INDUCTION OF E-SELECTIN BY VASOACTIVE PEPTIDES ON KERATINOCYTES IN VITRO

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. A231-A231
Author(s):  
E. Hagi-Pavli ◽  
PM Farthing ◽  
S. Kapas
Keyword(s):  
Vasoactive Peptides

Binding sites for iodinated endothelin-1, endothelin-2 and endothelin-3 demonstrated on human uterine glandular epithelial cells by quantitative high-resolution autoradiography

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Davenport ◽  
I. T. Cameron ◽  
S. K. Smith ◽  
M. J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Receptor Autoradiography ◽  
Anatomical Distribution ◽  
Vasoactive Peptides ◽  
High Resolution Autoradiography ◽  
Endothelin 3 ◽  
Cross Competition ◽  
In Vitro Receptor Autoradiography

ABSTRACT Quantitative in-vitro receptor autoradiography has been used to localize and compare the anatomical distribution of binding sites for iodinated endothelins (ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3) in human uterus. Binding sites for the three iodinated isoforms had a similar gross anatomical distribution. The density of binding sites was significantly higher in the endometrium compared with the myometrium and greatest at the endometrial–myometrial junction. In cross-competition experiments, unlabelled ET-1, ET-2, ET-3, sarafotoxin S6b and mouse vasoactive intestinal contractor (1 μmol/l) competed for the binding sites of all the iodinated peptides suggesting that ETs may bind to the same receptor. However, preproendothelin(110–130) (endothelin-like peptide) or preproendothelin(124–130) and other non-endothelin vasoactive peptides tested as a concentration of 1 μmol/l did not compete. Micro-autoradiography revealed that high densities of iodinated ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3 binding sites were localized to glandular epithelial cells and blood vessels with lower levels in the myometrium and vascular smooth muscle, suggesting that these potent vasoactive and proliferative agents could play a role in the control of menstruation. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 149–154

DDRE-49. TRANSIENT OPENING OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER BY VASOACTIVE PEPTIDES TO INCREASE CNS DRUG DELIVERY: REALITY VERSUS WISHFUL THINKING?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi85-vi85
Author(s):  
Matthew Smith-Cohn ◽  
Nicholas Burley ◽  
Stuart Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Vasoactive Peptides ◽  
Cns Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Bbb Permeability

Abstract BACKGROUND Drug delivery to treat neurologic disease and cancers of the central nervous system (CNS) is severely limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Vasoactive peptides (VAPs) such as regadenoson, adenosine, and labradimil have been shown in animal studies to transiently open the BBB, and regadenoson is currently under investigation in humans to determine if it might improve CNS drug delivery. There is currently limited information regarding the potential for other VAPs to open the BBB transiently. METHODS We performed a review of the literature evaluating the physiologic effects of vasoactive peptides on the vasculature of the brain and systemic organs. To assess the likelihood that a vasoactive peptide might transiently disrupt the BBB, we devised a four-tier classification system to organize data available in the literature which factors in alterations in BBB integrity and effects on normal brain vasculature and systemic blood vessels. This data was further sorted based on whether it comes from humans, animals, or in vitro systems. RESULTS We identified 38 VAPs with potential BBB permeability-altering properties. To date, none of these has been shown to open the BBB in humans. Thirteen VAPs increased BBB permeability in rodents. The remaining 25 had favorable physiologic effects on blood vessels but lack specific information on permeability changes to the BBB. We ranked VAPs in a four-tier ranking system related to their known physiologic actions. CONCLUSION Rodent studies document that analogs of bradykinin and adenosine transiently disrupt the BBB leading to higher chemotherapy concentrations in the CNS. VAPs remain an understudied class of drugs with the potential to increase drug delivery to the CNS. Dozens of VAPs have yet to be formally evaluated for this important clinical effect. This retrospective review summarizes the available data on VAPs highlighting agents that deserve further in vitro and in vivo investigations.

