Transcriptional regulation by light and phytohormones of the MGD gene in cucumber

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yamaryo ◽  
D. Kanai ◽  
K. Awai ◽  
T. Masuda ◽  
H. Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Cytokinin Treatment ◽  
Luc Reporter Gene

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase catalyses formation of MGDG, a major structural lipid of chloroplasts. We have already cloned a cDNA for the synthase from a cucumber cDNA library and shown that expression of this gene is regulated by light and a phytohormone, cytokinin. In the present study, we report the molecular basis for transcriptional regulation by light and cytokinin in detail. First, in terms of the enzyme activity, gradual increases in activity mediated by light and cytokinin treatments were observed. At the same time, however, the changes in the mRNA level showed different profiles, with a transient peak during the early stages of light and cytokinin treatment. The interval between the peak level of mRNA and enzyme activation implies the existence of a post-transcriptional regulatory system. In addition, a genomic clone of MGDG synthase isolated from a cucumber genome library was used for a motif search in databases, and this revealed that putative cis-acting elements for light and phytohormones exist in the 5Î-upstream region of the MGD cucumber gene. Detailed analysis of this region for light- and cytokinin-responsive activity was performed using a – 90 truncated 35 S minimal promoter/luciferase (LUC) reporter gene. It resulted in high levels of LUC expression in etiolated cucumber cotyledons in response to illumination and cytokinin treatment. These results indicate that this 5Î-upstream region is involved in light- and cytokinin-enhanced MGD gene expression, and that light- and cytokinin-responsive enhancements of the MGDG synthase activity are regulated, at least in part, at the level of transcription.

scholarly journals Activator-independent gene expression in Neurospora crassa

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-423
Author(s):  
Wayne K Versaw ◽  
Robert L Metzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangement ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Independent Gene ◽  
Acting Mechanism

Abstract A transgenic position effect that causes activator-independent gene expression has been described previously for three Neurospora crassa phosphate-repressible genes. We report analogous findings for two additional positively regulated genes, qa-2  + and ars-1  +, indicating that such position effects are not limited to genes involved in phosphorus metabolism. In addition, we have characterized a number of mutants that display activator-independent gene expression. Each of these mutants contains a chromosomal rearrangement with one breakpoint located in the 5’-upstream region of the affected gene. This suggests that the rearrangements are associated with activator-independent gene expression and that these cis-acting mutations may represent a position effect similar to that responsible for rendering some transgenes independent of their transcriptional activators. We suggest that positively regulated genes in N.  crassa are normally held in a transcriptionally repressed state by a cis-acting mechanism until specifically activated. Disruption of this cis-acting mechanism, either by random integration of a gene by transformation or by chromosomal rearrangement, renders these genes independent or partly independent of the transcriptional activator on which they normally depend.

scholarly journals A Novel CO-Responsive Transcriptional Regulator and Enhanced H2Production by an Engineered Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 Strain

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1708-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Sik Kim ◽  
Ae Ran Choi ◽  
Seong Hyuk Lee ◽  
Hae-Chang Jung ◽  
Seung Seob Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Bioreactor Culture ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory

ABSTRACTGenome analysis revealed the existence of a putative transcriptional regulatory system governing CO metabolism inThermococcus onnurineusNA1, a carboxydotrophic hydrogenogenic archaeon. The regulatory system is composed of CorQ with a 4-vinyl reductase domain and CorR with a DNA-binding domain of the LysR-type transcriptional regulator family in close proximity to the CO dehydrogenase (CODH) gene cluster. Homologous genes of the CorQR pair were also found in the genomes ofThermococcusspecies and “CandidatusKorarchaeum cryptofilum” OPF8. In-frame deletion of eithercorQorcorRcaused a severe impairment in CO-dependent growth and H2production. WhencorQandcorRdeletion mutants were complemented by introducing thecorQRgenes under the control of a strong promoter, the mRNA and protein levels of the CODH gene were significantly increased in a ΔCorR strain complemented with integratedcorQR(ΔCorR/corQR↑) compared with those in the wild-type strain. In addition, the ΔCorR/corQR↑strain exhibited a much higher H2production rate (5.8-fold) than the wild-type strain in a bioreactor culture. The H2production rate (191.9 mmol liter−1h−1) and the specific H2production rate (249.6 mmol g−1h−1) of this strain were extremely high compared with those of CO-dependent H2-producing prokaryotes reported so far. These results suggest that thecorQRgenes encode a positive regulatory protein pair for the expression of a CODH gene cluster. The study also illustrates that manipulation of the transcriptional regulatory system can improve biological H2production.

scholarly journals Quorum Sensing: a Transcriptional Regulatory System Involved in the Pathogenicity of Burkholderia mallei

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 6589-6596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky L. Ulrich ◽  
David DeShazer ◽  
Harry B. Hines ◽  
Jeffrey A. Jeddeloh
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Burkholderia Mallei ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
A Cell

