A lack of Adriamycin (ADR) resistance in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein (Pgp) following in vitro exposure to fractionated X-irradiation

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125S-125S ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD D.H. WHELAN ◽  
LOUISE K. HOSKING ◽  
BRIDGET T. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
In Vitro Exposure ◽  
X Irradiation

scholarly journals Chinese hamster ovary cells replicate adenovirus deoxyribonucleic acid.

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Longiaru ◽  
M S Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Nuclear Extracts

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells infected with adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) produced amounts of viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) equal to that synthesized in permissively infected HeLa cells. However, there was 6,000-fold less virion produced in CHO cells. Since the structural viral polypeptides were not detected by pulse-labeling CHO cells at various times postinfection, the block in virion formation is located between the synthesis of viral DNA and late proteins. Extracts of CHO cells could also function in a recently reported in vitro Ad2 DNA synthesis system which is dependent upon the addition of exogenous Ad2 DNA covalently linked to a 5'-terminal protein (Ikeda et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:5827-5831, 1980). Extracts of infected CHO cytoplasm were able to complement uninfected CHO nuclear extracts to synthesize viral DNA on Ad2 templates. This in vitro replication system has the potential to probe host DNA synthesis requirements as well as viral factors.

Expression of drug resistance in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells following X-ray pre-treatment in vitro.

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 278S-278S ◽  
Author(s):  
SIOBHAN McCLEAN ◽  
RICHARD D. H. WHELAN ◽  
LOUISE K. HOSKING ◽  
BRIDGET T. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals The pericentriolar material in Chinese hamster ovary cells nucleates microtubule formation

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Gould ◽  
GG Borisy
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Ovary Cells ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Pericentriolar Material ◽  
And Function

The structure and function of the centrosomes from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were investigated by electron microscopy of negatively stained wholemount preparations of cell lysates. Cells were trypsinized from culture dishes, lysed with Triton X-100, sedimented onto ionized, carbon-coated grids, and negatively stained with phosphotungstate. The centrosomes from both interphase and dividing cells consisted of pairs of centrioles, a fibrous pericentriolar material, and a group of virus-like particles which were characteristic of the CHO cells and which served as markers for the pericentriolar material. Interphase centrosomes anchored up to two dozen microtubules when cells were lysed under conditions which preserved native microtubules. When Colcemid-blocked mitotic cells, initially devoid of microtubules, were allowed to recover for 10 min, microtubules formed at the pericentriolar material, but not at the centrioles. When lysates of Colcemid-blocked cells were incubated in vitro with micotubule protein purified from porcine brain tissue, up to 250 microtubules assembled at the centrosomes, similar to the number of microtubules that would normally form at the centrosome during cell division. A few microtubules could also be assembled in vitro onto the ends of isolated centrioles from which the pericentriolar material had been removed, forming characteristic axoneme- like bundles. In addition, microtubules; were assembled onto fragments of densely staining, fibrous material which was tentatively identified as periocentriolar material by its association of CHO can initiate and anchor microtubules both in vivo and in vitro.

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate and regular and white Portland cements on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in vitro

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Araki Ribeiro ◽  
Marina Mariko Sugui ◽  
Mariza Akemi Matsumoto ◽  
Marco Antonio Húngaro Duarte ◽  
Mariangela Esther Alencar Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Portland Cements

scholarly journals THE ACTION OF α-AMANITIN ON RNA SYNTHESIS IN CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY CELLS

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Kedinger ◽  
Rene Simard
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Ovary Cells ◽  
Drug Leads ◽  
Nucleolar Rna

α-Amanitin acts in vitro as a selective inhibitor of the nucleoplasmic form B RNA polymerases. Treatment of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with this drug leads principally to a severe fragmentation of the nucleoli. While the ultrastructural lesions induced by α-amanitin in CHO cells and in rat or mouse liver are quite similar, the results diverge concerning the effect on RNA synthesis. It has been shown that in rat or mouse liver α-amanitin blocks both extranucleolar and nucleolar RNA synthesis. Our autoradiographic and biochemical evidence indicates that in CHO cells high molecular weight extranucleolar RNA synthesis (HnRNA) is blocked by the α-amanitin treatment, whereas nucleolar RNA (preribosomal RNA) synthesis remains unaffected even several hours after the inhibition of extranucleolar RNA synthesis. Furthermore, the processing of this RNA as well as its transport to the cytoplasm seem only slightly affected by the treatment. Finally, under these conditions, the synthesis of the low molecular RNA species (4–5S) still occurs, though less actively. The results are interpreted as evidence for a selective impairment of HnRNA synthesis by α-amanitin in CHO cells.

