Recycling of Fibroblast Plasma-Membrane Antigens Internalized during Endocytosis

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1164-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES-JACQUES SCHNEIDER ◽  
PAUL TULKENS ◽  
ANDRÉ TROUET
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Antigens

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of autoantibodies reacting with thyroid plasma membrane antigens in sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gardas ◽  
Kathleen L. Rives
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
Membrane Antigens ◽  
Toxic Nodular Goitre

Abstract. A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of autoantibodies reacting with thyroid plasma membrane antigens has been established. Autoantibodies reacting with thyroid plasma membrane antigens were detected by the ELISA in 95% of untreated hyperthyroid Graves', 68% of antithyroid drug-treated Graves' up to four months of the therapy, in 62% of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and in 8.9% of toxic nodular goitre. The ELISA was negative in 100% healthy blood donors, 100% non-toxic nodular goitre, in 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 18 patients with scleroderma and 94% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The mean value of autoantibodies titre was higher in untreated hyperthyroid Graves' (1:84 000) and lowest in positive patients with autoimmune disease of non-thyroid origin (1:4000). The cross-reactivity of antimicrosomal antigen antibodies was below 10%; there was no influence of antithyroglobulin antibodies on the ELISA; and most of the autoantibodies react with plasma membrane antigens different from the TSH binding sites.

scholarly journals Autoimmune encephalitis and epilepsy: evolving definition and clinical spectrum

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Hee Seo ◽  
Yun-Jin Lee ◽  
Ki Hyeong Lee ◽  
Elakkat Gireesh ◽  
Holly Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Membrane Antigens ◽  
Pathologic Processes

Advances in autoimmune encephalitis studies in the past 10 years have led to the identification of new syndromes and biomarkers that have transformed the diagnostic approach to the disorder. The disorder or syndrome has been linked to a wide variety of pathologic processes associated with the neuron-specific autoantibodies targeting intracellular and plasma membrane antigens. However, current criteria for autoimmune encephalitis are quite dependent on antibody testing and responses to immunotherapy, which might delay the diagnosis. This form of encephalitis can involve the multifaceted presentation of seizures and unexpected behavioral changes. The spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms in children is less definitive than that in adults, and the incorporation of clinical, immunological, electrophysiological, and neuroradiological results is critical to the diagnostic approach. In this review, we document the clinical and immunologic characteristics of autoimmune encephalitis known to date, with the goal of helping clinicians in differential diagnosis and to provide prompt and effective treatment.

Autoimmune Encephalitis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McKeon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Membrane Antigens ◽  
Specific Igg

Autoimmune encephalitis clinically encapsulates a spectrum of disorders including limbic encephalitis, and other autoimmune CNS disorders, which often have a paraneoplastic cause. Unlike multiple sclerosis, autoimmune encephalitides are unified by well-characterized neural-specific IgG biomarkers detectable in serum or CSF. Diagnostic laboratory, in vitro and neuropathological studies have demonstrated two broad groups. The first, characterizable by the detection of neuronal nuclear, cytoplasmic, or nucleolar antibodies (such as ANNA-1, aka anti-Hu), likely have a cytotoxic T cell mediated pathogenesis. The second, characterizable by the detection of antibodies targeting plasma membrane antigens, such as NMDA receptor, are likely mediated (at least in part) by pathogenic antibody.

Immunochemical comparison of synaptic plasma membrane and synaptic vesicle membrane antigens

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. C. Howe ◽  
E. M. Fenwick ◽  
J. A. P. Rostas ◽  
B. G. Livett
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Synaptic Vesicle ◽  
Synaptic Plasma Membrane ◽  
Vesicle Membrane ◽  
Membrane Antigens

scholarly journals Lymphokine enhances the expression and synthesis of Ia antigens on cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages.