ABSTRACT Numerous gram-negative bacterial pathogens regulate virulence factor expression by using a cell density mechanism termed quorum sensing (QS). An in silico analysis of the Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 genome revealed that it encodes at least two luxI and four luxR homologues. Using mass spectrometry, we showed that wild-type B. mallei produces the signaling molecules N-octanoyl-homoserine lactone and N-decanoyl-homoserine lactone. To determine if QS is involved in the virulence of B. mallei, we generated mutations in each putative luxIR homologue and tested the pathogenicities of the derivative strains in aerosol BALB/c mouse and intraperitoneal hamster models. Disruption of the B. mallei QS alleles, especially in RJ16 (bmaII) and RJ17 (bmaI3), which are luxI mutants, significantly reduced virulence, as indicated by the survival of mice who were aerosolized with 104 CFU (10 50% lethal doses [LD50s]). For the B. mallei transcriptional regulator mutants (luxR homologues), mutation of the bmaR5 allele resulted in the most pronounced decrease in virulence, with 100% of the challenged animals surviving a dose of 10 LD50s. Using a Syrian hamster intraperitoneal model of infection, we determined the LD50s for wild-type B. mallei and each QS mutant. An increase in the relative LD50 was found for RJ16 (bmaI1) (>967 CFU), RJ17 (bmaI3) (115 CFU), and RJ20 (bmaR5) (151 CFU) compared to wild-type B. mallei (<13 CFU). These findings demonstrate that B. mallei carries multiple luxIR homologues that either directly or indirectly regulate the biosynthesis of an essential virulence factor(s) that contributes to the pathogenicity of B. mallei in vivo.

scholarly journals Functional States of the Genome-Scale Escherichia Coli Transcriptional Regulatory System

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e1000403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin P. Gianchandani ◽  
Andrew R. Joyce ◽  
Bernhard Ø. Palsson ◽  
Jason A. Papin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Functional States ◽  
Genome Scale

GATA and Ets cis-acting sequences mediate megakaryocyte-specific expression

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 668-676
Author(s):  
V Lemarchandel ◽  
J Ghysdael ◽  
V Mignotte ◽  
C Rahuel ◽  
P H Roméo
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Cell Type Specificity ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Dna Fragment

The human glycoprotein IIB (GPIIB) gene is expressed only in megakaryocytes, and its promoter displays cell type specificity. We show that this specificity involved two cis-acting sequences. The first one, located at -55, contains a GATA binding site. Point mutations that abolish protein binding on this site decrease the activity of the GPIIB promoter but do not affect its tissue specificity. The second one, located at -40, contains an Ets consensus sequence, and we show that Ets-1 or Ets-2 protein can interact with this -40 GPIIB sequence. Point mutations that impair Ets binding decrease the activity of the GPIIB promoter to the same extent as do mutations that abolish GATA binding. A GPIIB 40-bp DNA fragment containing the GATA and Ets binding sites can confer activity to a heterologous promoter in megakaryocytic cells. This activity is independent of the GPIIB DNA fragment orientation, and mutations on each binding site result in decreased activity. Using cotransfection assays, we show that c-Ets-1 and human GATA1 can transactive the GPIIB promoter in HeLa cells and can act additively. Northern (RNA) blot analysis indicates that the ets-1 mRNA level is increased during megakaryocyte-induced differentiation of erythrocytic/megakaryocytic cell lines. Gel retardation assays show that the same GATA-Ets association is found in the human GPIIB enhancer and the rat platelet factor 4 promoter, the other two characterized regulatory regions of megakaryocyte-specific genes. These results indicate that GATA and Ets cis-acting sequences are an important determinant of megakaryocytic specific gene expression.

scholarly journals Putative VanRS-Like Two-Component Regulatory System Associated with the Inducible Glycopeptide Resistance Cluster of Paenibacillus popilliae

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 2625-2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Fraimow ◽  
Christopher Knob ◽  
Inmaculada A. Herrero ◽  
Robin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory System ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Bacillus Halodurans ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Glycopeptide Resistance ◽  
Transposase Gene ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Paenibacillus Lentimorbus

ABSTRACT Paenibacillus popilliae contains vanF encoding a putative d-Ala:d-lactate (d-Lac) ligase, VanF, as part of the vanY F Z F H F FX F cluster that is similar in structure to the enterococcal vanA and vanB clusters. Using growth curves, we demonstrated that vancomycin resistance in P. popilliae is inducible. Using degenerate oligonucleotides targeted at bacterial cell wall ligases, we identified a second ligase gene with features of a d-Ala:d-Ala ligase in both P. popilliae and the related, vancomycin-susceptible, Paenibacillus lentimorbus. The 3,380-bp region upstream of vanY F Z F H F FX F in P. popilliae ATCC 14706 was sequenced and found to contain genes encoding a putative two-component regulator, VanRFSF, similar to VanRS but more closely related to a family of two-component regulators linked to VanY-like carboxypeptidases in several glycopeptide-susceptible Bacillus species. This upstream region also included a transposase similar to a transposase found in Bacillus halodurans and, in some strains, a 99-bp insertion of unknown function with 95% nucleotide identity to a portion of the Tn1546 transposase gene. Analysis of glycopeptide resistance-associated clusters from soil and/or insect-dwelling organisms may provide important clues to the molecular evolution of acquired glycopeptide resistance elements in human pathogens.

