Bio-based approaches to inorganic material synthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Tomczak ◽  
J.M. Slocik ◽  
M.O. Stone ◽  
R.R. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Nanoparticle Morphology ◽  
Silica Wall

Nature is an exquisite designer of inorganic materials using biomolecules as templates. Diatoms create intricate silica wall structures with fine features using the protein family of silaffins as templates. Marine sponges create silica spicules also using proteins, termed silicateins. In recent years, our group and others have used biomolecules as templates for the deposition of inorganic materials. In contrast with the traditional materials science approach, which requires high heat, extreme pH and non-aqueous solutions, the bio-based approaches allow the reactions to proceed usually at near ambient conditions. Additionally, the biological templates allow for the control of the inorganic nanoparticle morphology. The use of peptides and biomolecules for templating and assembling inorganics will be discussed here.

scholarly journals Hypergolic Synthesis of Inorganic Materials by the Reaction of Metallocene Dichlorides With Fuming Nitric Acid At Ambient Conditions: The Case of Photocatalytic Titania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Chalmpes ◽  
Georgios Asimakopoulos ◽  
Maria Baikousi ◽  
Athanasios B. Bourlinos ◽  
Michael A. Karakassides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Titania Nanoparticles ◽  
Titanocene Dichloride ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

Hypergolic materials synthesis is a new preparative technique in materials science that allows a wide range of carbon or inorganic solids with useful properties to be obtained. Previously we have demonstrated that metallocenes are versatile reagents in the hypergolic synthesis of inorganic materials, such as γ-Fe2O3, Cr2O3, Co, Ni and alloy CoNi. Here, we take one step further by using metallocene dichlorides as precursors for the hypergolic synthesis of additional inorganic phases, such as photocatalytic titania. Metallocene dichlorides are closely related to metallocenes, thus expanding the arsenal of organometallic compounds that can be used in hypergolic materials synthesis. In the present case, we show that hypergolic ignition of the titanocene dichloride-fuming nitric acid pair results in the fast and spontaneous formation of titania nanoparticles at ambient conditions in the form of anatase-rutile mixed phases. The obtained titania shows good photocatalytic activity towards Cr(VI) removal (100 % within 9 h), the latter being dramatically enhanced after calcination of the powder at 500 °C (100 % within 3 h). Worth noting, this performance was found to be comparable to that of commercially available P25 TiO2 under identical conditions. The cases of zirconocene, hafnocene and molybdocene dichlorides are complementary discussed in this work, aiming to show the wider applicability of metallocene dichlorides in the hypergolic synthesis of inorganic materials (ZrO2, HfO2, MoO2).

scholarly journals Hypergolic Synthesis of Inorganic Materials by the Reaction of Metallocene Dichlorides with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions: The Case of Photocatalytic Titania

Sci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Chalmpes ◽  
Georgios Asimakopoulos ◽  
Maria Baikousi ◽  
Athanasios B. Bourlinos ◽  
Michael A. Karakassides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Titania Nanoparticles ◽  
Titanocene Dichloride ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid

Hypergolic materials synthesis is a new preparative technique in materials science that allows a wide range of carbon or inorganic solids with useful properties to be obtained. Previously we have demonstrated that metallocenes are versatile reagents in the hypergolic synthesis of inorganic materials, such as γ-Fe2O3, Cr2O3, Co, Ni and alloy CoNi. Here, we go one step further by using metallocene dichlorides as precursors for the hypergolic synthesis of additional inorganic phases, such as photocatalytic titania. Metallocene dichlorides are closely related to metallocenes, thus expanding the arsenal of organometallic compounds that can be used in hypergolic materials synthesis. In the present case, we show that hypergolic ignition of the titanocene dichloride–fuming nitric acid pair results in the fast and spontaneous formation of titania nanoparticles at ambient conditions in the form of anatase–rutile mixed phases. The obtained titania shows good photocatalytic activity towards Cr(VI) removal (100% within 9 h), with the latter being dramatically enhanced after calcination of the powder at 500 °C (100% within 3 h). Notably, this performance was found to be comparable to that of commercially available P25 TiO2 under identical conditions. The cases of zirconocene, hafnocene and molybdocene dichlorides are discussed in this work, which aims to show the wider applicability of metallocene dichlorides in the hypergolic synthesis of inorganic materials (ZrO2, HfO2, MoO2).

