer initiation and progression have uncovered functions for DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic therapies have shown some promise for hematological malignancies, and a wide range of epigenetic-based drugs are undergoing clinical trials. However, in a dynamic survival strategy, cancer cells exploit their heterogeneous population which frequently results in the rapid acquisition of therapy resistance. Here, we describe novel approaches in drug discovery targeting the epigenome, highlighting recent advances the selective degradation of target proteins using Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) to address drug resistance.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequence of the Orchid Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum orchidophilum

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 979-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Baroncelli ◽  
Serenella A. Sukno ◽  
Sabrina Sarrocco ◽  
Giovanni Cafà ◽  
Gaetan Le Floch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Evolutionary Studies

Colletotrichum orchidophilum is a plant-pathogenic fungus infecting a wide range of plant species belonging to the family Orchidaceae. In addition to its economic impact, C. orchidophilum has been used in recent years in evolutionary studies because it represents the closest related species to the C. acutatum species complex. Here, we present the first-draft whole-genome sequence of C. orchidophilum IMI 309357, providing a resource for future research on anthracnose of Orchidaceae and other hosts.

scholarly journals Measuring the Quality of Family—Professional Partnerships in Special Education Services

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Ann Summers ◽  
Lesa Hoffman ◽  
Janet Marquis ◽  
Ann Turnbull ◽  
Denise Poston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Education Services ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
General Instrument ◽  
Families With Children

One difficulty in monitoring the quality of family—professional partnerships has been the lack of a psychometrically acceptable and sufficiently general instrument with which to assess them. The current work describes the development of the Family—Professional Partnership Scale, which assesses parents' perceptions of the importance of and their satisfaction with family—professional partnerships. Indicators were constructed from qualitative research on families with children with and without disabilities, and the scale was refined across two field tests that included families with children with a wide range of ages and disability types and severity. Both the 18-item overall scale and the two 9-item subscales demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. The possible uses of this scale in future research and service delivery are discussed.

Comparative Effects of High-Tech Visual Scene Displays and Low-Tech Isolated Picture Symbols on Engagement From Students With Multiple Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Holyfield ◽  
Sydney Brooks ◽  
Allison Schluterman
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an intervention approach that can promote communication and language in children with multiple disabilities who are beginning communicators. While a wide range of AAC technologies are available, little is known about the comparative effects of specific technology options. Given that engagement can be low for beginning communicators with multiple disabilities, the current study provides initial information about the comparative effects of 2 AAC technology options—high-tech visual scene displays (VSDs) and low-tech isolated picture symbols—on engagement. Method Three elementary-age beginning communicators with multiple disabilities participated. The study used a single-subject, alternating treatment design with each technology serving as a condition. Participants interacted with their school speech-language pathologists using each of the 2 technologies across 5 sessions in a block randomized order. Results According to visual analysis and nonoverlap of all pairs calculations, all 3 participants demonstrated more engagement with the high-tech VSDs than the low-tech isolated picture symbols as measured by their seconds of gaze toward each technology option. Despite the difference in engagement observed, there was no clear difference across the 2 conditions in engagement toward the communication partner or use of the AAC. Conclusions Clinicians can consider measuring engagement when evaluating AAC technology options for children with multiple disabilities and should consider evaluating high-tech VSDs as 1 technology option for them. Future research must explore the extent to which differences in engagement to particular AAC technologies result in differences in communication and language learning over time as might be expected.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

The Attenuation of Very Low Frequency Brain Oscillations in Transitions from a Rest State to Active Attention

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzannah K. Helps ◽  
Samantha J. Broyd ◽  
Christopher J. James ◽  
Anke Karl ◽  
Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interference Hypothesis ◽  
Mode Interference

