The non-mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis of plants as a test system for drugs against malaria and pathogenic bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 796-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zeidler ◽  
J. Schwender ◽  
C. Mueller ◽  
H. K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Test System ◽  
Isoprenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mep Pathway ◽  
Isoprenoid Pathway ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Plant Test

Two plant test systems are presented in the search for new inhibitors of the non-mevalonate isoprenoid pathway. A derivative of clomazone appears to be an inhibitor of the deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate/methylerythritol 4-phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathway of isoprenoid formation.

The Non-Mevalonate Isoprenoid Biosynthesis of Plants as a Test System for New Herbicides and Drugs against Pathogenic Bacteria and the Malaria Parasite

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler ◽  
Johannes Zeidler ◽  
Jörg Schwender ◽  
Christian Müller
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Test System ◽  
Isoprenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mep Pathway ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Isoprenoid Pathway ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum

Higher plants and several photosynthetic algae contain the plastidic 1-deoxy-ᴅ-xylulose 5- phosphate / 2-C-methyl-ᴅ-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway (DOXP/MEP pathway) for isoprenoid biosynthesis. The first four enzymes and their genes are known of this novel pathway. All of the ca. 10 enzymes of this isoprenoid pathway are potential targets for new classes of herbicides. Since the DOXP/MEP pathway also occurs in several pathogenic bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, all inhibitors and potential herbicides of the DOXP/MEP pathway in plants are also potential drugs against pathogenic bacteria and the malaria parasite. Plants with their easily to handle DOXP/MEP-pathway are thus very suitable test-systems also for new drugs against pathogenic bacteria and the malaria parasite as no particular security measures are required. In fact, the antibiotic herbicide fosmidomycin specifically inhibited not only the DOXP reductoisomerase in plants, but also that in bacteria and in the parasite P. falciparum, and cures malaria-infected mice. This is the first successful application of a herbicide of the novel isoprenoid pathway as a possible drug against malaria.

Non-mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis: enzymes, genes and inhibitors

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mevalonate Pathway ◽  
Isoprenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mep Pathway ◽  
Isopentenyl Diphosphate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Isoprenoid Pathway

The essential steps of the novel non-mevalonate pathway of isopentenyl diphosphate and isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants are described. The first five enzymes and genes of this 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate/2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathway are known. The herbicide fosmidomycin specifically blocks the second enzyme, the DOXP reductoisomerase. The DOXP/MEP pathway is also present in several pathogenic bacteria and the malaria parasite. Hence, all herbicides and inhibitors blocking this novel isoprenoid pathway in plants are also potential drugs against malaria and diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of plant and bacterial test systems in detecting of mutagenic effects of oil pollution

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Petimat M Djambetova ◽  
Nina V Reutova
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
By Products

The plant test system soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merill) line T219 turned out to be more sensitive than standart Ames test for evaluation of the mutagenic effect of soil, contaminated by products of combustion and domestic cottage processing of oil. It is preferable to use plant test systems for such investigations because they are more sensitive, simple and inexpensive in comparison with microbial ones.

Application of commercial test-systems to identify gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Patyka ◽  
L. Butsenko ◽  
L. Pasichnyk
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Test System ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Aim. To validate the suitability of commercial API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) for the identifi cation and characterization of facultative gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterial isolates. Methods. Conventional mi- crobiological methods, API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Re- sults. The identifi cation results for Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pantoea agglome- rans isolates were derived from the conventional and API 20E test systems, which, were in line with the literature data for these species. The API 20E test-system showed high suitability for P. agglomerans isolates identifi cation. Although not all the species of facultatively anaerobic phytopathogenic bacteria may be identi- fi ed using API 20E test-system, its application will surely allow obtaining reliable data about their physiologi- cal and biochemical properties, valuable for identifi cation of bacteria, in the course of 24 h. Conclusions. The results of tests, obtained for investigated species while using API 20E test-system, and those of conventional microbiological methods coincided. The application of API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) ensures fast obtain- ing of important data, which may be used to identify phytopathogenic bacteria of Erwinia, Pectobacterium, Pantoea genera.

scholarly journals Stable isotope and chemical inhibition analyses suggested the existence of a non-mevalonate-like pathway in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivamoke Dissook ◽  
Tomohisa Kuzuyama ◽  
Yuri Nishimoto ◽  
Shigeru Kitani ◽  
Sastia Putri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Oleaginous Yeast ◽  
Isoprenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mep Pathway ◽  
Authentic Standard ◽  
Chemical Inhibition ◽  
Chromatographic Peaks ◽  
Methyl Erythritol Phosphate ◽  
Limiting Condition ◽  
Yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica

AbstractMethyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) is the metabolite found in the MEP pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis, which is known to be utilized by plants, algae, and bacteria. In this study, an unprecedented observation was found in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, in which one of the chromatographic peaks was annotated as MEP when cultivated in the nitrogen limiting condition. This finding raised an interesting hypothesis of whether Y. lipolytica utilizes the MEP pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis or not, because there is no report of yeast harboring the MEP pathway. Three independent approaches were used to investigate the existence of the MEP pathway in Y. lipolytica; the spiking of the authentic standard, the MEP pathway inhibitor, and the 13C labeling incorporation analysis. The study suggested that the mevalonate and MEP pathways co-exist in Y. lipolytica and the nitrogen limiting condition triggers the utilization of the MEP pathway in Y. lipolytica.

scholarly journals A comparison of ten USEPA approved total coliform/E. coli tests

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Olstadt ◽  
James Jay Schauer ◽  
Jon Standridge ◽  
Sharon Kluender
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
False Positive ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Test System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Positive Results

Since 2002, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has approved ten enzyme-based total coliform and E. coli detection tests for examination of drinking water. These tests include: Colilert®, Colilert-18®, Colisure®, m-Coli Blue 24®, Readycult® Coliforms 100, Chromocult®, Coliscan®, E*Colite®, Colitag™ and MI Agar. The utility of the enzyme based test systems is based on both the ability of the test to detect the target organisms at low levels and the ability of the test system to suppress the growth of non-target organisms that might result in false positive results. Differences in the ability of some of these methods to detect total coliform and E. coli, as well as suppress Aeromonas spp., a common cause of “false positive” results, have been observed. As a result, this study was undertaken to elucidate the strengths and weaknesses of each method. Water samples were collected from three geographically and chemically diverse groundwaters in Wisconsin. One-hundred milliliter aliquots were individually spiked with both low concentrations (one to ten organisms) and high concentrations (fifty to one-hundred) of each of five different total coliform organisms (Serratia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, E. coli, & Klebsiella). These spiked samples were used to test the capability of ten enzyme-based test systems to both detect and enumerate the spiked organisms. In addition, 100 ml samples were independently spiked with two different strains of Aeromonas spp. at six different levels, to assess the ability of each enzyme-based test to suppress Aeromonas spp. Analysis of the data indicated that wide variability exists among USEPA approved tests to detect and quantify total coliforms, as well as suppress Aeromonas spp.

Selection of Test Systems for Ecological Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Herricks ◽  
D. J. Schaeffer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
System Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Biological monitoring programs developed for ecosystem management, including experimental testing and descriptive assessments can be improved through careful selection of test systems. Test systems are a defined analysis unit employed to examine or assess. Test systems may range from simple biochemical assays to experimental manipulation of ecological systems. We have developed an efficient methodology for the selection of test systems used to assess the ecological system effects of chemicals. The process includes the recognition of ecosystem critical factors, identification of potential measures for these factors and selection of appropriate metrics for experimentation or assessment. A decision tree which leads to two methods for test system selection is proposed.

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