Functional properties of Drosophila inositol trisphosphate receptors

2001 ◽  
Vol 359 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. SWATTON ◽  
Stephen A. MORRIS ◽  
Frank WISSING ◽  
Colin W. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Inositol Trisphosphate ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
S2 Cells ◽  
Ip3 Receptors ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Adenophostin A

The functional properties of the only inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor subtype expressed in Drosophila were examined in permeabilized S2 cells. The IP3 receptors of S2 cells bound (1,4,5)IP3 with high affinity (Kd = 8.5±1.1nM), mediated positively co-operative Ca2+ release from a thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ store (EC50 = 75±4nM, Hill coefficient = 2.1±0.2), and they were recognized by an antiserum to a peptide conserved in all IP3 receptor subtypes in the same way as mammalian IP3 receptors. As with mammalian IP3 receptors, (2,4,5)IP3 (EC50 = 2.3±0.3μM) and (4,5)IP2 (EC50 approx. 10μM) were approx. 20- and 100-fold less potent than (1,4,5)IP3. Adenophostin A, which is typically approx. 10-fold more potent than IP3 at mammalian IP3 receptors, was 46-fold more potent than IP3 in S2 cells (EC50 = 1.67±0.07nM). Responses to submaximal concentrations of IP3 were quantal and IP3-evoked Ca2+ release was biphasically regulated by cytosolic Ca2+. Using rapid superfusion to examine the kinetics of IP3-evoked Ca2+ release from S2 cells, we established that IP3 (10μM) maximally activated Drosophila IP3 receptors within 400ms. The activity of the receptors then slowly decayed (t1/2 = 2.03±0.07s) to a stable state which had 47±1% of the activity of the maximally active state. We conclude that the single subtype of IP3 receptor expressed in Drosophila has similar functional properties to mammalian IP3 receptors and that analyses of IP3 receptor function in this genetically tractable organism are therefore likely to contribute to understanding the roles of mammalian IP3 receptors.

scholarly journals Differential regulation of types-1 and -3 inositol trisphosphate receptors by cytosolic Ca2+

1997 ◽  
Vol 328 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. A. CARDY ◽  
David TRAYNOR ◽  
W. Colin TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Inositol Trisphosphate ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Sf9 Cells ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Ip3 Receptors ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Receptor Isoforms ◽  
Type 3

Biphasic regulation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3)-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization by cytosolic Ca2+ is believed to contribute to regenerative intracellular Ca2+ signals. Since cells typically express several IP3 receptor isoforms and the effects of cytosolic Ca2+ are not mediated by a single mechanism, it is important to resolve the properties of each receptor subtype. Full-length rat types-1 and -3 IP3 receptors were expressed in insect Sf9 cells at levels 10-40-fold higher than the endogenous receptors. The expressed receptors were glycosylated and assembled into tetramers, and binding of [3H]IP3 to each subtype was regulated by cytosolic Ca2+. The effects of increased [Ca2+] on native cerebellar and type-1 receptors expressed in Sf9 cells were indistinguishable. A maximally effective increase in [Ca2+] reversibly inhibited [3H]IP3 binding by approx. 50% by decreasing the number of IP3-binding sites (Bmax) without affecting their affinity for IP3. The effects of Ca2+ on type-3 receptors were more complex: increasing [Ca2+] first stimulated [3H]IP3 binding by increasing Bmax, and then inhibited it by causing a substantial decrease in the affinity of the receptor for IP3. The different effects of Ca2+ on the receptor subtypes were not a consequence of limitations in the availability of accessory proteins or of artifactual effects of Ca2+ on membrane structure. We conclude that Ca2+ can inhibit IP3 binding to types-1 and -3 IP3 receptors although by different mechanisms, and that IP3 binding to type-3 receptors is stimulated at intermediate [Ca2+]. A consequence of these differences is that, at resting cytosolic [Ca2+], type-3 receptors are more sensitive than type-1 receptors to IP3, but the situation reverses at higher cytosolic [Ca2+]. Such differences may be important in generating the spatially and temporally complex changes in cytosolic [Ca2+] evoked by receptors linked to IP3 formation.