1980 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 1248-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Steinman ◽  
N Nogueira ◽  
M D Witmer ◽  
J D Tydings ◽  
I S Mellman
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Ia Antigens ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Membrane Antigens ◽  
Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Maximal Expression

Soluble products from antigen stimulated Trypanosoma cruzi-immune spleen cells enhanced the expression of Ia antigens on proteose-peptone-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages (M phi). Acquisition of Ia paralleled M phi activation, previously shown to be mediated by this same source of lymphokine (LK). Expression of Ia and four other plasma membrane antigens was monitored by quantitative binding and radioautographic studies with 125I-monoclonal antibodies. Immune LK selectively enhanced expression of Ia and, to a lesser extent, H-2D relative to control LK from antigen-stimulated noninfected spleen. The levels of three other non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, including the trypsin-resistant Fc receptor, were similar in cells exposed to both sources of LK. As little as 1% immune LK induced one-half maximal expression of Ia. Kinetic studies revealed that much of the Ia on freshly explanted peritoneal M phi was lost during the 1st d of culture. In the continued presence of immune LK, Ia was re-expressed on virtually all M phi by the 2nd and 3rd d. Alternatively, > 95% Ia negative populations were obtained by culturing the cells 3 d; then, addition of LK induced Ia on most cells within 1 d. Once induced, Ia persisted on the M phi surface for at least 2 d. [35S]methionine radiolabeling indicated that immune LK selectively increased radiolabeling of M phi Ia, again with other non-MHC-linked plasma membrane polypeptides as controls. LK-induced Ia-bearing M phi were tested as primary mixed leukocyte reaction stimulators. 1 x 10(5)-2 x 10(5) M phi did not stimulate 4.5 x 10(6) responding T cells, whereas 10(4) dendritic cells induced strong responses, as previously described. Because Ia-positive M phi do not actively sensitize T cells in a model immune response, we propose that M phi MHC products serve primarily as recognition sites for previously sensitized T cells, thereby enhancing T cell-mediated M phi activation.

scholarly journals Establishment of plasma membrane domains in hepatocytes. I. Characterization and localization to the bile canaliculus of three antigens externally oriented in the plasma membrane.

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1823-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Cook ◽  
E Hou ◽  
Y Hou ◽  
A Cairo ◽  
D Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Fraction ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Limited Proteolysis ◽  
Bile Canaliculus ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis ◽  
Membrane Antigens ◽  
Sinusoidal Surface

A membrane fraction denoted N2 upper was isolated from homogenates of rat liver by sucrose gradient centrifugation. This fraction, which was enriched 65-fold over the homogenate in 5'-nucleotidase activity, was used as an immunogen in goats. The antisera obtained contained antibodies to three predominant polypeptides in the N2 upper membrane fraction, as shown by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. These polypeptides had molecular weights of 105,000, 110,000, and 160,000 after recovery from the crossed immunoelectrophoretic gels and are denoted PM105, PM110, and PM160. Each was a distinct polypeptide, as shown by the distinct peptide patterns resulting from limited proteolysis in the presence of detergents. The three polypeptides were synthesized by primary cultures of hepatocytes and were externally oriented at the surface of these cells, as shown by their accessibility in situ to iodination catalyzed by lactoperoxidase. They were not detectable in the serum by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The three antigens were present at very low (PM110) or nondetectable (PM105, PM160) concentrations in intracellular membrane fractions derived from the Golgi and smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum of liver. The antigens also were reduced in concentration in a plasma membrane fraction most likely derived from the sinusoidal surface of the hepatocyte. The three membrane antigens bind to concanavalin A; hence, they are probably glycoprotein constituents of a discrete domain of the hepatocyte plasma membrane. Immune complexes were isolated after crossed immunoelectrophoresis and injected into rabbits. Each of the antisera obtained was reactive to one of the membrane polypeptides. Sections of fixed rat livers were reacted with each of the antibodies and then the primary antibody was localized by indirect immunocytochemical methods using horseradish peroxidase or colloidal gold as labels. Each of the three antigens was localized by this method to the bile canalicular domain of the hepatocyte plasma membrane.

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