Recent development of 3C and 3CL protease inhibitors for anti-coronavirus and anti-picornavirus drug discovery

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ramajayam ◽  
Kian-Pin Tan ◽  
Po-Huang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
3C Protease ◽  
The World ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Dual Inhibitors ◽  
3Cl Protease

SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) caused infection of ~8000 people and death of ~800 patients around the world during the 2003 outbreak. In addition, picornaviruses such as enterovirus, coxsackievirus and rhinovirus also can cause life-threatening diseases. Replication of picornaviruses and coronaviruses requires 3Cpro (3C protease) and 3CLpro (3C-like protease) respectively, which are structurally analogous with chymotrypsin-fold, but the former is a monomer and the latter is dimeric due to an extra third domain for dimerization. Subtle structural differences in the S2 and S3 pockets of these proteases make inhibitors selective, but some dual inhibitors have been discovered. Our findings as summarized in the present review provide new potential anti-coronavirus and anti-picornavirus therapeutic agents and a clue to convert 3CLpro inhibitors into 3Cpro inhibitors and vice versa.

Phthalimide Analogs for Antimalarial Drug Discovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Bansal ◽  
Charu Upadhyay ◽  
Poonam Singh ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Brijesh Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Major Public Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening

Malaria remains as one of the most life-threatening diseases and thus major public health concern all around the world. The disease becomes devastating if not treated with proper medication on...

scholarly journals COVID-19 Drug Discovery Using Intensive Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumu Asai ◽  
Masamitsu Konno ◽  
Miyuki Ozaki ◽  
Chihiro Otsuka ◽  
Andrea Vecchione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Since the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in China during December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread on a global scale, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to issue a warning. While novel vaccines and drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 are under development, this review provides information on therapeutics which are under clinical trials or are proposed to antagonize SARS-CoV-2. Based on the information gained from the responses to other RNA coronaviruses, including the strains that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), drug repurposing might be a viable strategy. Since several antiviral therapies can inhibit viral replication cycles or relieve symptoms, mechanisms unique to RNA viruses will be important for the clinical development of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Given that several currently marketed drugs may be efficient therapeutic agents for severe COVID-19 cases, they may be beneficial for future viral pandemics and other infections caused by RNA viruses when standard treatments are unavailable.

scholarly journals A Possible Path towards Rapid Development of Live-Attenuated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Plunging into the Natural Pool

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1438
Author(s):  
German Todorov ◽  
Vladimir N. Uversky
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
The World ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Life Threatening

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spreading around the world, causing massive distress to the world’s economy and affecting healthcare systems worldwide. Although some exposed individuals have no symptoms and most symptomatic infections are not severe, COVID-19 cases span a wide spectrum, ranging from mild to critical and sometimes resulting in life-threatening complications, such as pneumonia, severe respiratory distress and cardiac problems. Currently, there is no curative drug for COVID-19 and vaccines are still under development. We are presenting here a strategy for the fast development of natural live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Our proposed approach is based on screening for, identifying, analyzing and selecting naturally attenuated yet highly immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 strains, which may lead to a shorter cycle of vaccine development, as well as higher vaccine effectiveness.

scholarly journals Design and Synthesis of Cinanserin Analogs as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3CL Protease Inhibitors

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1400-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingang Yang ◽  
Lili Chen ◽  
Xuchang He ◽  
Zhenting Gao ◽  
Xu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
3Cl Protease

scholarly journals An Overview of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3CL Protease Inhibitors: Peptidomimetics and Small Molecule Chemotherapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (14) ◽  
pp. 6595-6628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar ◽  
Manoj Manickam ◽  
Vigneshwaran Namasivayam ◽  
Yoshio Hayashi ◽  
Sang-Hun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
3Cl Protease

scholarly journals Renal complications in coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taichiro Minami ◽  
Yasunori Iwata ◽  
Takashi Wada
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Life Threatening Complication

AbstractThe world today is facing a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which mainly causes a respiratory disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, its pathogenesis and complications should be identified and understood. SARS-CoV-2 infects the host using the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its receptor, which is expressed in several organs including the lungs, heart, kidneys, and intestines. Kidney complications are relatively common, and acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening complication in patients with COVID-19. In this review, the renal histological patterns of COVID-19 are described in detail, and its potential mechanisms associated with AKI are discussed.

Current Computational Approaches for the Development of Anti-HIV Inhibitors: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 3390-3405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Panwar ◽  
Ishwar Chandra ◽  
Chandrabose Selvaraj ◽  
Sanjeev K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Computational Drug Discovery ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Novel Agent

Background: Today, HIV-1 infection has become an extensive problem to public health and a greater challenge to all working researchers throughout the world. Since the beginning of HIV-1 virus, several antiviral therapeutic agents have been developed at various stages to combat HIV-1 infection. But, many of antiviral drugs are on the platform of drug resistance and toxicology issues, needs an urgent constructive investigation for the development of productive and protective therapeutics to make an improvement of individual life suffering with viral infection. As developing a novel agent is very costly, challenging and time taking route in the recent times. Methods: The review summarized about the modern approaches of computational aided drug discovery to developing a novel inhibitor within a short period of time and less cost. Results: The outcome suggests on the premise of reported information that the computational drug discovery is a powerful technology to design a defensive and fruitful therapeutic agents to combat HIV-1 infection and recover the lifespan of suffering one. Conclusion: Based on survey of the reported information, we concluded that the current computational approaches is highly supportive in the progress of drug discovery and controlling the viral infection.

scholarly journals Repurposing of Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Hussain Mustatab Wahedi ◽  
Deeba Amraiz
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) is one of the biggest health challenges across the globe ever since its eruption in late 2019. Novelty, contagiousness, and lethality of the virus demand the expedited production of potential therapeutic agents and strategies against it. Since no COVID-19 specific drug is available yet, it persists a crucial challenge to determine what therapeutic strategies should be adopted for the treatment of coronavirus patients. Until there is any specific drug for COVID-19, repurposing of the existing FDA-approved drugs is the most suitable approach to treat the severely ill patients of COVID-19. This review will summarize the existing antiviral drugs being repurposed and probed for their potential as effective anti-COVID-19 drugs all over the world.

The relevance of dietetic approach of Ayurveda from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 748-752
Author(s):  
Swapnali Khabade ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and spread globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus as a COVID- 19, a global pandemic. This pandemic happened to be followed by some restrictions, and specially lockdown playing the leading role for the people to get disassociated with their personal and social schedules. And now the food is the most necessary thing to take care of. It seems the new challenge for the individual is self-isolation to maintain themselves on the health basis and fight against the pandemic situation by boosting their immunity. Food organised by proper diet may maintain the physical and mental health of the individual. Ayurveda aims to promote and preserve the health, strength and the longevity of the healthy person and to cure the disease by properly channelling with and without Ahara. In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered as one of the critical pillars of life, and Langhana plays an important role too. This article will review the relevance of dietetic approach described in Ayurveda with and without food (Asthavidhi visheshaytana & Lanhgan) during COVID-19 like a pandemic.

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