Characterization of a second member of the subfamily of calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers expressed in human non-excitable tissues

2000 ◽  
Vol 345 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araceli DEL ARCO ◽  
Marta AGUDO ◽  
Jorgina SATRÚSTEGUI
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Chromosome Band ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mitochondrial Carriers ◽  
High Sequence Conservation ◽  
Ef Hands ◽  
The Right ◽  
Very High

We have recently identified a subfamily of mitochondrial carriers that bind calcium, and cloned ARALAR1, a member of this subfamily expressed in human muscle and brain. We have now cloned a second human ARALAR gene (ARALAR2) coding for a protein 78.3% identical to Aralar1, but expressed in liver and non-excitable tissues. Aralar2 is identical to citrin, the product of the gene mutated in type-II citrullinaemia [Kobayashi, Sinasac, Iijima, Boright, Begum, Lee, Yasuda, Ikeda, Hirano, Terazono et al. (1999) Nat. Genet. 22, 159-163]. A related protein, DmAralar, 69% identical to Aralar1, was found in Drosophila melanogaster, the DMARALAR locus lying on the right arm of the third chromosome, band 99F. The N-terminal half of Aralar2/citrin is able to bind calcium and this requires the presence of the two most distal EF-hands. The localization of Aralar2/citrin expressed in human cell lines is mitochondrial, the C-terminal half containing sufficient information for import and assembly into mitochondria. The C-terminal half of Aralar proteins is related to the yeast YPR020c gene, with a very high sequence conservation (54.3% identity), suggesting that these proteins play an important role. Thus Aralar proteins are probably expressed in all tissues in an isoform-specific fashion, where they function as calcium-regulated metabolite (possibly anionic) carriers.

scholarly journals Characterization of SCaMC-3-like/slc25a41, a novel calcium-independent mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carrier

2009 ◽  
Vol 418 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Traba ◽  
Jorgina Satrústegui ◽  
Araceli del Arco
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Duplication Event ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Carriers ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Mammalian Genomes ◽  
Ef Hands

The SCaMCs (small calcium-binding mitochondrial carriers) constitute a subfamily of mitochondrial carriers responsible for the ATP-Mg/Pi exchange with at least three paralogues in vertebrates. SCaMC members are proteins with two functional domains, the C-terminal transporter domain and the N-terminal domain which harbours calcium-binding EF-hands and faces the intermembrane space. In the present study, we have characterized a shortened fourth paralogue, SCaMC-3L (SCaMC-3-like; also named slc25a41), which lacks the calcium-binding N-terminal extension. SCaMC-3L orthologues are found exclusively in mammals, showing approx. 60% identity to the C-terminal half of SCaMC-3, its closest paralogue. In mammalian genomes, SCaMC-3 and SCaMC-3L genes are adjacent on the same chromosome, forming a head-to-tail tandem array, and show identical exon–intron boundaries, indicating that SCaMC-3L could have arisen from an SCaMC-3 ancestor by a partial duplication event which occurred prior to mammalian radiation. Expression and functional data suggest that, following the duplication event, SCaMC-3L has acquired more restrictive functions. Unlike the broadly expressed longer SCaMCs, mouse SCaMC-3L shows a limited expression pattern; it is preferentially expressed in testis and, at lower levels, in brain. SCaMC-3L transport activity was studied in yeast deficient in Sal1p, the calcium-dependent mitochondrial ATP-Mg/Pi carrier, co-expressing SCaMC-3L and mitochondrial-targeted luciferase, and it was found to perform ATP-Mg/Pi exchange, in a similar manner to Sal1p or other ATP-Mg/Pi carriers. However, metabolite transport through SCaMC-3L is calcium-independent, representing a novel mechanism involved in adenine nucleotide transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane, different to ADP/ATP translocases or long SCaMC paralogues.

Flow cytometric identification and isolation of hypertrophic type II pneumocytes after partial pneumonectomy

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (3) ◽  
pp. C528-C536 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Uhal ◽  
S. R. Rannels ◽  
D. E. Rannels
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Acridine Orange Staining ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cellular Dna ◽  
The Right

Type II pneumocytes were isolated by either Percoll density gradient centrifugation or by immunoglobulin G (IgG) panning from the lungs of normal rats and the right lung of rats subjected to left pneumonectomy. Cells were studied at 7- (pnx-7) and 15- (pnx-15) days postoperative, times during and after, respectively, rapid compensatory growth of the right lung. Acridine orange staining permitted resolution of type II cells from contaminants on the basis of high red fluorescence (greater than 590 nm). Simultaneous measurement of forward-angle light scatter (FALS) suggested a shift of pnx-7 cells toward greater size, which was reversed in pnx-15 cells. By Percoll gradient isolation, approximately 15% of pnx-7 cells analyzed were above the mean FALS of control cells. In contrast, approximately 30% of the pnx-7 cells isolated by IgG panning were above the mean FALS of corresponding control cells. Biochemical analyses of pnx-7 cells separated by cell sorting into "high FALS" and "low FALS" subgroups revealed that high FALS type II cells contained 50% more protein (P less than 0.05) and 140% more RNA (P less than 0.01) than low FALS cells, with no significant change in cellular DNA content. These data are consistent with previous studies of type II cells isolated from the lungs of pneumonectomized animals and confirm the presence of hypertrophic cells in these preparations. They provide a foundation from which to design further flow cytometric studies of the role of hypertrophic type II pneumocytes in compensatory lung growth.

