The Degradation of Onion Cell Walls by Extracellular Enzymes of Botrytis allii and Sclerotium cepivorum

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. MANKARIOS ◽  
J. FRIEND
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Sclerotium Cepivorum ◽  
Botrytis Allii ◽  
Onion Cell

EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES FROM STRAINS OF SORANGIUM

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Gillespie ◽  
F. D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bacterial Cell Walls

Soil organisms belonging to the myxobacter group and predatory on molds, yeasts, nematodes, and streptomycetes as well as on a wide range of bacteria elaborate at least two extracellular enzymes: a protease and a lysin. The protease hydrolyzes casein and haemoglobin and is inactive against bacterial cell walls while the lysin hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls but is inactive on proteins. These enzymes have been separated on hydroxylapatite columns and some of their properties are described. The predatory action of many of the isolates may be explained by the secretion and subsequent action of these two enzymes.

Anatomy and histochemistry of stromatal anamorphs in the Sclerotiniaceae

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Kohn ◽  
Douglas J. Grenville
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Protein Body ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Sclerotium Cepivorum ◽  
Storage Reserve ◽  
Large Deposits

As part of comparative studies of stromata in the Sclerotiniaceae, mature sclerotial and substratal stromata produced in vitro by 19 species, and 1 form-species, representing 13 genera and 1 form-genus, were examined using light microscopy and histochemical staining. Sclerotial-stromatal taxa were Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. trifoliorum, S. minor. Sclerotium cepivorum, Botrytis cinerea, B. porri, Dumontinia tuberose, Ciborinia erythronii, Myriosclerotinia dennisii, M. borealis, Monilinia fructicola, and Stromatinia gladioli. Substratal-stromatal taxa were Lambertella subrenispora, Lanzia luteovirescens, Rutstroemia sydowiana, Stromatinia gladioli, Ovulinia azaleae, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, Scleromitrula shiraiana, and Ciboria acerina. Histochemical staining, particularly 0.05% toluidine blue O in benzoate buffer at pH 4.4, was found to be useful in demarcating the zones within stromata: rind, cortex, and medulla. All sclerotia contained extensive reserves of carbohydrates in thick cell walls and copious extracellular matrix, while protein bodies were usually the major cytoplasmic storage reserve. A group of saprophytic, substratal isolates had thin medullary cell walls and less extracellular matrix, and did not store protein but stored large deposits of lipid in cytoplasm. A group of phytopathogenic, substratal-stromatal isolates appeared to be transitional, with anatomical features and extensive cytoplasmic protein body reserves suggesting that they produce indeterminate sclerotial stromata rather than true substratal stromata.

scholarly journals exoenzymes as a pathogenicity factor for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with coffee plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Cecilia Armesto ◽  
Fernanda Gonçalves Martins Maia ◽  
Fernando Pereira Monteiro ◽  
Mário Sobral de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Severity Degree

ABSTRACT Phytopathogenic fungi during the penetration and colonization process are capable of secreting several enzymes, which enable infection of the host live tissue, acting on the degradation of wax, cuticle and cell walls. The ability of a pathogenic agent to produce enzymes or not can determine the severity degree of a disease. In this study, 33 isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides related to anthracnose and blister spot on coffee trees were evaluated for their ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, lipase, protease, laccase, pectinase and cellulase) and specific cell wall degrading enzymes “CWDEs” (polygalacturonase, polymethylgalacturonase and pectin-lyase), as well as their relationship with the pathogenicity/aggressiveness of isolates. For all isolates of C. gloeosporioides, extracellular enzymes could be detected, except cellulases. Isolates I-9 and I-24 produced the highest levels of extracellular enzymes, as well as CWDEs. They also had the highest disease intensity indexes, suggesting a relationship between enzymes and aggressiveness of the isolates.

scholarly journals Molecular Rigidity in Dry and Hydrated Onion Cell Walls

1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ha ◽  
D. C. Apperley ◽  
M. C. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Molecular Rigidity ◽  
Onion Cell

Experimental Evaluation of Microbial Metal Uptake by Individual Components of a Microbial Biosorption System

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2145-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Pradhan ◽  
A. D. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Extracellular Material

Some microorganisms have the capacity to concentrate metal ions. Besides binding metal ions to cell walls, it is also possible that chemical complexation occurs between metal ions and extracellular enzymes. Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate metal uptake by cells and extracellular material. Dialysis studies demonstrated that extracellular material possesses a greater capacity of binding metals when binding is considered on the basis of chemical oxygen demand (COD).

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