Induction of transcripts derived from promoter III of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α gene in mammary gland is associated with recruitment of SREBP-1 to a region of the proximal promoter defined by a DNase I hypersensitive site

2003 ◽  
Vol 376 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-823
Author(s):  
M. C. BARBER ◽  
A. J. VALLANCE ◽  
H. T. KENNEDY ◽  
M. T. TRAVERS
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Hypersensitive Site ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Dnase I Hypersensitive Site

scholarly journals Induction of transcripts derived from promoter III of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α gene in mammary gland is associated with recruitment of SREBP-1 to a region of the proximal promoter defined by a DNase I hypersensitive site

2003 ◽  
Vol 375 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. BARBER ◽  
Amanda J. VALLANCE ◽  
Helen T. KENNEDY ◽  
Maureen T. TRAVERS
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Proximal Site

ACC-α (acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α), a key regulator of fatty-acid metabolism, is encoded by mRNAs transcribed from three promoters, PI, PII and PIII, in the ovine genome. Enhanced expression of transcripts encoded by PIII in mammary gland during lactation is associated with alterations in chromatin structure that result in the detection of two DNase I hypersensitive sites, upstream of the start site. The most proximal site, located between −190 and −10, is characterized by the presence of an inverted-CCAAT box, C2 at −167, and E-boxes, E1 and E2, at −151 and −46. Deletion of these motifs, which bind nuclear factor-Y and upstream stimulatory factors respectively in gel-shift assays, attenuates the activity of luciferase reporter constructs in transfected cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that these transcription factors were associated with PIII in vivo in both lactating and non-lactating mammary tissues. The basic helix–loop–helix-leucine zipper transcription factor, SREBP-1 (sterol-regulated-element-binding protein-1), transactivated PIII reporter constructs in transfected HC11 mammary cells, and this was dependent on the presence of E1, but not on C2 or E2. SREBP-1 was only associated with PIII in chromatin from lactating animals, which was coincident with a 4-fold increase in the precursor (125 kDa) form of SREBP-1 in microsomes and the appearance of the mature form (68 kDa) in the nucleus. SREBP-1 motifs are also present in the proximal region of PII, which is also induced in lactation. This indicates that SREBP-1 is a major developmental regulator of the programme of lipid synthesis de novo in the lactating mammary gland.

scholarly journals Growth-hormone-prolactin interactions in the regulation of mammary and adipose-tissue acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity and gene expression in lactating rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Barber ◽  
M T Travers ◽  
E Finley ◽  
D J Flint ◽  
R G Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Total Enzyme Activity ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Total Enzyme ◽  
Activation Status

The factors and mechanisms responsible for the reciprocal changes in lipogenesis in rat mammary gland and adipose tissue during the lactation cycle have been investigated. Lactation decreased the activation status and mRNA concentration of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in adipose tissue. Litter removal decreased the mRNA concentration of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the mammary gland and increased the enzyme's mRNA concentration and activation status in adipose tissue. Lowering serum prolactin concentration in lactating rats decreased the amount of mammary acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA and increased that of adipose tissue, and increased the activation status of the enzyme in adipose tissue. Decreasing serum growth hormone (GH) alone had little effect on acetyl-CoA carboxylase in lactating rats, although it did lower pup growth rate and serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I. Lowering serum GH concentration exacerbated the effects of decreasing serum prolactin on mammary-gland (but not adipose-tissue) acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA and further increased the rise in activation status of the adipose-tissue enzyme induced by decreasing serum prolactin. Changes in acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA in both mammary and adipose tissue were paralleled by changes in total enzyme activity except after litter removal, when there was a disproportionately large decrease in total enzyme activity of the mammary gland. Thus prolactin has a major and GH a minor role in the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity during lactation. Changes in mammary activity in response to prolactin and GH are primarily due to alterations in gene transcription, whereas adaptation in adipose tissue involves both changes in gene transcription and activation status.

scholarly journals Regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in rat mammary gland. Effects of starvation and of insulin and prolactin deficiency on the fraction of the enzyme in the active form in vivo

1982 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. McNeillie ◽  
Victor A. Zammit
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Initial Activity ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland ◽  
Rate Limiting

The ‘initial’ (I), endogenous phosphatase-activated (A) and citrate-activated (C) activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase were measured in mammary-gland extracts of pregnant and lactating rats. There was a 10-fold increase in the A and C enzyme activities in the transition from early to peak lactation [cf. data of Mackall & Lane (1977) Biochem. J.162, 635–642], but there was no significant increase in the ratio of the initial activity to the A and C activities of the enzyme. Starvation (24h) or short-term (3h) streptozotocin-induced diabetes both resulted in a 40% decrease in I/A and I/C activity ratios. In starvation this was accompanied by a decrease in the absolute values of the A and C activities such that the initial activity in mammary glands of starved animals was 45% that in glands from fed animals. Insulin treatment of starved or diabetic animals 60min before killing increased the I activity without affecting the A or C enzyme activities. Removal of the pups for 24h from animals in peak lactation (weaning) resulted in a marked but similar decrease in all three activities such that, although the initial activity was only 10% of that in suckled animals, the I/A and I/C activity ratios remained high and unaltered. Inhibition of prolactin secretion by injection of 2-bromo-α-ergocryptine gave qualitatively similar results to those during weaning. Simultaneous administration of ovine prolactin completely prevented the effects of bromoergocryptine. It is suggested that the initial activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in rat mammary gland is regulated by at least two parallel mechanisms: (i) an acute regulation of the proportion of the enzyme in the active state and (ii) a longer-term modulation of enzyme concentration in the gland. Insulin appeared to mediate its acute effects through mechanism (i), whereas prolactin had longer-term effects on enzyme concentration in the gland. A comparison of initial enzyme activities (I) obtained in the present study with rates of lipogenesis measured in vivo [Agius & Williamson (1980) Biochem. J.192, 361–364; Munday & Williamson (1981) Biochem. J.196, 831–837] gave good agreement between the two sets of data for all conditions studied except for 24h-starved and streptozotocin-diabetic animals. It is suggested that acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity is rate-limiting for lipogenesis in the mammary gland in normal, fed, suckled or weaned animals but that in starved and short-term diabetic animals changes in the activity of the enzyme by covalent modification alone may not be sufficient to maintain the enzyme in its rate-limiting role.

scholarly journals Mi2β Shows Chromatin Enzyme Specificity by Erasing a DNase I-hypersensitive Site Established by ACF

2009 ◽  
Vol 284 (12) ◽  
pp. 7533-7541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Ishii ◽  
Hansen Du ◽  
Zhaoqing Zhang ◽  
Angus Henderson ◽  
Ranjan Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dnase I ◽  
Enzyme Specificity ◽  
Hypersensitive Site ◽  
Dnase I Hypersensitive Site

A Binding Protein to the DNase I Hypersensitive Site II in HLA-DRα Gene Was Identified as NF90

Biochemistry ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 3355-3361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Sakamoto ◽  
Keiko Morisawa ◽  
Katsuya Ota ◽  
Jing Nie ◽  
Taketoshi Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Hypersensitive Site ◽  
Dnase I Hypersensitive Site
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