scholarly journals Taenia solium Oncosphere Adhesion to Intestinal Epithelial and Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells In Vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 5158-5166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Verastegui ◽  
Robert H. Gilman ◽  
Yanina Arana ◽  
Dylan Barber ◽  
Jeanette Velásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Ovary Cells

ABSTRACT The specific mechanisms underlying Taenia solium oncosphere adherence and penetration in the host have not been studied previously. We developed an in vitro adhesion model assay to evaluate the mechanisms of T. solium oncosphere adherence to the host cells. The following substrates were used: porcine intestinal mucosal scrapings (PIMS), porcine small intestinal mucosal explants (PSIME), Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells), epithelial cells from ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-8 cells), and epithelial cells from colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2 cells). CHO cells were used to compare oncosphere adherence to fixed and viable cells, to determine the optimum time of oncosphere incubation, to determine the role of sera and monolayer cell maturation, and to determine the effect of temperature on oncosphere adherence. Light microscopy, scanning microscopy, and transmission microscopy were used to observe morphological characteristics of adhered oncospheres. This study showed in vitro adherence of activated T. solium oncospheres to PIMS, PSIME, monolayer CHO cells, Caco-2 cells, and HCT-8 cells. The reproducibility of T. solium oncosphere adherence was most easily measured with CHO cells. Adherence was enhanced by serum-binding medium with >5% fetal bovine serum, which resulted in a significantly greater number of oncospheres adhering than the number adhering when serum at a concentration less than 2.5% was used (P < 0.05). Oncosphere adherence decreased with incubation of cells at 4°C compared with the adherence at 37°C. Our studies also demonstrated that T. solium oncospheres attach to cells with elongated microvillus processes and that the oncospheres expel external secretory vesicles that have the same oncosphere processes.

scholarly journals Acidification of endosome subpopulations in wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells and temperature-sensitive acidification-defective mutants.

1989 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 1291-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Schmid ◽  
R Fuchs ◽  
M Kielian ◽  
A Helenius ◽  
I Mellman
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Permissive Temperature ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Late Endosomes ◽  
Early Endosomes

During endocytosis in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, Semliki Forest virus (SFV) passes through two distinct subpopulations of endosomes before reaching lysosomes. One subpopulation, defined by cell fractionation using free flow electrophoresis as "early endosomes," constitutes the major site of membrane and receptor recycling; while "late endosomes," an electrophoretically distinct endosome subpopulation, are involved in the delivery of endosomal content to lysosomes. In this paper, the pH-sensitive conformational changes of the SFV E1 spike glycoprotein were used to study the acidification of these defined endosome subpopulations in intact wild-type and acidification-defective CHO cells. Different virus strains were used to measure the kinetics at which internalized SFV was delivered to endosomes of pH less than or equal to 6.2 (the pH at which wild-type E1 becomes resistant to trypsin digestion) vs. endosomes of pH less than or equal to 5.3 (the threshold pH for E1 of the SFV mutant fus-1). By correlating the kinetics of acquisition of E1 trypsin resistance with the transfer of SFV among distinct endosome subpopulations defined by cell fractionation, we found that after a brief residence in vesicles of relatively neutral pH, internalized virus encountered pH less than or equal to 6.2 in early endosomes with a t1/2 of 5 min. Although a fraction of the virus reached a pH of less than or equal to 5.3 in early endosomes, most fus-1 SFV did not exhibit the acid-induced conformational change until arrival in late endosomes (t1/2 = 8-10 min). Thus, acidification of both endosome subpopulations was heterogeneous. However, passage of SFV through a less acidic early endosome subpopulation always preceded arrival in the more acidic late endosome subpopulation. In mutant CHO cells with temperature-sensitive defects in endosome acidification in vitro, acidification of both early and late endosomes was found to be impaired at the restrictive temperature (41 degrees C). The acidification defect was also found to be partially penetrant at the permissive temperature, resulting in the inability of any early endosomes in these cells to attain pH less than or equal to 5.3. In vitro studies of endosomes isolated from mutant cells suggested that the acidification defect is most likely in the proton pump itself. In one mutant, this defect resulted in increased sensitivity of the electrogenic H+ pump to fluctuations in the endosomal membrane potential.

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