Current Highlights About the Safety of Inorganic Nanomaterials in Healthcare

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2147-2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Perioli ◽  
Cinzia Pagano ◽  
Maria Rachele Ceccarini
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inorganic Nanomaterials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Health Field ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

: In recent years inorganic materials are largely present in products intended for health care. Literature gives many examples of inorganic materials used in many healthcare products, mainly in pharmaceutical field. : Silver, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, gold, mesoporous silica, hydrotalcite-like compound and nanoclays are the most common inorganic materials used in nanosized form for different applications in the health field. Generally, these materials are employed to realize formulations for systemic use, often with the aim to perform a specific targeting to the pathological site. The nanometric dimensions are often preferred to obtain the cellular internalization when the target is localized in the intracellular space. : Some materials are frequently used in topical formulations as rheological agents, adsorbents, mattifying agents, physical sunscreen (e.g. zinc oxide, titanium dioxide), and others. : Recent studies highlighted that the use of nanosized inorganic materials can represent a risk for health. The very small dimension (nanometric) until a few years ago represented a fundamental requirement; however, it is currently held responsible for the inorganic material toxicity. This aspect is very important to be considered as actually numerous inorganic materials can be found in many products available in the market, often dedicated to infants and children. These materials are used without taking into account their dimensional properties with increased risk for the user/patient. : This review deals with a deep analysis of current researches documenting the toxicity of nanometric inorganic materials especially those largely used in products available in the market.

scholarly journals Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Chalmpes ◽  
Athanasios B. Bourlinos ◽  
Smita Talande ◽  
Aristides Bakandritsos ◽  
Dimitrios Moschovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Rocket Fuel ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid ◽  
Liquid Rocket

In hypergolics two substances ignite spontaneously upon contact without external aid. Although the concept mostly applies to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been recognized from our group as a radically new methodology towards carbon materials synthesis. Comparatively to other preparative methods, hypergolics allows the rapid and spontaneous formation of carbon at ambient conditions in an exothermic manner (e.g., the method releases both carbon and energy at room temperature and atmospheric pressure). In an effort to further build upon the idea of hypergolic synthesis, herein we exploit a classic liquid rocket bipropellant composed of furfuryl alcohol and fuming nitric acid to prepare carbon nanosheets by simply mixing the two reagents at ambient conditions. Furfuryl alcohol served as the carbon source while fuming nitric acid as a strong oxidizer. On ignition the temperature is raised high enough to induce carbonization in a sort of in-situ pyrolytic process. Simultaneously, the released energy was directly converted into useful work, such as heating a liquid to boiling or placing Crookes radiometer into motion. Apart from its value as a new synthesis approach in materials science, carbon from rocket fuel additionally provides a practical way in processing rocket fuel waste or disposed rocket fuels.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of CeO2 Nanoparticles Using Egg White and Their Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties on Clinical Isolates

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Shalendra Kumar ◽  
Faheem Ahmed ◽  
Nagih M. Shaalan ◽  
Osama Saber
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Ceo2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Tem Analysis

Bio-inspired synthesis is a novel and attractive environmentally friendly route to generating inorganic materials. In this work, the preparation of CeO2 NPs using egg white and investigation of their antibacterial properties both in liquid and solid growth medium against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were reported. The CeO2 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM), UV-Vis, Raman, and antibacterial measurements. The results from XRD and TEM analysis showed that the prepared nanoparticles were a single phase in the nano regime (5–7 nm) with spherical shape and uniform size distribution. Optical properties reflected the characteristics peaks of CeO2 in the UV-Vis range with a bandgap ~2.80 eV. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized NPs was achieved under ambient conditions with different bacteria and the results showed that the properties were different for both the bacteria. The highest activity with an inhibition zone of about 22 mm against S. aureus was obtained as compared with the 19 mm zone of inhibition obtained with E.coli. This finding will be of major significance that indicates a possibility to develop CeO2 NPs as antibacterial agents against extensive microorganisms to control and prevent the spread and persistence of bacterial infections.