scholarly journals Transcriptional regulation of metabolism in disease: From transcription factors to epigenetics

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam J. Hawkins ◽  
Rasha Al-attar ◽  
Kenneth B. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Dysregulation ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Cis And Trans ◽  
Or Genes

Every cell in an individual has largely the same genomic sequence and yet cells in different tissues can present widely different phenotypes. This variation arises because each cell expresses a specific subset of genomic instructions. Control over which instructions, or genes, are expressed is largely controlled by transcriptional regulatory pathways. Each cell must assimilate a huge amount of environmental input, and thus it is of no surprise that transcription is regulated by many intertwining mechanisms. This large regulatory landscape means there are ample possibilities for problems to arise, which in a medical context means the development of disease states. Metabolism within the cell, and more broadly, affects and is affected by transcriptional regulation. Metabolism can therefore contribute to improper transcriptional programming, or pathogenic metabolism can be the result of transcriptional dysregulation. Here, we discuss the established and emerging mechanisms for controling transcription and how they affect metabolism in the context of pathogenesis. Cis- and trans-regulatory elements, microRNA and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA and histone methylation, all have input into what genes are transcribed. Each has also been implicated in diseases such as metabolic syndrome, various forms of diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of these areas and highlight some natural models that may inspire future therapeutics.

scholarly journals Topoisomerase activity is linked to altered nucleosome positioning and transcriptional regulation in the fission yeast fbp1 gene

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242348
Author(s):  
Ryuta Asada ◽  
Satoshi Senmatsu ◽  
Ben Montpetit ◽  
Kouji Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Nucleosome Positioning ◽  
Dna Topology ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Inactive Form ◽  
Topological State ◽  
Transcriptional Output

Chromatin structure, including nucleosome positioning, has a fundamental role in transcriptional regulation through influencing protein-DNA interactions. DNA topology is known to influence chromatin structure, and in doing so, can also alter transcription. However, detailed mechanism(s) linking transcriptional regulation events to chromatin structure that is regulated by changes in DNA topology remain to be well defined. Here we demonstrate that nucleosome positioning and transcriptional output from the fission yeast fbp1 and prp3 genes are altered by excess topoisomerase activity. Given that lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are transcribed from the fbp1 upstream region and are important for fbp1 gene expression, we hypothesized that local changes in DNA topological state caused by topoisomerase activity could alter lncRNA and fbp1 transcription. In support of this, we found that topoisomerase overexpression caused destabilization of positioned nucleosomes within the fbp1 promoter region, which was accompanied by aberrant fbp1 transcription. Similarly, the direct recruitment of topoisomerase, but not a catalytically inactive form, to the promoter region of fbp1 caused local changes in nucleosome positioning that was also accompanied by altered fbp1 transcription. These data indicate that changes in DNA topological state induced by topoisomerase activity could lead to altered fbp1 transcription through modulating nucleosome positioning.

Transcriptional regulation of the Enterobacter cloacae UW4 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase gene (acdS)

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiping Li ◽  
Bernard R Glick
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Luciferase Activity ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Luciferase Expression ◽  
Luciferase Gene ◽  
The One

Based on DNA sequence analysis and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, the region of DNA immediately upstream of the Enterobacter cloacae UW4 ACC deaminase gene (acdS) contains several features that appear to be involved in its transcriptional regulation. In the present study, the 5' upstream region of acdS was cloned into the promoter-probe vector, pQF70, which carries the promoterless luciferase gene (luxAB), and luciferase expression was monitored. The data obtained from studying the expression of the luciferase gene showed that (i) a leucine responsive regulatory protein (LRP)-like protein encoded within the upstream region is located on the opposite strand from acdS under the control of a promoter stronger than the one responsible for acdS transcription, (ii) luciferase gene expression required both ACC and the LRP-like protein, (iii) luciferase expression was increased three-fold under anaerobic conditions, consistent with the involvement of a fumarate-nitrate reduction (FNR)-like regulatory protein box within the upstream region, and (iv) the addition of leucine to the growth medium decreased luciferase activity in the presence of ACC and increased luciferase activity in the absence of ACC, consistent with leucine acting as a regulator of the expression of the LRP-like protein.Key words: plant growth promotion, ethylene, ACC deaminase, regulation, Enterobacter cloacae.

scholarly journals Adoption of the Q transcriptional regulatory system for zebrafish transgenesis

Methods ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhignya Subedi ◽  
Michelle Macurak ◽  
Stephen T. Gee ◽  
Estela Monge ◽  
Mary G. Goll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory System ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory
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