Trafficking of the cellulose synthase complex in developing xylem vessels

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Wightman ◽  
Simon Turner
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cellulose Microfibril ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Cellulose Synthase Complex ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation

The potential for using cellulosic biomass as a source of fuel has renewed interest into how the large cellulose synthase complex deposits cellulose within the woody secondary walls of plants. This complex sits within the plasma membrane where it synthesizes numerous glucan chains which bond together to form the strong cellulose microfibril. The maintenance and guidance of the complex at the plasma membrane and its delivery to sites of secondary wall formation require the involvement of the cytoskeleton. In the present paper, we discuss the dynamics of the complex at the cell cortex and what is known about its assembly and trafficking.

A TEMPO-catalyzed oxidation-reduction method to probe surface and anhydrous crystalline-core domains of cellulose microfibril bundles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanîa M. Shiga ◽  
Haibing Yang ◽  
Bryan W. Penning ◽  
Anna T. Olek ◽  
Maureen C. McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cellulose Microfibril ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Crystalline Core ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation ◽  
Catalyzed Oxidation

Abstract A modified TEMPO-catalyzed oxidation of the solvent-exposed glucosyl units of cellulose to uronic acids, followed by carboxyl reduction with NaBD 4 to 6-deutero- and 6,6-dideuteroglucosyl units, provided a robust method for determining relative proportions of disordered amorphous, ordered surface chains, and anhydrous core-crystalline residues of cellulose microfibrils inaccessible to TEMPO. Both glucosyl residues of cellobiose units, digested from amorphous chains of cellulose with a combination of cellulase and cellobiohydrolase, were deuterated, whereas those from anhydrous chains were undeuterated. By contrast, solvent-exposed and anhydrous residues alternate in surface chains, so only one of the two residues of cellobiosyl units was labeled. Although current estimates indicate that each cellulose microfibril comprises only 18 to 24 (1 , 4)- b eta-D-glucan chains, we show here that microfibrils of walls of Arabidopsis leaves and maize coleoptiles, and those of secondary wall cellulose of cotton fibers and poplar wood, bundle into much larger macrofibrils, with 67 to 86% of the glucan chains in the anhydrous domain. These results indicate extensive bundling of microfibrils into macrofibrils occurs during both primary and secondary wall formation. We discuss how, beyond lignin, the degree of bundling into macrofibrils contributes an additional recalcitrance factor to lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic or chemical catalytic conversion to biofuel substrates.

scholarly journals The Dual Functions of WLIM1a in Cell Elongation and Secondary Wall Formation in Developing Cotton Fibers

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 4421-4438 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-B. Han ◽  
Y.-B. Li ◽  
H.-Y. Wang ◽  
X.-M. Wu ◽  
C.-L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation ◽  
Dual Functions

Walls are thin 1 (WAT1), an Arabidopsis homolog of Medicago truncatula NODULIN21, is a tonoplast-localized protein required for secondary wall formation in fibers

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Ranocha ◽  
Nicolas Denancé ◽  
Ruben Vanholme ◽  
Amandine Freydier ◽  
Yves Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation ◽  
Arabidopsis Homolog

scholarly journals The Class II KNOX gene KNAT7 negatively regulates secondary wall formation in Arabidopsis and is functionally conserved in Populus

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eryang Li ◽  
Apurva Bhargava ◽  
Weiya Qiang ◽  
Michael C. Friedmann ◽  
Natascha Forneris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Knox Gene ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation

scholarly journals A Transcriptional and Metabolic Framework for Secondary Wall Formation in Arabidopsis

2016 ◽  
pp. pp.01100.2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Nooshin Omranian ◽  
Lutz Neumetzler ◽  
ting wang ◽  
Thomas Herter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation

scholarly journals S-Acylation of the cellulose synthase complex is essential for its plasma membrane localization

Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 353 (6295) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
R. Wightman ◽  
I. Atanassov ◽  
A. Gupta ◽  
C. H. Hurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Membrane Localization ◽  
Plasma Membrane Localization ◽  
Cellulose Synthase Complex
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