Islamic hedging for pilgrimage funds: case of Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-341
Author(s):  
Rifki Ismal ◽  
Nurul Izzati Septiana
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exchange Rate Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
Risk Identify ◽  
Hajj Season ◽  
The Right ◽  
Very High

Purpose The demand for Saudi Arabian real (SAR) is very high in the pilgrimage (hajj) season while the authority, unfortunately, does not hedge the hajj funds. As such, the hajj funds are potentially exposed to exchange rate risk, which can impact the value of hajj funds and generate extra cost to the pilgrims. The purpose of this paper is to conduct simulations of Islamic hedging for pilgrimage funds to: mitigate and minimize exchange rate risk, identify and recommend the ideal time, amount and tenors of Islamic hedging for hajj funds, estimate cost saving by pursuing Islamic hedging and propose technical and general recommendations for the authority. Design/methodology/approach Forward transaction mechanism is adopted to compute Islamic forward between SAR and Rupiah (Indonesian currency) or IDR. Findings – based on simulations, the paper finds that: the longer the Islamic hedging tenors, the better is the result of Islamic hedging, the decreasing of IDR/USD is the right time to hedge the hajj funds and, on the other hand, the IDR/SAR appreciation is not the right time to hedge the hajj funds. Findings Based on simulations, the paper finds that: the longer the Islamic hedging tenors, the better is the result of Islamic hedging, the decreasing of IDR/USD is the right time to hedge the hajj funds and, on the other hand, the IDR/SAR appreciation is not the right time to hedge the hajj funds. Research limitations/implications The research suggests the authority to (and not to) hedge the hajj fund, depending on economic conditions and market indicators. Even though the assessment is for the Indonesian case, other countries maintaining hajj funds might also learn from this paper. Originality/value To the best of author’s knowledge, this is the first paper in Indonesia that attempts to simulate the optimal hedging of hajj funds.

Ionized gas kinematics and luminosity profiles of Low-z Lyman Alpha Blobs

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S359) ◽  
pp. 413-414
Author(s):  
María P. Agüero ◽  
Rubén Díaz ◽  
Mischa Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Lyman Alpha ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractThis work is focused on the characterization of the Seyfert-2 galaxies hosting very large, ultra-luminous narrow-line regions (NLRs) at redshifts z = 0.2−0.34. With a space density of 4.4 Gcp−3 at z ∼ 0.3, these “Low Redshift Lyman-α Blob” (LAB) host galaxies are amongst the rarest objects in the universe, and represent an exceptional and short-lived phenomenon in the life cycle of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We present the study of GMOS spectra for 13 LAB galaxies covering the rest frame spectral range 3700–6700 Å. Predominantly, the [OIII]λ5007 emission line radial distribution is as widespread as that of the continuum one. The emission line profiles exhibit FWHM between 300–700 Km s−1. In 7 of 13 cases a broad kinematical component is detected with FWHM within the range 600–1100 Km s−1. The exceptionally high [OIII]λ5007 luminosity is responsible for very high equivalent width reaching 1500 Å at the nucleus.

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of the mazEF Toxin-Antitoxin System in the Pathogenic Bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Wonho Choi ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Ji-Young Park ◽  
Sang-Hyun Park ◽  
Hyeok-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Cell Growth Inhibition ◽  
The Right

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen of various plants which transfers its own DNA (T-DNA) to the host plants. It is used for producing genetically modified plants with this ability. To control T-DNA transfer to the right place, toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of A. tumefaciens were used to control the target site of transfer without any unintentional targeting. Here, we describe a toxin-antitoxin system, Atu0939 (mazE-at) and Atu0940 (mazF-at), in the chromosome of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The toxin in the TA system has 33.3% identity and 45.5% similarity with MazF in Escherichia coli. The expression of MazF-at caused cell growth inhibition, while cells with MazF-at co-expressed with MazE-at grew normally. In vivo and in vitro assays revealed that MazF-at inhibited protein synthesis by decreasing the cellular mRNA stability. Moreover, the catalytic residue of MazF-at was determined to be the 24th glutamic acid using site-directed mutagenesis. From the results, we concluded that MazF-at is a type II toxin-antitoxin system and a ribosome-independent endoribonuclease. Here, we characterized a TA system in A. tumefaciens whose understanding might help to find its physiological function and to develop further applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document