Mesoporous carbon nanotubes for use as support in catalysis and as nanosized reactors for one-dimensional inorganic material synthesis

2003 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Mario Nhut ◽  
Laurie Pesant ◽  
Jean-Philippe Tessonnier ◽  
Gauthier Winé ◽  
Jean Guille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
One Dimensional

Chemistry Under Shock Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenden W. Hamilton ◽  
Michael N. Sakano ◽  
Chunyu Li ◽  
Alejandro Strachan
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Energy Localization ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Nonequilibrium Conditions ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Modes Coupling

Shock loading takes materials from ambient conditions to extreme conditions of temperature and nonhydrostatic stress on picosecond timescales. In molecular materials the fast loading results in temporary nonequilibrium conditions with overheated low-frequency modes and relatively cold, high-frequency, intramolecular modes; coupling the shock front with the material's microstructure and defects results in energy localization in hot spots. These processes can conspire to lead to a material response not observed under quasi-static loads. This review focuses on chemical reactions induced by dynamical loading, the understanding of which requires bringing together materials science, shock physics, and condensed matter chemistry. Recent progress in experiments and simulations holds the key to the answer of long-standing grand challenges with implications for the initiation of detonation and life on Earth. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Materials Science, Volume 51 is August 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Self-driving laboratory for accelerated discovery of thin-film materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. eaaz8867 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. MacLeod ◽  
F. G. L. Parlane ◽  
T. D. Morrissey ◽  
F. Häse ◽  
L. M. Roch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Hole Mobility ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Energy Applications

Discovering and optimizing commercially viable materials for clean energy applications typically takes more than a decade. Self-driving laboratories that iteratively design, execute, and learn from materials science experiments in a fully autonomous loop present an opportunity to accelerate this research process. We report here a modular robotic platform driven by a model-based optimization algorithm capable of autonomously optimizing the optical and electronic properties of thin-film materials by modifying the film composition and processing conditions. We demonstrate the power of this platform by using it to maximize the hole mobility of organic hole transport materials commonly used in perovskite solar cells and consumer electronics. This demonstration highlights the possibilities of using autonomous laboratories to discover organic and inorganic materials relevant to materials sciences and clean energy technologies.

NanoSIMS Imaging and Analysis in Materials Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexue Li ◽  
Junliang Liu ◽  
Chris R.M. Grovenor ◽  
Katie L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Boundary Segregation ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Good Spatial Resolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nanosims Analysis ◽  
Oil Gas

High-resolution SIMS analysis can be used to explore a wide range of problems in material science and engineering materials, especially when chemical imaging with good spatial resolution (50–100 nm) can be combined with efficient detection of light elements and precise separation of isotopes and isobaric species. Here, applications of the NanoSIMS instrument in the analysis of inorganic materials are reviewed, focusing on areas of current interest in the development of new materials and degradation mechanisms under service conditions. We have chosen examples illustrating NanoSIMS analysis of grain boundary segregation, chemical processes in cracking, and corrosion of nuclear components. An area where NanoSIMS analysis shows potential is in the localization of light elements, in particular, hydrogen and deuterium. Hydrogen embrittlement is a serious problem for industries where safety is critical, including aerospace, nuclear, and oil/gas, so it is imperative to know where in the microstructure hydrogen is located. By charging the metal with deuterium, to avoid uncertainty in the origin of the hydrogen, the microstructural features that can trap hydrogenic species, such as precipitates and grain and phase boundaries, can be determined by NanoSIMS analysis on a microstructurally relevant scale.

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