Membrane nanodomains: contribution of curvature and interaction with proteins and cytoskeleton

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthil Arumugam ◽  
Patricia Bassereau
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Membrane Heterogeneity ◽  
Lateral Membrane ◽  
Biological Functionality ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Organizing Principles

The understanding of lipid membranes and their organization has undergone significant development with better techniques and therefore more resolved experiments. Many new factors and organizing principles have been discovered, and interplay between these factors is expected to result in rich functional behaviours. The major factors regulating the lateral membrane heterogeneity, apart from the well-studied phase separation, are cytoskeleton pinning, clustering of lipids and curvature. These factors are effective means to create membrane domains that provide rich biological functionality. We review the recent advances and concepts of membrane heterogeneity organization by curvature, cytoskeleton and clustering proteins.

scholarly journals Stabilizing membrane domains antagonizes n-alcohol anesthesia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B. Machta ◽  
E. Grey ◽  
M. Nouri ◽  
N.L.C. McCarthy ◽  
E.M. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Membrane Heterogeneity ◽  
Anesthetic Potency ◽  
Better Than

AbstractDiverse molecules induce general anesthesia with potency strongly correlated both with their hydrophobicity and their effects on certain ion channels. We recently observed that several n-alcohol anesthetics inhibit heterogeneity in plasma membrane derived vesicles by lowering the critical temperature (Tc) for phase separation. Here we exploit conditions that stabilize membrane heterogeneity to further test the correlation between the anesthetic potency of n-alcohols and effects on Tc. First we show that hexadecanol acts oppositely to n-alcohol anesthetics on membrane mixing and antagonizes ethanol induced anesthesia in a tadpole behavioral assay. Second, we show that two previously described ‘intoxication reversers’ raise Tc and counter ethanol’s effects in vesicles, mimicking the findings of previous electrophysiological and behavioral measurements. Third, we find that hydrostatic pressure, long known to reverse anesthesia, also raises Tc in vesicles with a magnitude that counters the effect of butanol at relevant concentrations and pressures. Taken together,these results demonstrate that ΔTc predicts anesthetic potency for n-alcohols better than hydrophobicity in a range of contexts, supporting a mechanistic role for membrane heterogeneity in general anesthesia.

What do nanometer molecular trajectories tell us about heterogeneous cell surface domaines?

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 786-787
Author(s):  
Watt W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Protein Diffusion ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins ◽  
Membrane Heterogeneity ◽  
Fluorescence Photobleaching Recovery ◽  
Photobleaching Recovery ◽  
Plasma Membrane Heterogeneity

Plasma membrane heterogeneity is implicit in the existence of specialized cell surface organelles which are necessary for cellular function; coated pits, post and pre-synaptic terminals, microvillae, caveolae, tight junctions, focal contacts and endothelial polarization are examples. The persistence of these discrete molecular aggregates depends on localized restraint of the constituent molecules within specific domaines in the cell surface by strong intermolecular bonds and/or anchorage to extended cytoskeleton. The observed plasticity of many of organelles and the dynamical modulation of domaines induced by cellular signaling evidence evanescent intermolecular interactions even in conspicuous aggregates. There is also strong evidence that universal restraints on the mobility of cell surface proteins persist virtually everywhere in cell surfaces, not only in the discrete organelles. Diffusion of cell surface proteins is slowed by several orders of magnitude relative to corresponding protein diffusion coefficients in isolated lipid membranes as has been determined by various ensemble average methods of measurement such as fluorescence photobleaching recovery(FPR).

scholarly journals Dynamics of Phase Separation in Lipid Membranes

2010 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 664a
Author(s):  
Brian Camley ◽  
Frank L.H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Lipid Membranes

scholarly journals Transient Nanoscopic Phase Separation in Biological Lipid Membranes Resolved by Planar Plasmonic Antennas

ACS Nano ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 7241-7250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamina M. Winkler ◽  
Raju Regmi ◽  
Valentin Flauraud ◽  
Jürgen Brugger ◽  
Hervé Rigneault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Lipid Membranes

Relationship between wax, suint and fleece rot: effect of sample preparation, time of sampling and fleece rot induction

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Raadsma ◽  
KJ Thornberry
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Stable Relationship ◽  
Means Of Measurement ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The major factors thought to affect the relationship between wax and suint and fleece rot susceptibility were examined. Time of sampling and fleece rot induction were the major factors which resulted in changes in wax and suint levels in the fleece and their relationship with fleece rot. Variation in staple portion used for extraction did alter the yields of wax and suint, but these yields were highly correlated to full staple values in the case of wax (r = 0.77-0.92) and lower in the case of suint (r = 0.23-0.77). Variation in length of staple used did not alter the relationship between wax and suint levels and fleece rot. We conclude that wax would be a more suitable indicator of fleece rot susceptibility than would suint because of its more stable relationship with fleece rot. Differences between sheep affected and unaffected with fleece rot in wax and suint values were small and consistent for the 15 Merino genotypes sampled. The evaluation of wax for indirect selection against fleece rot will depend on further evaluation of the required genetic parameters and a more cost-effective means of measurement.

scholarly journals Coupling between pore formation and phase separation in charged lipid membranes

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Himeno ◽  
Hiroaki Ito ◽  
Yuji Higuchi ◽  
Tsutomu Hamada ◽  
Naofumi Shimokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Pore Formation

scholarly journals Digital holographic microscopy of phase separation in multicomponent lipid membranes

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 126016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Farzam Rad ◽  
Ali-Reza Moradi ◽  
Ahmad Darudi ◽  
Lobat Tayebi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Digital Holographic Microscopy ◽  
Holographic Microscopy
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