Uncoupling protein 3 biological activity

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Giacobino
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 3 ◽  
Intronic Polymorphism

The hypothesis that uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is an uncoupling protein involved in heat dissipation is not unequivocally supported. An update of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies testing this hypothesis is presented. Data are provided showing that exercise induces a fatty acid-dependent increase in muscle UCP3 mRNA in humans. The proposed positive correlation between glycolytic capacity and UCP3 level in various muscle-fibre types in the mouse is reassessed. Finally, an association between an intronic polymorphism of UCP3 and adiposity is reported.

Monocytes as Carriers of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tracking Inflammation in the Epileptic Rat Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Han ◽  
Sara Eyal ◽  
Emma Portnoy ◽  
Aniv Mann ◽  
Miriam Shmuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Nanoparticle Distribution ◽  
Spontaneous Seizures ◽  
Systemic Distribution ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Pilocarpine Model

Background: Inflammation is a hallmark of epileptogenic brain tissue. Previously, we have shown that inflammation in epilepsy can be delineated using systemically-injected fluorescent and magnetite- laden nanoparticles. Suggested mechanisms included distribution of free nanoparticles across a compromised blood-brain barrier or their transfer by monocytes that infiltrate the epileptic brain. Objective: In the current study, we evaluated monocytes as vehicles that deliver nanoparticles into the epileptic brain. We also assessed the effect of epilepsy on the systemic distribution of nanoparticleloaded monocytes. Methods: The in vitro uptake of 300-nm nanoparticles labeled with magnetite and BODIPY (for optical imaging) was evaluated using rat monocytes and fluorescence detection. For in vivo studies we used the rat lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. In vivo nanoparticle distribution was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Results: 89% of nanoparticle loading into rat monocytes was accomplished within 8 hours, enabling overnight nanoparticle loading ex vivo. The dose-normalized distribution of nanoparticle-loaded monocytes into the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus of rats with spontaneous seizures was 176-fold and 380-fold higher compared to the free nanoparticles (p<0.05). Seizures were associated with greater nanoparticle accumulation within the liver and the spleen (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nanoparticle-loaded monocytes are attracted to epileptogenic brain tissue and may be used for labeling or targeting it, while significantly reducing the systemic dose of potentially toxic compounds. The effect of seizures on monocyte biodistribution should be further explored to better understand the systemic effects of epilepsy.

Phenolic Acids Exert Anticholinesterase and Cognition-Improving Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Szwajgier ◽  
Ewa Baranowska-Wojcik ◽  
Kamila Borowiec
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aβ Fibrils

Numerous authors have provided evidence regarding the beneficial effects of phenolic acids and their derivatives against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, the role of phenolic acids as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is discussed, including the structure-activity relationship. In addition, the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on the formation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils is presented. We also cover the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies concerning the prevention and treatment of the cognitive enhancement.

Pharmacokinetic and toxicology assessment of INTERCEPT (S-59 and UVA treated) platelets

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 533-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Ciaravino ◽  
T McCullough ◽  
A D Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Baxter Healthcare ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Toxicology Assessment

The pathogen inactivation process developed by Cerus and Baxter Healthcare Corporations uses the psoralen, S-59 (amotosalen) in an ex vivo photochemical treatment (PCT) process to inactivate viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and leukocytes in platelet concentrates and plasma. Studies were performed by intravenous infusion of S-59 PCT formulations-compound adsorption device (CAD) treatment and with non-UVA illuminated S-59, using doses that were multiples of potential clinical exposures. The studies comprised full pharmacokinetic, single and repeated-dose (up to 13 weeks duration) toxicity, safety pharmacology (CNS, renal, and cardiovascular), reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity testing in the p53- mouse, vein irritation, and phototoxicity. No specific target organ toxicity (clinical or histopathological), reproductive toxicity, or carcinogenicity was observed. S-59 and/or PCT formulations demonstrated CNS, ECG, and phototoxicity only at supraclinical doses. Based on the extremely large safety margins (>30,000 fold expected clinical exposures), the CNS and ECG observations are not considered to have any toxicological relevance. Additionally, after a complete assessment, mutagenicity and phototoxicity results are not considered relevant for the proposed use of INTERCEPT platelets. Thus, the results of an extensive series of in vitro and in vivo studies have not demonstrated any toxicologically relevant effects of platelet concentrates prepared by the INTERCEPT system.

