The role of docosahexaenoic acid in brain development and fetal alcohol syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Burdge
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Fetal Alcohol

Ethanol neurobehavioural teratogenesis and the role of L-glutamate in the fetal hippocampus

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1209-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Reynolds ◽  
James F. Brien
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatal Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Current State ◽  
Developing Neurons

The purpose of this article is to review the current state of knowledge of ethanol neurobehavioural teratogenesis and its postulated mechanisms. The review comprises an examination of ethanol teratogenesis in the human, including the fetal alcohol syndrome, and in experimental animals. Several current proposed mechanisms of ethanol neurobehavioural teratogenesis are critically assessed, including the role of acetaldehyde as the proximate metabolite of ethanol; fetal hypoxia; placental dysfunction; fetal prostaglandin metabolism; and action of ethanol on developing neurons in the fetal brain, including the hippocampus, one of ethanol's main target sites. The effect of ethanol on the release of L-glutamate, an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter, in the fetal hippocampus is described, and the role of L-glutamate in ethanol teratogenesis involving the hippocampus is discussed. A novel mechanism for abnormal neuronal development in the fetal hippocampus produced by prenatal ethanol exposure is presented, and future experiments to test this hypothesis are proposed.Key words: ethanol neurobehavioural teratogenesis, fetal alcohol syndrome, hippocampus, L-glutamate.

scholarly journals Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Parental Experiences and the Role of Family Counselors

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Morrissette
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Parental Experiences ◽  
Child Management ◽  
Family Counselors ◽  
Management Issues

This paper discusses the experiences of foster/adoptive parents who raise children diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and the instrumental role family counselors can play regarding child management issues, intimate relationships, larger system collaboration, and research. For the actual study, six parents participated in individual, in-depth tape-recorded interviews. Each interview was transcribed, thematically analyzed, and revealed seven predominant themes including (a) constant vigil, (b) effects on marriages, (c) child management, (d) parental issues, (e) interactions with professional community, (f) emancipation concerns, and (g) medical implications. The ways in which family counselors can intervene are reviewed and include the role of clinician, facilitator, and researcher/educator.

402: The role of NADPH oxidase enzymes in fetal alcohol syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. S177
Author(s):  
Alexandria Hill ◽  
Huazhi Yin ◽  
Ester Tamayo ◽  
Nathan Drever ◽  
George Saade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Fetal Alcohol

scholarly journals The role of NADPH oxidase in a mouse model of fetal alcohol syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 210 (5) ◽  
pp. 466.e1-466.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria J. Hill ◽  
Nathan Drever ◽  
Huaizhi Yin ◽  
Esther Tamayo ◽  
George Saade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Fetal Alcohol

The Subplate: A Potential Driver of Cortical Folding?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 4697-4708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Rana ◽  
Rosita Shishegar ◽  
Sebastian Quezada ◽  
Leigh Johnston ◽  
David W Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Smooth Structure ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Brain

Abstract In many species of Mammalia, the surface of the brain develops from a smooth structure to one with many fissures and folds, allowing for vast expansion of the surface area of the cortex. The importance of understanding what drives cortical folding extends beyond mere curiosity, as conditions such as preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal alcohol syndrome are associated with impaired folding in the infant and child. Despite being a key feature of brain development, the mechanisms driving cortical folding remain largely unknown. In this review we discuss the possible role of the subplate, a developmentally transient compartment, in directing region-dependent development leading to sulcal and gyral formation. We discuss the development of the subplate in species with lissencephalic and gyrencephalic cortices, the characteristics of the cells found in the subplate, and the possible presence of molecular cues that guide axons into, and out of, the overlying and multilayered cortex before the appearance of definitive cortical folds. An understanding of what drives cortical folding is likely to help in understanding the origins of abnormal folding patterns in clinical pathologies.

The role of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein in a mouse model of fetal alcohol syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 790-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah H Poggi ◽  
Katie Goodwin ◽  
Joanna M Hill ◽  
Douglas E Brenneman ◽  
Elizabetta Tendi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Activity Dependent
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