Glycoconjugate markers of joint diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Popko ◽  
Sławomir Olszewski ◽  
Tomasz Guszczyn ◽  
Krzysztof Zwierz ◽  
Sławomir Pancewicz
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Synovial Cells ◽  
Joint Diseases ◽  
Rheumatoid Disease ◽  
Joint Tissue ◽  
Different Types

A number of different types of glycoconjugate are found associated with joint tissue and fluids, comprising glycoproteins, glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans. Oligosaccharide chains of glycoconjugates are degraded by exoglycosidases, and the dominant exoglycosidase found in human blood, synovial fluid, the synovial membrane and chondrocytes of articular cartilage is HEX (N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase). HEX is localized mostly intracellularly in synovial cells. Serum activity of HEX may be used to monitor the course and efficiency of treatment of Lyme arthritis, and activity of HEX, above 10 μkat/kg of protein in the synovial fluid, suggests rheumatoid disease. There is a shortage of HEX inhibitors able to penetrate synoviocytes, so the development of drugs which inhibit synthesis and/or the activity of HEX will be a promising field for future investigations.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Occurrence and Role of CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) and Its Receptor CX3CR1 in Hemophilic Arthropathy and Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Wojdasiewicz ◽  
Łukasz A. Poniatowski ◽  
Andrzej Kotela ◽  
Marta Skoda ◽  
Michał Pyzlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Vessel Morphology ◽  
Hemophilic Arthropathy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Receptor Cx3cr1

Objective. Hemophilic arthropathy is characterized by recurrent bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia leading to irreversible joint degeneration. The involvement of CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1 was observed in the pathogenesis of numerous arthritis-associated diseases. Taking this into account, we have presented a study investigating the role of the CX3CL1/CX3XR1 axis in the course of hemophilic arthropathy, including the CX3CL1-dependent expression of CD56+, CD68+, and CD31+ cells along with evaluation of articular cartilage and synovial membrane morphology. Methods. The study was carried out using cases (n=20) of end-stage hemophilic arthropathy with a severe type of hemophilia A and control cases (n=20) diagnosed with osteoarthritis. The biofluids including blood serum and synovial fluid were obtained intraoperatively for the evaluation of CX3CL1 using the ELISA test. Tissue specimens including articular cartilage and synovial membrane were similarly collected during surgery and stained immunohistologically using selected antibodies including anti-CX3CR1, anti-CD56, anti-CD68, and anti-CD31. Additionally, the analysis included the assessment of articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and blood vessel morphology. Results. In our study, we have documented increased average concentration of CX3CL1 in the blood serum of the study group (7.16±0.53 ng/ml) compared to the control group (5.85±0.70 ng/ml) without statistically significant difference in synovial fluid concentration at the same time. We have observed an increased macrophage presence with more marked proliferation and fibrosis of the synovial membrane in the study group. Remaining results such as expression of CX3CR1 presence of NK cells and larger surface area of blood vessels within the synovial membrane were noted also without statistical significance. Conclusions. This study has demonstrated collective CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis involvement in hemophilic arthropathy pathogenesis introducing new interesting diagnostics and a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals CARTILAGE MATRIX DEPLETION BY RHEUMATOID SYNOVIAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hamerman ◽  
Rosamond Janis ◽  
Carol Smith
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Synovial Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Staining ◽  
Monolayer Cultures ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Synovial Membranes

Articular cartilage fragments were added to monolayer cultures of synovial membrane cells. After 3 wk of incubation, the cartilage fragments were examined histologically for metachromasia and basophilia, and for fluorescent staining using a rabbit antiserum to cartilage protein-polysaccharide. Cartilage incubated with cells derived from rheumatoid synovial membranes showed striking loss of metachromasia and basophilia as well as diminished to absent fluorescent staining. Cartilage fragments incubated with cells from normal synovia, or with cells from the synovial membrane of a patient with Reiter's syndrome, did not show these changes and resembled control cartilage incubated in tissue culture medium alone. It appears, therefore, that rheumatoid synovial cells in tissue culture are able to deplete the matrix of articular cartilage.

Joint biochemistry

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pap ◽  
Adelheid Korb ◽  
Marianne Heitzmann ◽  
Jessica Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Joint Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Joint Diseases ◽  
Synovial Joints ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Key Features

Synovial joints are composed of different morphological structures that have their distinct cellular and biochemical properties. Articular cartilage and synovial membrane are key components of synovial joints and show a number of peculiarities that makes them different from other tissues in our body. An in-depth knowledge of these structural and biochemical peculiarities is not only important for understanding key features of articular function but also provides explanations for important characteristics of both degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases. This chapter reviews the structure and biochemical composition of cartilage and synovium and points to important links between physiology and pathological conditions, particularly arthritis.

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