scholarly journals The Occurrence and Biological Activity of Tormentic Acid—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3797
Author(s):  
Marta Olech ◽  
Wojciech Ziemichód ◽  
Natalia Nowacka-Jechalke
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Tormentic Acid

This review focuses on the natural sources and pharmacological activity of tormentic acid (TA; 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyurs-2-en-28-oic acid). The current knowledge of its occurrence in various plant species and families is summarized. Biological activity (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-osteoarthritic, antinociceptive, antioxidative, anti-melanogenic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic) confirmed in in vitro and in vivo studies is compiled and described. Biochemical mechanisms affected by TA are indicated. Moreover, issues related to the biotechnological methods of production, effective eluents, and TA derivatives are presented.

scholarly journals The pathophysiologic role of the protein kinase Cδ pathway in the intervertebral discs of rabbits and mice: In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1950-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Ellman ◽  
Jae-Sung Kim ◽  
Howard S. An ◽  
Jeffrey S. Kroin ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Protein Kinase Cδ

Ex vivo-expanded bone marrow CD34+ for acute myocardial infarction treatment: in vitro and in vivo studies

Cytotherapy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1140-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Gunetti ◽  
Alessio Noghero ◽  
Fabiola Molla ◽  
Lidia Irene Staszewsky ◽  
Noeleen de Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vivo Studies

311 EX VIVO-EXPANDED PERIPHERAL CD34+ CELLS FOR CHRONICALLY INJURED LIVER TREATMENT: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S130-S131
Author(s):  
T. Nakamura ◽  
T. Torimura ◽  
H. Masuda ◽  
H. Iwamoto ◽  
O. Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Injured Liver

scholarly journals Altered expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins and improved myocardial energetic state during late ischemic preconditioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (10) ◽  
pp. H1974-H1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús A. Cabrera ◽  
Elizabeth A. Ziemba ◽  
Robert Colbert ◽  
Lorraine B. Anderson ◽  
Willem Sluiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Complex Iv ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Energetic State

Altered expression of mitochondrial electron transport proteins has been shown in early preconditioned myocardial tissue. We wished to determine whether these alterations persist in the Second Window of Protection (SWOP) and if so, whether a favorable energetic state is facilitated during subsequent ischemia. Fourteen pigs underwent a SWOP protocol with ten 2-minute balloon inflations in the LAD artery, each separated by 2 minutes reperfusion. Twenty-four hours later, mitochondria were isolated from SWOP and SHAM pig hearts and analyzed for uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 content by western blot analysis, proteomic changes by iTRAQ® and respiration by an oxygen electrode. In parallel in vivo studies, high-energy nucleotides were obtained by transmural biopsy from anesthetized SWOP and SHAM pigs at baseline and during sustained low-flow ischemia. Compared with SHAM mitochondria, ex vivo SWOP heart tissue demonstrated increased expression of UCP-2, Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) and Complex V (ATPase) proteins. In comparison with SHAM pigs during in vivo conditions, transmural energetics in SWOP hearts, as estimated by the free energy of ATP hydrolysis (ΔG0), were similar at baseline but had decreased by the end of low-flow ischemia (-57.0 ± 2.1 versus -51.1 ± 1.4 kJ/mol; P < 0.05). In conclusion, within isolated mitochondria from preconditioned SWOP hearts, UCP-2 is increased and in concert with enhanced Complex IV and V proteins, imparts a favorable energetic state during low-flow ischemia. These data support the notion that mitochondrial adaptations that may reduce oxidant damage do not reduce the overall efficiency of energetics during sustained oxygen deprivation.

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