Selective recognition of inositol phosphates by subtypes of the inositol trisphosphate receptor

2001 ◽  
Vol 355 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund P. NEROU ◽  
Andrew M. RILEY ◽  
Barry V. L. POTTER ◽  
Colin W. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxy Group ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Inositol Trisphosphate ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Ip3 Receptors ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Subtype Selectivity ◽  
Type 3

Synthetic analogues of inositol trisphosphate (IP3), all of which included structures equivalent to the 4,5-bisphosphate of (1,4,5)IP3, were used to probe the recognition properties of rat full-length type 1, 2 and 3 IP3 receptors expressed in insect Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells. Using equilibrium competition binding with [3H](1,4,5)IP3 in Ca2+-free cytosol-like medium, the relative affinities of the receptor subtypes for (1,4,5)IP3 were type 3 (Kd = 11±2nM)>type 2 (Kd = 17±2nM) > type 1 (Kd = 24±4nM). (1,4,5)IP3 binding was reversibly stimulated by increased pH, but the subtypes differed in their sensitivity to pH (type 1 > type 2>type 3). For all three subtypes, the equatorial 6-hydroxy group of (1,4,5)IP3 was essential for high-affinity binding, the equatorial 3-hydroxy group significantly improved affinity, and the axial 2-hydroxy group was insignificant; a 1-phosphate (or in its absence, a 2-phosphate) improved binding affinity. The subtypes differed in the extents to which they tolerated inversion of the 3-hydroxy group of (1,4,5)IP3 (type 1>type 2>type 3), and this probably accounts for the selectivity of (1,4,6)IP3 for type 1 receptors. They also differed in their tolerance of inversion, removal or substitution (by phosphate) of the 2-hydroxy group (types 2 and 3>type 1), hence the selectivity of (1,2,4,5)IP4 for type 2 and 3 receptors. Removal of the 3-hydroxy group or its replacement by fluorine or CH2OH was best tolerated by type 3 receptors, and accounts for the selectivity of 3-deoxy(1,4,5)IP3 for type 3 receptors. Our results provide the first systematic analysis of the recognition properties of IP3 receptor subtypes and have identified the 2- and 3-positions of (1,4,5)IP3 as key determinants of subtype selectivity.

scholarly journals Determinants of adenophostin A binding to inositol trisphosphate receptors

2002 ◽  
Vol 367 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. MORRIS ◽  
Edmund P. NEROU ◽  
Andrew M. RILEY ◽  
Barry V.L. POTTER ◽  
Colin W. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Binding Domain ◽  
Sf9 Cells ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Ip3 Receptors ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Recombinant Type ◽  
Adenophostin A ◽  
Binding Core

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors from cerebellum and recombinant type 1 IP3 receptors expressed in Sf9 cells had indistinguishable affinities for IP3 (Kd = 6.40±0.48nM) and adenophostin A (Kd = 0.89±0.05nM). In cytosol-like medium, each of the three mammalian IP3 receptor subtypes when expressed in Sf9 cells bound adenophostin A with greater affinity than IP3. It has been suggested that adenophostin A binds with high affinity only in the presence of ATP, but we found that adenophostin A similarly displaced [3H]IP3 from type 1 IP3 receptors whatever the ATP concentration. N-terminal fragments of the type 1 receptor were expressed with and without the S1 splice site; its removal had no effect on [3H]IP3 binding to the 1—604 protein, but abolished binding to the 224—604 protein. The 1—604 fragment and full-length receptor bound adenophostin A with the same affinity, but the fragment had 3-fold greater affinity for IP3, suggesting that C-terminal residues selectively inhibit IP3 binding. The 224—604S1+ fragment bound IP3 and adenophostin A with increased affinity, but as with the 1—604 fragment it bound adenophostin A with only 2-fold greater affinity than IP3. High-affinity binding of adenophostin A may be partially determined by its 2′-phosphate interacting more effectively than the 1-phosphate of IP3 with residues within the IP3-binding core. This may account for the 2-fold greater affinity of adenophostin A relative to IP3 for the minimal IP3-binding domain. In addition we suggest that C-terminal residues, which impede access of IP3, may selectively interact with adenophostin A to allow it unhindered access to the IP3-binding domain.

Both endothelin-A and endothelin-B receptors are present on adult rat cardiac ventricular myocytes

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G Allen ◽  
Luu Lien Phuong ◽  
Hala Farhat ◽  
Dominique Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Endothelin A ◽  
Endothelin B