Background: The default mode interference hypothesis ( Sonuga-Barke & Castellanos, 2007 ) predicts (1) the attenuation of very low frequency oscillations (VLFO; e.g., .05 Hz) in brain activity within the default mode network during the transition from rest to task, and (2) that failures to attenuate in this way will lead to an increased likelihood of periodic attention lapses that are synchronized to the VLFO pattern. Here, we tested these predictions using DC-EEG recordings within and outside of a previously identified network of electrode locations hypothesized to reflect DMN activity (i.e., S3 network; Helps et al., 2008 ). Method: 24 young adults (mean age 22.3 years; 8 male), sampled to include a wide range of ADHD symptoms, took part in a study of rest to task transitions. Two conditions were compared: 5 min of rest (eyes open) and a 10-min simple 2-choice RT task with a relatively high sampling rate (ISI 1 s). DC-EEG was recorded during both conditions, and the low-frequency spectrum was decomposed and measures of the power within specific bands extracted. Results: Shift from rest to task led to an attenuation of VLFO activity within the S3 network which was inversely associated with ADHD symptoms. RT during task also showed a VLFO signature. During task there was a small but significant degree of synchronization between EEG and RT in the VLFO band. Attenuators showed a lower degree of synchrony than nonattenuators. Discussion: The results provide some initial EEG-based support for the default mode interference hypothesis and suggest that failure to attenuate VLFO in the S3 network is associated with higher synchrony between low-frequency brain activity and RT fluctuations during a simple RT task. Although significant, the effects were small and future research should employ tasks with a higher sampling rate to increase the possibility of extracting robust and stable signals.

Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Studying the Processes of Socialization of a Modern Teenager

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Svetlana Alekseevna Raschetina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Making Friends ◽  
Main Support

Relevance and problem statement. Modern unstable society is characterized by narrowing the boundaries of controlled socialization and expanding the boundaries of spontaneous socialization of a teenager based on his immersion in the question arises about the importance of the family in the process of socialization of a teenager in the conditions of expanding the space of socialization. There is a need to study the role of the family in this process, to search, develop and test research methods that allow us to reveal the phenomenon of socialization from the side of its value characteristics. The purpose and methodology of the study: to identify the possibilities of a systematic and anthropological methodology for studying the role of the family in the process of socialization of adolescents in modern conditions, testing research methods: photo research on the topic “Ego – I” (author of the German sociologist H. Abels), profile update reflexive processes (by S. A. Raschetina). Materials and results of the study. The study showed that for all the problems that exist in the family of the perestroika era and in the modern family, it acts for a teenager as a value and the first (main) support in the processes of socialization. The positions well known in psychology about the importance of interpersonal relations in adolescence for the formation of attitudes towards oneself as the basis of socialization are confirmed. Today, the frontiers of making friends have expanded enormously on the basis of Internet communication. The types of activities of interest to a teenager (traditional and new ones related to digitalization) are the third pillar of socialization. Conclusion. The “Ego – I” method of photo research has a wide range of possibilities for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the socialization process to identify the value Pillars of this process.

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

COVID-19 Outbreak Prediction with Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Faizollahzadeh Ardabili ◽  
Amir Mosavi ◽  
Pedram Ghamisi ◽  
Filip Ferdinand ◽  
Annamaria R. Varkonyi-Koczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
High Level

Several outbreak prediction models for COVID-19 are being used by officials around the world to make informed-decisions and enforce relevant control measures. Among the standard models for COVID-19 global pandemic prediction, simple epidemiological and statistical models have received more attention by authorities, and they are popular in the media. Due to a high level of uncertainty and lack of essential data, standard models have shown low accuracy for long-term prediction. Although the literature includes several attempts to address this issue, the essential generalization and robustness abilities of existing models needs to be improved. This paper presents a comparative analysis of machine learning and soft computing models to predict the COVID-19 outbreak as an alternative to SIR and SEIR models. Among a wide range of machine learning models investigated, two models showed promising results (i.e., multi-layered perceptron, MLP, and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system, ANFIS). Based on the results reported here, and due to the highly complex nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and variation in its behavior from nation-to-nation, this study suggests machine learning as an effective tool to model the outbreak. This paper provides an initial benchmarking to demonstrate the potential of machine learning for future research. Paper further suggests that real novelty in outbreak prediction can be realized through integrating machine learning and SEIR models.

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