Depression during pregnancy: molecular regulations of mothers’ and children's behaviour

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine M. Pariante
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Response System ◽  
Stress Response System ◽  
Children’S Behaviour ◽  
Depression In Pregnancy ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
In Pregnancy

Depression in pregnancy (also called ‘antenatal depression’) is being increasingly recognized as a clinically relevant condition that affects obstetric outcome, maternal behaviour and children's future mental health. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanisms operating in utero that underlie the potential effects of antenatal depression on mothers’ and children's behaviour. In particular, I discuss evidence, coming largely from animal and cellular studies, that activation of the main hormonal stress-response system, the HPA (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal) axis, in mothers who are depressed during pregnancy may affect maternal care as well as offspring's behaviour and future psychopathology. The evidence summarized in the present review supports the notion that preventing or treating depression in pregnancy will alleviate not only the suffering of mothers, but also the suffering of the next generation.

scholarly journals Mother–infant interaction in women with depression in pregnancy and in women with a history of depression: the Psychiatry Research and Motherhood – Depression (PRAM-D) study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Bind ◽  
Alessandra Biaggi ◽  
Aoife Bairead ◽  
Andrea Du Preez ◽  
Katie Hazelgrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression ◽  
Depression In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background Little is known about the effects of depression before birth on the quality of the mother–infant interaction. Aims To understand whether depression, either in pregnancy or in lifetime before pregnancy, disrupts postnatal mother–infant interactions. Method We recruited 131 pregnant women (51 healthy, 52 with major depressive disorder (MDD) in pregnancy, 28 with a history of MDD but healthy pregnancy), at 25 weeks’ gestation. MDD was confirmed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders. Neonatal behaviour was assessed at 6 days with the Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale, and mother–infant interaction was assessed at 8 weeks and 12 months with the Crittenden CARE-Index. Results At 8 weeks and 12 months, dyads in the depression and history-only groups displayed a reduced quality of interaction compared with healthy dyads. Specifically, at 8 weeks, 62% in the depression group and 56% in the history-only group scored in the lowest category of dyadic synchrony (suggesting therapeutic interventions are needed), compared with 37% in the healthy group (P = 0.041); 48% and 32%, respectively, scored the same at 12 months, compared with 14% in the healthy group (P = 0.003). At 6 days, neonates in the depression and history-only groups exhibited decreased social-interactive behaviour, which, together with maternal socioeconomic difficulties, was also predictive of interaction quality, whereas postnatal depression was not. Conclusions Both antenatal depression and a lifetime history of depression are associated with a decreased quality of mother–infant interaction, irrespective of postnatal depression. Clinicians should be aware of this, as pregnancy provides an opportunity for identification and intervention to support the developing relationship.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms that enhance synapse stability despite persistent disruption of the spectrin/ankyrin/microtubule cytoskeleton

2009 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Massaro ◽  
Jan Pielage ◽  
Graeme W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Microtubule Cytoskeleton ◽  
Jnk Pathway ◽  
Response System ◽  
Endogenous Role ◽  
Stress Response System ◽  
Cytoskeletal Disruption

Loss of spectrin or ankyrin in the presynaptic motoneuron disrupts the synaptic microtubule cytoskeleton and leads to disassembly of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Here, we demonstrate that NMJ disassembly after loss of α-spectrin can be suppressed by expression of a WldS transgene, providing evidence for a Wallerian-type degenerative mechanism. We then identify a second signaling system. Enhanced MAPK-JNK-Fos signaling suppresses NMJ disassembly despite loss of presynaptic α-spectrin or ankyrin2-L. This signaling system is activated after an acute cytoskeletal disruption, suggesting an endogenous role during neurological stress. This signaling system also includes delayed, negative feedback via the JNK phosphatase puckered, which inhibits JNK-Fos to allow NMJ disassembly in the presence of persistent cytoskeletal stress. Finally, the MAPK-JNK pathway is not required for baseline NMJ stabilization during normal NMJ growth. We present a model in which signaling via JNK-Fos functions as a stress response system that is transiently activated after cytoskeletal disruption to enhance NMJ stability, and is then shut off allowing NMJ disassembly during persistent cytoskeletal disruption.

scholarly journals Predictors of Antenatal Depression in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Enyidah Nonyenim Solomon ◽  
Nonye-Enyidah Esther ◽  
Ibiebelem A. Jumbo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Depression In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Antenatal depression is very common in pregnant women all over the world. Women in the developing and poor countries are more at risk. Several risk factors have been identified and some of them may lead to unbearable pregnancy situations, that pose a threat to mother and the baby. If pregnancy must be made pleasurable for mothers, then the risk factors which predict depression in pregnancy must be identified and considered in antenatal care. Objective: To identify risk factors which are predictors to antenatal depression in pregnant women. Methods: Within the months of January and February 2021, all the pregnant women who registered for antenatal care in the teaching hospital, who met the study inclusion criteria were assessed for depression using the English version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS) and a study designed risk factor questionnaire, which contained socio-demographic variables and other factors. Data obtained were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. Variables were compared using chi squared and t-tests and p values < 0. 05 were statistically significant. Results: Five hundred (500) respondents completed the study, 158 (31.6%) were depressed. Risk factors of co-habiting, threats to life, and/or pregnancy, fight with spouse and other forms of abuse, previous abortions and child health challenges, were predictors of antenatal depression. Conclusion:  Depression in pregnancy should be part of routine antenatal care by obstetricians noting the predictors.

scholarly journals When nutrition interacts with osteoblast function: molecular mechanisms of polyphenols

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Trzeciakiewicz ◽  
Véronique Habauzit ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Horcajada
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Activator Protein 1 ◽  
Cellular Signalling ◽  
Osteoblast Function

Recent research has provided insights into dietary components that may optimise bone health and stimulate bone formation. Fruit and vegetable intake, as well as grains and other plant-derived food, have been linked to decreased risk of major chronic diseases including osteoporosis. This effect has been partially attributed to the polyphenols found in these foods. Thus, it has been suggested that these compounds may provide desirable bone health benefits through an action on bone cell metabolism. The present review will focus on how some polyphenols can modulate osteoblast function and reports which cellular signalling pathways are potentially implicated. However, to date, despite numerous investigations, few studies have provided clear evidence that phenolic compounds can act on osteoblasts. Polyphenols cited in the present review seem to be able to modulate the expression of transcription factors such as runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and Osterix, NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1). It appears that polyphenols may act on cellular signalling such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), oestrogen receptor and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (OPG/RANKL) and thus may affect osteoblast functions. However, it is also important to take in account the possible interaction of these compounds on osteoclast metabolism to better understand the positive correlation reported between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and bone mass.

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