1994–2004: 10 years of research on the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S.M. Jetten ◽  
I. Cirpus ◽  
B. Kartal ◽  
L. van Niftrik ◽  
K.T. van de Pas-Schoonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Primary Electron Acceptor ◽  
Ladderane Lipids

The obligately anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reaction with nitrite as primary electron acceptor is catalysed by the planctomycete-like bacteria Brocadia anammoxidans, Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Scalindua sorokinii. The anammox bacteria use a complex reaction mechanism involving hydrazine as an intermediate. They have a unique prokaryotic organelle, the anammoxosome, surrounded by ladderane lipids, which exclusively contains the hydrazine oxidoreductase as the major protein to combine nitrite and ammonia in a one-to-one fashion. In addition to the peculiar microbiology, anammox was shown to be very important in the oceanic nitrogen cycle, and proved to be a very good alternative for treatment of high-strength nitrogenous waste streams. With the assembly of the K. stuttgartiensis genome at Genoscope, Evry, France, the anammox reaction has entered the genomic and proteomic era, enabling the elucidation of many intriguing aspects of this fascinating microbial process.

Global impact and application of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J.M. Op den Camp ◽  
B. Kartal ◽  
D. Guven ◽  
L.A.M.P. van Niftrik ◽  
S.C.M. Haaijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Immunogold Labelling ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Anammox Process

In the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, ammonia is oxidized with nitrite as primary electron acceptor under strictly anoxic conditions. The reaction is catalysed by a specialized group of planctomycete-like bacteria. These anammox bacteria use a complex reaction mechanism involving hydrazine as an intermediate. The reactions are assumed to be carried out in a unique prokaryotic organelle, the anammoxosome. This organelle is surrounded by ladderane lipids, which make the organelle nearly impermeable to hydrazine and protons. The localization of the major anammox protein, hydrazine oxidoreductase, was determined via immunogold labelling to be inside the anammoxosome. The anammox bacteria have been detected in many marine and freshwater ecosystems and were estimated to contribute up to 50% of oceanic nitrogen loss. Furthermore, the anammox process is currently implemented in water treatment for the low-cost removal of ammonia from high-strength waste streams. Recent findings suggested that the anammox bacteria may also use organic acids to convert nitrate and nitrite into dinitrogen gas when ammonia is in short supply.

scholarly journals Nitrogen isotope effects can be used to diagnose N transformations in wastewater anammox systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Magyar ◽  
Damian Hausherr ◽  
Robert Niederdorfer ◽  
Nicolas Stöcklin ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Inverse Isotope Effect

AbstractAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) plays an important role in aquatic systems as a sink of bioavailable nitrogen (N), and in engineered processes by removing ammonium from wastewater. The isotope effects anammox imparts in the N isotope signatures (15N/14N) of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate can be used to estimate its role in environmental settings, to describe physiological and ecological variations in the anammox process, and possibly to optimize anammox-based wastewater treatment. We measured the stable N-isotope composition of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in wastewater cultivations of anammox bacteria. We find that the N isotope enrichment factor 15ε for the reduction of nitrite to N2 is consistent across all experimental conditions (13.5‰ ± 3.7‰), suggesting it reflects the composition of the anammox bacteria community. Values of 15ε for the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate (inverse isotope effect, − 16 to − 43‰) and for the reduction of ammonium to N2 (normal isotope effect, 19–32‰) are more variable, and likely controlled by experimental conditions. We argue that the variations in the isotope effects can be tied to the metabolism and physiology of anammox bacteria, and that the broad range of isotope effects observed for anammox introduces complications for analyzing N-isotope mass balances in natural systems.

scholarly journals Enhanced Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater by Partial-Denitrification/Anammox in an Anoxic/Oxic Biofilm Reactor

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
Yongzhen Peng ◽  
Donghui Huang ◽  
Jiarui Fan ◽  
Rui Du
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Demand ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency

A partial-denitrification coupling with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process (PD/A) in a continuous-flow anoxic/oxic (A/O) biofilm reactor was developed to treat carbon-limited domestic wastewater (ammonia (NH4+-N) of 55 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 148 mg/L in average) for about 200 days operation. Satisfactory NH4+-N oxidation efficiency above 95% was achieved with rapid biofilm formation in the aerobic zone. Notably, nitrite (NO2−-N) accumulation was observed in the anoxic zone, mainly due to the insufficient electron donor for complete nitrate (NO3−-N) reduction. The nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio (NTR) achieved was as high as 64.4%. After the inoculation of anammox-enriched sludge to anoxic zones, total nitrogen (TN) removal was significantly improved from 37.3% to 78.0%. Anammox bacteria were effectively retained in anoxic biofilm utilizing NO2−-N produced via the PD approach and NH4+-N in domestic wastewater, with the relative abundance of 5.83% for stable operation. Anammox pathway contributed to TN removal by a high level of 38%. Overall, this study provided a promising method for mainstream nitrogen removal with low energy consumption and organic carbon demand.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by Nitrosomonas spp. and anammox bacteria in a sequencing batch reactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongsak (Lek) Noophan ◽  
Siriporn Sripiboon ◽  
Mongkol Damrongsri ◽  
Junko Munakata-Marr
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation

Systems Based on Physical-Chemical Processes

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-75
Author(s):  
August Bonmatí-Blasi ◽  
Míriam Cerrillo-Moreno ◽  
Victor Riau-Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Soil Emissions ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

High strength waste streams, namely rejected water from a wastewater treatment plant, livestock slurry, and agro-food wastewater, are characterized by its high organic matter and nutrient content which favours processes aiming to recover energy and nutrients, instead of removing them. In this regard physical-chemical processes are suitable technologies to attain these objectives. Among others, stripping coupled with absorption, struvite precipitation, membrane separation, and vacuum evaporation, are all physical-chemical processes aiming to concentrate nutrients in a stream that can later be reused as fertilizer. In this chapter the main physical-chemical processes will be defined and described in terms of the objective of each process technique, their theoretical fundamentals, environmental effects (air, water and soil emissions, resource depletion), technical indicators (efficiencies, energy consumption, etc.), and by-product characteristics.

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