Different responses of the human gastroepiploic and internal mammary arteries to vasoactive peptides

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (2) ◽  
pp. H583-H587 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Luu ◽  
A. H. Chester ◽  
G. S. O'Neil ◽  
S. Tadjkarimi ◽  
J. R. Pepper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Vasoactive Peptides ◽  
Mammary Arteries ◽  
Internal Mammary ◽  
Human Arteries ◽  
Endothelium Dependent Relaxation

Peptidergic influences have been implicated in the control of tone in human arteries. We have examined the response of human gastroepiploic arteries (GEA) and internal mammary arteries (IMA) to three vasoactive peptides in vitro. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 10(-11) to 3 x 10(-7) M) elicited relaxations in the GEA and IMA [maximum generated response (Emax) 74.6 +/- 9.4 and 56.5 +/- 7.7%, respectively] that were significantly reduced after removal of endothelium. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and indomethacin partially inhibited the response of the GEA to VIP (P < 0.05). In the IMA, VIP-induced relaxation was significantly attenuated by L-NMMA but not indomethacin. Bombesin (10(-10) to 3 x 10(-6) M) produced endothelium-dependent relaxation selectively in the GEA, which was only inhibited by indomethacin (Emax reduced from 59.0 +/- 10.0 to 12.8 +/- 4.9%, P < 0.001). Bombesin elicited a weak endothelium-independent constriction in the IMA, giving 12.7 +/- 1.2% of the response to 90 mM KCl. Gastrin (10(-10) to 3 x 10(-7) M) had no effect on IMA segments but induced a relaxation of 40.0 +/- 3.2% in the GEA via a direct action on the smooth muscle. It is concluded that human GEA and IMA exhibit heterogenous responses to VIP, bombesin, and gastrin that may have important physiological and clinical implications.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

In Vitro Induction of Crystals of MT Protein by Vinblastine-Colcemid in Mouse Spermatids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John J. Wolosewick ◽  
John H. D. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Rough Er ◽  
Distal Direction ◽  
In Vitro Induction

Early in spermiogenesis the manchette is rapidly assembled in a distal direction from the nuclear-ring-densities. The association of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the manchette microtubules (MTS) has been reported. In the mouse, osmophilic densities at the distal ends of the manchette are the organizing centers (MTOCS), and are associated with the SER. Rapid MT assembly and the lack of rough ER suggests that there is an existing pool of MT protein. Colcemid potentiates the reaction of vinblastine with tubulin and was used in this investigation to detect this protein.

Induction and Differentiation of Dental Epithelium in Vivo and in Vitro

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
E. J. Kollar
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Functional Derivatives ◽  
Specific Source ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Connective Tissue Stroma

The differentiation and maintenance of many specialized epithelial structures are dependent on the underlying connective tissue stroma and on an intact basal lamina. These requirements are especially stringent in the development and maintenance of the skin and oral mucosa. The keratinization patterns of thin or thick cornified layers as well as the appearance of specialized functional derivatives such as hair and teeth can be correlated with the specific source of stroma which supports these differentiated expressions.

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

Maytansine-Induced Mitotic Arrest in Human Lymphoblasts

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
Tai-Te Chao ◽  
John Sullivan ◽  
Awtar Krishan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tubulin Polymerization ◽  
Vinca Alkaloids ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Flow Microfluorometry ◽  
Brain Tubulin

Maytansine, a novel ansa macrolide (1), has potent anti-tumor and antimitotic activity (2, 3). It blocks cell cycle traverse in mitosis with resultant accumulation of metaphase cells (4). Inhibition of brain tubulin polymerization in vitro by maytansine has also been reported (3). The C-mitotic effect of this drug is similar to that of the well known Vinca- alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine. This study was carried out to examine the effects of maytansine on the cell cycle traverse and the fine struc- I ture of human lymphoblasts.Log-phase cultures of CCRF-CEM human lymphoblasts were exposed to maytansine concentrations from 10-6 M to 10-10 M for 18 hrs. Aliquots of cells were removed for cell cycle analysis by flow microfluorometry (FMF) (5) and also processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FMF analysis of cells treated with 10-8 M maytansine showed a reduction in the number of G1 cells and a corresponding build-up of cells with G2/M DNA content.

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