scholarly journals Operational and technical considerations for microbial electrosynthesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Desloover ◽  
Jan B.A. Arends ◽  
Tom Hennebel ◽  
Korneel Rabaey
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extracellular Electron Transfer ◽  
Electrode Design ◽  
Product Removal ◽  
The One ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Technical Considerations

Extracellular electron transfer has, in one decade, emerged from an environmental phenomenon to an industrial process driver. On the one hand, electron transfer towards anodes leads to production of power or chemicals such as hydrogen, caustic soda and hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, electron transfer from cathodes enables bioremediation and bioproduction. Although the microbiology of extracellular electron transfer is increasingly being understood, bringing the processes to application requires a number of considerations that are both operational and technical. In the present paper, we investigate the key applied aspects related to electricity-driven bioproduction, including biofilm development, reactor and electrode design, substrate fluxes, surface chemistry, hydrodynamics and electrochemistry, and finally end-product removal/toxicity. Each of these aspects will be critical for the full exploitation of the intriguing physiological feat that extracellular electron transfer is today.

The effect of cation concentration on the nitrogen splitting constant of nitroxide free radicals

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 2377-2380
Author(s):  
Hamza A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Esr Spectroscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tetraethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Splitting Constant ◽  
The One ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Two Equilibria

Nitroxide free radicals prepared from diethylamine, piperidine and pyrrolidine by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide were studied by ESR spectroscopy. The changes in the 14N splitting constant (aN) caused by the addition of KBr or tetraethylammonium bromide were measured in dependence on the concentration of the ions. For diethylamine nitroxide and piperidine nitroxide, the results are discussed in terms of two equilibria: the one, involving the anion, is associated with a gain or loss of hydrogen bonds to the nitroxide oxygen atom, the other is associated with the formation of solvent shared units involving the cation, which results in changes in the hydrogen bonding strenght. The large increase in the aN value in the case of pyrrolidine nitroxide is explained in terms of an interaction from one side of the positively charged N atom; the increase in aN in the case of diethylamine and piperidine nitroxides is explained in terms of interactions with both sides of the positively charged N atom.

scholarly journals Sortase-assembled pili promote extracellular electron transfer and iron acquisition inEnterococcus faecalisbiofilm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Ning Lam ◽  
Jun Jie Wong ◽  
Artur Matysik ◽  
Jason J. Paxman ◽  
Kelvin Kian Long Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Extracellular Electron Transfer ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Terminal Electron Acceptor ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Biofilm Development

AbstractEnterococcus faecalisis an opportunistic human pathogen and the cause of biofilm-associated infections of the heart, catheterized urinary tract, wounds, and the dysbiotic gut where it can expand to high numbers upon microbiome perturbations. TheE. faecalissortase-assembled endocarditis and biofilm associated pilus (Ebp) is involved in adhesion and biofilm formationin vitroandin vivo. Extracellular electron transfer (EET) also promotesE. faecalisbiofilm formation in iron-rich environments, however neither the mechanism underlying EET nor its role in virulence was previously known. Here we show that iron associated with Ebp serve as a terminal electron acceptor for EET, leading to extracellular iron reduction and intracellular iron accumulation. We found that a MIDAS motif within the EbpA tip adhesin is required for interaction with iron, EET, and FeoB-mediated iron uptake. We demonstrate that MenB and Ndh3, essential components of the aerobic respiratory chain and a specialized flavin-mediated electron transport chain, respectively, are required for iron-mediated EET. In addition, using a mouse gastrointestinal (GI) colonization model, we show that EET is essential for colonization of the GI tract, and Ebp is essential for augmentedE. faecalisGI colonization when dietary iron is in excess. Taken together, our findings show that pilus mediated capture of iron within biofilms enables EET-mediated iron acquisition inE. faecalis, and that these processes plays an important role inE. faecalisexpansion in the GI tract.SignificanceUnderstanding enterococcal biofilm development is the first step towards improved therapeutics for the often antimicrobial resistant infections caused by these bacteria. Here we report a role forEnterococcus faecalisendocarditis and biofilm associated pili (Ebp) in mediating iron-dependent biofilm growth and contributing to extracellular electron transfer (EET) which in turn promotes iron acquisition. Furthermore, we characterize the mechanisms underlying electron transfer in theE. faecalisbiofilm. Our findings support a model in whichE. faecalisuse EET to drive the reduction of pilus-associated ferric iron, leading to iron acquisition inE. faecalisbiofilm, and contributing to enterococcal virulence in the GI tract.