Endothelin-A (ETA) and endothelin-B (ETB) receptors have been demonstrated in intact heart and cardiac membranes. ETA receptors have been demonstrated on adult ventricular myocytes. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of ETB and the relative contribution of this receptor subtype to total endothelin-1 (ET-1) binding on adult ventricular myocytes. Saturation binding experiments indicated that ET-1 bound to a single population of receptors (Kd = 0.52 ± 0.13 nM, n = 4) with an apparent maximum binding (Bmax) of 2.10 ± 0.25 sites (× 105)/cell (n = 4). Competition experiments using 40 pM [125I]ET-1 and nonradioactive ET-1 revealed a Ki of 660 ± 71 pM (n = 10) and a Hill coefficient (nH) of 0.99 ± 0.10 (n = 10). A selective ETA antagonist, BQ610, displaced 80% of the bound [125I]ET-1. No displacement was observed by concentrations of an ETB-selective antagonist, BQ788, up to 1.0 μM. However, in the presence of 1.0 μM BQ610, BQ788 inhibited the remaining [125I]ET-1 binding. Similarly, in the presence of 1.0 μM BQ788, BQ610 inhibited the remaining specific [125I]ET-1 binding. Binding of an ETB1-selective agonist, [125I]IRL-1620, confirmed the presence of ETB. ETB bound to ET-1 irreversibly, whereas binding to ETA demonstrated both reversible and irreversible components, and BQ610 and BQ788 bound reversibly. Reducing the incubation temperature to 0°C did not alter the irreversible component of ET-1 binding. Hence, both ETA and ETB receptors are present on intact adult rat ventricular myocytes, and the ratio of ETA:ETB binding sites is 4:1. Both receptor subtypes bind to ET-1 by a two-step association involving the formation of a tight receptor–ligand complex; however, the kinetics of ET-1 binding to ETA versus ETB differ.Key words: cell communication, endothelins, receptors, inotropic agents, signal transduction

Effects of angiotensin II and nonpeptide receptor antagonists on transduction pathways in rat proximal tubule

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. C750-C758 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Poggioli ◽  
G. Lazar ◽  
P. Houillier ◽  
J. P. Gardin ◽  
J. M. Achard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Inositol Trisphosphate ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
At1 Antagonist ◽  
Rat Proximal Tubule

Because the presence of the angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent phosphoinositide hydrolysis has been questioned from studies in proximal cells in culture, we looked for this transduction pathway in suspension of freshly isolated rat proximal tubule fragments. ANG II-receptor activation induced a prompt (within 15 s) and sustained increase in [3H]inositol phosphates (IPs; inositol trisphosphate, inositol bisphosphate, and inositol monophosphate). In fura-2-loaded tubules, it elicited a rapid and biphasic rise in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) with an early peak (within 15 s) followed by a plateau. The peak was maintained in the absence of extracellular calcium. ANG II-induced inositol trisphosphate and [Ca2+]i rises showed a similar dose dependency, with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 2.9 and 5.5 nM, respectively. We checked that ANG II inhibited basal (EC50 4.4 nM) and parathyroid hormone- and forskolin-stimulated cAMP production, the latter effect being inhibited by pertussis toxin pretreatment. The effects of ANG II on IPs and [Ca2+]i were inhibited by the ANG II receptor subtype 1 (AT1) antagonist losartan and not by the ANG II receptor subtype 2 (AT2) antagonists PD 123177 and PD 123319. The effect of ANG II on forskolin-stimulated cAMP was inhibited by losartan and not by PD 123319. In agreement with these results, specific binding of 125I-[Sar1,Ile8]ANG II was markedly inhibited by losartan, whereas PD 123319 had no effect. These results demonstrate that AT1 receptor subtypes are present in intact rat proximal tubule cells and are coupled to both IPs-Ca2+ and cAMP signaling pathways. No evidence for AT2 receptor subtype is found.

scholarly journals Stimulation of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate (IP3) Receptor Subtypes by Adenophostin A and Its Analogues

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e58027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Saleem ◽  
Stephen C. Tovey ◽  
Andrew M. Riley ◽  
Barry V. L. Potter ◽  
Colin W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Ip3 Receptor ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate ◽  
Adenophostin A ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals GRKs as Modulators of Neurotransmitter Receptors

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Eugenia V. Gurevich ◽  
Vsevolod V. Gurevich
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
General Model ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Receptor Internalization ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptors ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Homologous Desensitization

Many receptors for neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and neuropeptides, belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). A general model posits that GPCRs undergo two-step homologous desensitization: the active receptor is phosphorylated by kinases of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) family, whereupon arrestin proteins specifically bind active phosphorylated receptors, shutting down G protein-mediated signaling, facilitating receptor internalization, and initiating distinct signaling pathways via arrestin-based scaffolding. Here, we review the mechanisms of GRK-dependent regulation of neurotransmitter receptors, focusing on the diverse modes of GRK-mediated phosphorylation of receptor subtypes. The immediate signaling consequences of GRK-mediated receptor phosphorylation, such as arrestin recruitment, desensitization, and internalization/resensitization, are equally diverse, depending not only on the receptor subtype but also on phosphorylation by GRKs of select receptor residues. We discuss the signaling outcome as well as the biological and behavioral consequences of the GRK-dependent phosphorylation of neurotransmitter receptors where known.

