The tumour suppressor PTEN: involvement of a tumour suppressor candidate protein in PTEN turnover

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Maehama ◽  
F. Okahara ◽  
Y. Kanaho
Keyword(s):  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Tumour Suppressor ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Pten Protein ◽  
Candidate Protein ◽  
Phosphatase And Tensin Homologue

The tumour suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) plays essential roles in regulating signalling pathways involved in cell growth and apoptosis, and is inactivated in a wide variety of tumours. The role of PTEN as a tumour suppressor has been firmly established; however, the mechanism(s) by which its function and activity are regulated remains elusive. Here, we summarize recent progress in research directed towards trying to understand the molecular basis of regulatory mechanisms for PTEN. We also describe our novel finding that a tumour suppressor candidate protein binds to extreme C-terminal region of PTEN and regulates PTEN protein turnover.

scholarly journals The role of molecular diffusion within dendritic spines in synaptic function

2021 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Obashi ◽  
Justin W. Taraska ◽  
Shigeo Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Dendritic Shaft

Spines are tiny nanoscale protrusions from dendrites of neurons. In the cortex and hippocampus, most of the excitatory postsynaptic sites reside in spines. The bulbous spine head is connected to the dendritic shaft by a thin membranous neck. Because the neck is narrow, spine heads are thought to function as biochemically independent signaling compartments. Thus, dynamic changes in the composition, distribution, mobility, conformations, and signaling properties of molecules contained within spines can account for much of the molecular basis of postsynaptic function and regulation. A major factor in controlling these changes is the diffusional properties of proteins within this small compartment. Advances in measurement techniques using fluorescence microscopy now make it possible to measure molecular diffusion within single dendritic spines directly. Here, we review the regulatory mechanisms of diffusion in spines by local intra-spine architecture and discuss their implications for neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity.

scholarly journals Research Advances in the Role of the Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase Family in Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Sha ◽  
Yujie Gan ◽  
Renrui Zou ◽  
Jianzhong Wu ◽  
Jifeng Feng
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Genomic Stability ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
The Future

Poly ADP ribose polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the modification of acceptor proteins, DNA, or RNA with ADP-ribose, which plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability and regulating signaling pathways. The rapid development of PARP1/2 inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers has advanced research on other PARP family members for the treatment of cancer. This paper reviews the role of PARP family members (except PARP1/2 and tankyrases) in cancer and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, which will establish a molecular basis for the clinical application of PARPs in the future.

The regulation of cell migration by PTEN

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Leslie ◽  
X. Yang ◽  
C.P. Downes ◽  
C.J. Weijer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Tumour Suppressor ◽  
Chromosome 10 ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Lipid Phosphatase ◽  
Directed Cell Migration ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase ◽  
Phosphatase And Tensin Homologue

In vertebrates, the tumour suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) regulates many cellular processes through its PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 lipid phosphatase activity, antagonizing PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) signalling. Given the important role of PI3Ks in the regulation of directed cell migration and the role of PTEN as an inhibitor of migration, it is somewhat surprising that data now indicate that PTEN is able to regulate cell migration independent of its lipid phosphatase activity. Here, we discuss the role of PTEN in the regulation of cell migration.

scholarly journals Autophagy in Tumor Immunity and Viral-Based Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Cancer

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2672
Author(s):  
Ali Zahedi-Amiri ◽  
Kyle Malone ◽  
Shawn T. Beug ◽  
Tommy Alain ◽  
Behzad Yeganeh
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Catabolic Process

Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process essential for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis, as well as directly contributing to the control of invading pathogens. Unsurprisingly, this process becomes critical in supporting cellular dysregulation that occurs in cancer, particularly the tumor microenvironments and their immune cell infiltration, ultimately playing a role in responses to cancer therapies. Therefore, understanding “cancer autophagy” could help turn this cellular waste-management service into a powerful ally for specific therapeutics. For instance, numerous regulatory mechanisms of the autophagic machinery can contribute to the anti-tumor properties of oncolytic viruses (OVs), which comprise a diverse class of replication-competent viruses with potential as cancer immunotherapeutics. In that context, autophagy can either: promote OV anti-tumor effects by enhancing infectivity and replication, mediating oncolysis, and inducing autophagic and immunogenic cell death; or reduce OV cytotoxicity by providing survival cues to tumor cells. These properties make the catabolic process of autophagy an attractive target for therapeutic combinations looking to enhance the efficacy of OVs. In this article, we review the complicated role of autophagy in cancer initiation and development, its effect on modulating OVs and immunity, and we discuss recent progress and opportunities/challenges in targeting autophagy to enhance oncolytic viral immunotherapy.

Role of miRNA in circadian rhythmicity: recent progress

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137-1139
Author(s):  
Qing-min WANG ◽  
Hui WAN ◽  
Fen-zhou SHI ◽  
Jun SHEN ◽  
Qiu-hong LIU
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity

Vitamin D and Sleep Regulation: Is there a Role for Vitamin D?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 2492-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiammetta Romano ◽  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Elea Di Benedetto ◽  
Volha V. Zhukouskaya ◽  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle. Objective: The study aimed to explore and summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin D in sleep regulation and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on sleep disorders. Methods: The main regulatory mechanisms of vitamin D on sleep are explained in this study. The literature was scanned to identify clinical trials and correlation studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders. Results: Vitamin D receptors and the enzymes that control their activation and degradation are expressed in several areas of the brain involved in sleep regulation. Vitamin D is also involved in the pathways of production of Melatonin, the hormone involved in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Furthermore, vitamin D can affect sleep indirectly through non-specific pain disorders, correlated with alterations in sleep quality, such as restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Conclusions: : Vitamin D has both a direct and an indirect role in the regulation of sleep. Although vitamin D deficiency has been associated to sleep disorders, there is still scant evidence to concretely support the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of sleep disturbances; indeed, more intervention studies are needed to better clarify these aspects.

Recent Progress in the Therapeutic Role of Serelaxin in Vascular Dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1079-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Adeel Siddiqui ◽  
Izhar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Therapeutic Role
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