scholarly journals The effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on the viability of Beauveria bassiana and their ability for radial growth on Chitin Agar

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Hussein Magtoff Diwan ◽  
Husein Neayma Keshmer ◽  
Majed Ibrahim Abdela ◽  
Belasim Ahmed Abas
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The One

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (50, 100,200,300,400) ppm on the viability of Beauveria bassiana spores after 1,2,3,4 days of exposure at 28 ± 1C° and on the radial growth ability of the fungus on chitin agar medium after 11 days of incubation at 26 ± 1C°.This fungus was also used to control the Date palm dubas Ommatissus lybicus. The results showed that the viability of B. bassiana spores of control (distill water with fungal spores) of a rate ranged between 157 – 257 colony/ petri dish on potato dextrose agar and the rate 257 colony/petri dish was higher than those of other treatments, while the rate 91.7 colony/petri dish at 50ppm concentration of hydrogen peroxide was the best p= 0.05 in comparison with the viability rate of other treatments in which the spores were exposed to highest concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. It was also seen that spores lost their viability after exposure to 400 ppm of hydrogen peroxide. On the other hand, the results showed that the rate of radial growth 3.46cm in control group after 4 days of incubation in comparison with this in the other group was higher. The fungus showed lowest rate of radial growth 0.43cm after one day of incubation p= 0.05, while the one day exposure of spores to each of 50,100 ppm of hydrogen peroxide showed 3.47,3.5cm respectively which were significantly higher p= 0.05 in comparison with other concentrations, improving which the higher concentration the lower activity of fungal degrade chitin.

Research on the Implementation of Cleaner Technologies for obtaining chemicals, in relation to the environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-775
Author(s):  
Augustin Semenescu ◽  
Claudiu Babis ◽  
Gabriel Iacobescu ◽  
Marius Rogobete ◽  
Ciprian Racuciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Forecast ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Any technological process, through his specific, generates pollution in the environment, which ultimately has both short term but mainly long-term, harmful effects on human health. Today, when the technological degree is high in almost all areas of activity, it is impossible to completely avoid damage to the environment caused by the impact of technological processes, but it is possible to find some actions, having an effect towards reducing the negative impact in the sense of obtaining clean technology. Cleaner technology is, on the one side a goal pursued at international, european and national level, and on the other hand is a concept that covers many aspects of both the actual economic activities and of the environmental protection. This paper aims is on the one hand, to show how a tehnological process should be analyzed by highlighting the relationships between elements of the industrial process, according to some scheme, precisely in order to obtain so-called �clean technologies and on the other hand in the specific case of chemical pollution, to present most used evolutionary models on a chemical production forecast.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

Das Ende der Postdemokratie, den Pessimismus überwinden.

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (188) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Author(s):  
Daniel Mullis
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The One

In recent years, political and social conditions have changed dramatically. Many analyses help to capture these dynamics. However, they produce political pessimism: on the one hand there is the image of regression and on the other, a direct link is made between socio-economic decline and the rise of the far-right. To counter these aspects, this article argues that current political events are to be understood less as ‘regression’ but rather as a moment of movement and the return of deep political struggles. Referring to Jacques Ranciere’s political thought, the current conditions can be captured as the ‘end of post-democracy’. This approach changes the perspective on current social dynamics in a productive way. It allows for an emphasis on movement and the recognition of the windows of opportunity for emancipatory struggles.

Tolerance is theoretical and practical principles

1996 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Babiy
Keyword(s):  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nodal Points ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Political ideological pluralism, religious diversity are characteristic features of modern Ukrainian society. On the one hand, multiculturalism, socio-political, religious differentiation of the latter appear as important characteristics of its democracy, as a practical expression of freedom, on the other - as a factor that led to the deconsocialization of society, gave rise to "nodal points" of tension, confrontational processes, in particular, in political and religious spheres.

The Salvage of Ideas: Schumpeter and the Core Problems Still Confronting Economics

2003 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
P. Wynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Two aspects of Schumpeter' legacy are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, he can be viewed as the custodian of the neoclassical harvest supplementing to its stock of inherited knowledge. On the other hand, the innovative character of his works is emphasized that allows to consider him a proponent of hetherodoxy. It is stressed that Schumpeter's revolutionary challenge can lead to radical changes in modern economics.

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