scholarly journals Transmitter and ion channel profiles of neurons in the primate abducens and trochlear nuclei

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ümit Suat Mayadali ◽  
Jérome Fleuriet ◽  
Michael Mustari ◽  
Hans Straka ◽  
Anja Kerstin Ellen Horn
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Ion Channel ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Calcium Ion Channels ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Transmitter Receptors ◽  
Intrinsic Membrane Properties

AbstractExtraocular motoneurons initiate dynamically different eye movements, including saccades, smooth pursuit and vestibulo-ocular reflexes. These motoneurons subdivide into two main types based on the structure of the neuro-muscular interface: motoneurons of singly-innervated (SIF), and motoneurons of multiply-innervated muscle fibers (MIF). SIF motoneurons are thought to provoke strong and brief/fast muscle contractions, whereas MIF motoneurons initiate prolonged, slow contractions. While relevant for adequate functionality, transmitter and ion channel profiles associated with the morpho-physiological differences between these motoneuron types, have not been elucidated so far. This prompted us to investigate the expression of voltage-gated potassium, sodium and calcium ion channels (Kv1.1, Kv3.1b, Nav1.6, Cav3.1–3.3, KCC2), the transmitter profiles of their presynaptic terminals (vGlut1 and 2, GlyT2 and GAD) and transmitter receptors (GluR2/3, NMDAR1, GlyR1α) using immunohistochemical analyses of abducens and trochlear motoneurons and of abducens internuclear neurons (INTs) in macaque monkeys. The main findings were: (1) MIF and SIF motoneurons express unique voltage-gated ion channel profiles, respectively, likely accounting for differences in intrinsic membrane properties. (2) Presynaptic glutamatergic synapses utilize vGlut2, but not vGlut1. (3) Trochlear motoneurons receive GABAergic inputs, abducens neurons receive both GABAergic and glycinergic inputs. (4) Synaptic densities differ between MIF and SIF motoneurons, with MIF motoneurons receiving fewer terminals. (5) Glutamatergic receptor subtypes differ between MIF and SIF motoneurons. While NMDAR1 is intensely expressed in INTs, MIF motoneurons lack this receptor subtype entirely. The obtained cell-type-specific transmitter and conductance profiles illuminate the structural substrates responsible for differential contributions of neurons in the abducens and trochlear nuclei to eye movements.

Reduced responses of retinal vessels of the newborn pig to prostaglandins but not to thromboxane

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Abran ◽  
Daya R. Varma ◽  
Ding-You Li ◽  
Sylvain Chemtob
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Retinal Blood Flow ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Retinal Vasculature ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Retinal Vessels ◽  
Limit Blood Flow ◽  
Arteries And Veins

The upper blood pressure limit of retinal blood flow autoregulation is lower in the newborn than in the adult; this suggests an insufficient vasoconstrictor response in the newborn when perfusion pressure is increased. Because prostaglandins (PGs) have an important role in autoregulation of retinal blood flow, we compared the effects of PGE2, PGF2α, carbacyclin (PGI2 analogue), and U46619 (thromboxane analogue), as well as that of agonists for the three different PGE2 receptor subtypes, 17-phenyl trinor PGE2 (EP1), butaprost (EP2), and M&B 28,767 (EP3), on the retinal vasculature of newborn and adult pigs, using isolated eyecup preparations. PGF2α and PGE2 caused a markedly greater constriction of retinal arteries and veins of the adult than of the newborn animals. Further analysis of the response to PGE2, using receptor subtype agonists, revealed that the EP1 receptor agonist, 17-phenyl trinor PGE2, and the EP3 receptor agonist, M&B 28,767, caused a significant constriction of adult arteries and veins but produced minimal effects on newborn vessels; the EP2 receptor agonist, butaprost, caused a small and comparable dilation of newborn and adult arteries and veins. The PGI2 analogue, carbacyclin, caused a greater dilation of the adult than of the newborn arteries, but produced comparable dilation of veins from both newborn and adult animals. In contrast to the effects of PGF2α and PGE2, the thromboxane analogue, U46619, as well as the α1-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine, significantly constricted newborn arteries and veins, and this effect was comparable with that observed on retinal vessels of the adult. Our findings indicate that the retinal vasculature of the newborn responds minimally to prostaglandins, primarily PGF2α and PGE2, compared with the adult, but constricts effectively to thromboxane. Since prostaglandins play an important role in the autoregulation of retinal blood flow, our observations provide an explanation for the inability of the newborn to limit blood flow when perfusion pressure is raised.Key words: retinal vascular responses, prostaglandins, thromboxane, PGE2 receptor subtypes.

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