New insights into the plasticity of the endothelial phenotype

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1639-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay S. Cooley ◽  
Dylan R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Endothelial Phenotype ◽  
Lymphatic Vasculature ◽  
Endothelial Plasticity

The mammalian vascular system consists of two distinct, but closely related, networks: the blood vasculature (itself divided into arterial and venous networks) and the lymphatic vasculature. EC (endothelial cell) lineage specification has been proposed to be determined during embryonic development, after which the ECs are committed to their fate. However, increasing evidence suggests that ECs retain various degrees of plasticity, and have the ability to express characteristics of alternative cell lineages. Therapeutic control of endothelial plasticity will allow greater understanding of the genesis and treatment of several vascular diseases.

scholarly journals The roles of ERAS during cell lineage specification of mouse early embryonic development

Open Biology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 150092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Ao Zhao ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Huai-Xiao Ma ◽  
Xiao-Xiao Wang ◽  
Xukun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Lineage Specification

Eras encodes a Ras-like GTPase protein that was originally identified as an embryonic stem cell-specific Ras. ERAS has been known to be required for the growth of embryonic stem cells and stimulates somatic cell reprogramming, suggesting its roles on mouse early embryonic development. We now report a dynamic expression pattern of Eras during mouse peri-implantation development: its expression increases at the blastocyst stage, and specifically decreases in E7.5 mesoderm. In accordance with its expression pattern, the increased expression of Eras promotes cell proliferation through controlling AKT activation and the commitment from ground to primed state through ERK activation in mouse embryonic stem cells; and the reduced expression of Eras facilitates primitive streak and mesoderm formation through AKT inhibition during gastrulation. The expression of Eras is finely regulated to match its roles in mouse early embryonic development during which Eras expression is negatively regulated by the β -catenin pathway. Thus, beyond its well-known role on cell proliferation, ERAS may also play important roles in cell lineage specification during mouse early embryonic development.

Expression of tie-2, a member of a novel family of receptor tyrosine kinases, in the endothelial cell lineage

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schnurch ◽  
W. Risau
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
New Family ◽  
Temporal Expression Pattern

We are interested in the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the development of the vascular system. In order to respond to morphogenetic and mitogenic signals, endothelial cells must express appropriate receptors. To characterize endothelial cell-specific receptors, we have concentrated on receptor tyrosine kinases, because several lines of evidence suggested the importance of controlled phosphotyrosine levels in endothelial cells. A strategy based on PCR amplification using degenerate oligonucleotides and mouse brain capillaries as mRNA source, led to the identification of a novel receptor tyrosine kinase, which we designated tie-2. In situ hybridization using a tie-2-specific probe revealed an interesting spatial and temporal expression pattern. The gene was expressed specifically in the endothelial lineage. tie-2 transcripts were present in endothelial cell precursors (angioblasts) and also in endothelial cells of sprouting blood vessels throughout development and in all organs and tissues so far examined. tie-2 was down-regulated in the adult. Because of the unusual combination of immunoglobulin, EGF-like and fibronectin type III domains in the extracellular portion of tie-2 which is shared by TEK and tie, these molecules may be considered members of a new family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Signal transduction via this new class of tyrosine kinases could lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of blood vessel formation.

scholarly journals Primitive endoderm differentiation: from specification to epithelium formation

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1657) ◽  
pp. 20130537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Hermitte ◽  
Claire Chazaud
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Primitive Endoderm ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Embryo Patterning ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Endoderm Differentiation

In amniotes, primitive endoderm (PrE) plays important roles not only for nutrient support but also as an inductive tissue required for embryo patterning. PrE is an epithelial monolayer that is visible shortly before embryo implantation and is one of the first three cell lineages produced by the embryo. We review here the molecular mechanisms that have been uncovered during the past 10 years on PrE and epiblast cell lineage specification within the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and on their subsequent steps of differentiation.

scholarly journals Aspects of the biology of regeneration and repair in the human gastrointestinal tract

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1370) ◽  
pp. 925-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Mucosal Ulceration ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Trefoil Peptides ◽  
Pyloric Mucosa ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Altered Gene

The main pathways of epithelial differentiation in the intestine, Paneth, mucous, endocrine and columnar cell lineages are well recognized. However, in abnormal circumstances, for example in mucosal ulceration, a cell lineage with features distinct from these emerges, which has often been dismissed in the past as ‘pyloric’ metaplasia, because of its morphological resemblance to the pyloric mucosa in the stomach. However, we can conclude that this cell lineage has a defined phenotype unique in gastrointestinal epithelia, has a histogenesis that resembles that of Brunner's glands, but acquires a proliferative organization similar to that of the gastric gland. It expresses several peptides of particular interest, including epidermal growth factor, the trefoil peptides TFF1, TFF2, TFF3, lysozyme and PSTI. The presence of this lineage also appears to cause altered gene expression in adjacent indigenous cell lineages. We propose that this cell lineage is induced in gastrointestinal stem cells as a result of chronic mucosal ulceration, and plays an important part in ulcer healing; it should therefore be added to the repertoire of gastrointestinal stem cells.

scholarly journals Mechanisms and cell lineages in lymphatic vascular development

Angiogenesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniyal J. Jafree ◽  
David A. Long ◽  
Peter J. Scambler ◽  
Christiana Ruhrberg
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Lymphatic Vasculature ◽  
Lymphatic Development ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractLymphatic vessels have critical roles in both health and disease and their study is a rapidly evolving area of vascular biology. The consensus on how the first lymphatic vessels arise in the developing embryo has recently shifted. Originally, they were thought to solely derive by sprouting from veins. Since then, several studies have uncovered novel cellular mechanisms and a diversity of contributing cell lineages in the formation of organ lymphatic vasculature. Here, we review the key mechanisms and cell lineages contributing to lymphatic development, discuss the advantages and limitations of experimental techniques used for their study and highlight remaining knowledge gaps that require urgent attention. Emerging technologies should accelerate our understanding of how lymphatic vessels develop normally and how they contribute to disease.

scholarly journals ESCs injected into the 8-cell stage mouse embryo modify pattern of cleavage and cell lineage specification

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Humięcka ◽  
Magdalena Krupa ◽  
Maria M. Guzewska ◽  
Marek Maleszewski ◽  
Aneta Suwińska
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Cell Stage
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