scholarly journals Cloning of mouse 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, and analysing expression of the mRNAs for types 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in mouse embryos and adult tissues

1997 ◽  
Vol 325 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika V. J. MUSTONEN ◽  
Matti H. POUTANEN ◽  
Veli V. ISOMAA ◽  
Pirkko T. VIHKO ◽  
Reijo K. VIHKO
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
Oestradiol Production

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17HSDs) are responsible for the conversion of low-activity sex steroids to more potent forms, and vice versa. 17HSD activity is essential for the biosynthesis of sex steroids in the gonads, and it is also one of the key factors regulating the availability of active ligands for sex-steroid receptors in various extragonadal tissues. In this study, we have characterized mouse 17HSD type 2 cDNA, and analysed the relative expression of 17HSD types 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mRNAs in mouse embryos and adult male and female tissues. The cDNA characterized has a open reading frame of 1146 bp, and encodes a protein of 381 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 41837 kDa. Northern-blot analysis of adult mouse tissues revealed that, of the different 17HSDs, the type 2 enzyme is most abundantly expressed. High expression of the enzyme, which oxidizes both testosterone and oestradiol, in several large organs of both sexes indicates that it is the isoform having the most substantial role in the metabolism of sex steroids. Interestingly, four of the five 17HSD enzymes were also detected by Northern blots of whole mouse embryos, and each of the enzymes showed a unique pattern of expression. The oestradiol-synthesizing type 1 enzyme predominates in early days of development embryonic day 7, but after that the oxidative type 2 enzyme becomes the predominant form of all 17HSDs. The data therefore suggest that there is transient oestradiol production in the early days of embryonic development, after which inactivation of sex steroids predominates in the fetus and placenta.

Serotonin enhances oestradiol production by hamster preovulatory follicles in vitro: effects of experimentally induced atresia

1990 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Terranova ◽  
J. Th. J. Uilenbroek ◽  
L. Saville ◽  
D. Horst ◽  
Y. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glucose Medium ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Oestradiol Production

ABSTRACT Preovulatory follicles from adult hamsters on the morning of pro-oestrus were used in this study. Serotonin stimulated oestradiol production by preovulatory follicles during a 5-h incubation in 1 ml Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate glucose medium containing isobutylmethylxanthine (0.1 mmol/l; IBMX) and androstenedione (1 μmol/l). The enhanced oestradiol production by serotonin was dependent on the dose of IBMX and androstenedione. Mianserin, a serotonin type-1 and serotonin type-2 receptor antagonists, prevented the serotonin-enhanced oestradiol production in a dose-dependent manner. Ketanserin, a specific serotonin type-2 receptor antagonist, was ineffective in blocking the action of serotonin, indicating that the effect of serotonin was mediated by the serotonin type-1 receptor. In the presence of androstenedione (1 μmol/l), serotonin was unable to enhance oestradiol production in isolated granulosa cells. It was also unable to enhance oestradiol production in early atretic follicles; atresia was induced experimentally by an injection of phenobarbital in order to prevent ovulation. The data indicate that serotonin stimulates oestradiol production by hamster preovulatory follicles in vitro. The mechanism of action of serotonin involves an intact healthy follicle, a serotonin type-1 receptor and possibly cyclic AMP. The increased oestradiol secretion might be related to increased androgen production by the follicle and increased permeability (leakiness) of the follicle to androstenedione which serves as substrate for aromatization to oestradiol by the granulosa cell. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 125, 433–438

scholarly journals Replacement of the Replication Factors of Porcine Circovirus (PCV) Type 2 with Those of PCV Type 1 Greatly Enhances Viral Replication InVitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (17) ◽  
pp. 8986-8989 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Beach ◽  
N. M. Juhan ◽  
L. Cordoba ◽  
X. J. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Replication Factors ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Chimeric Viruses

ABSTRACT Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), originally isolated as a contaminant of PK-15 cells, is nonpathogenic, whereas porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes an economically important disease in pigs. To determine the factors affecting virus replication, we constructed chimeric viruses by swapping open reading frame 1 (ORF1) (rep) or the origin of replication (Ori) between PCV1 and PCV2 and compared the replication efficiencies of the chimeric viruses in PK-15 cells. The results showed that the replication factors of PCV1 and PCV2 are fully exchangeable and, most importantly, that both the Ori and rep of PCV1 enhance the virus replication efficiencies of the chimeric viruses with the PCV2 backbone.

scholarly journals Genital warts in Burmeister's porpoises: characterization of Phocoena spinipinnis papillomavirus type 1 (PsPV-1) and evidence for a second, distantly related PsPV

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 1928-1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Françoise Van Bressem ◽  
Patricia Cassonnet ◽  
Annabel Rector ◽  
Christian Desaintes ◽  
Koen Van Waerebeek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Bovine Papillomavirus ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Type 3

We identified sequences from two distantly related papillomaviruses in genital warts from two Burmeister's porpoises, including a PV antigen-positive specimen, and characterized Phocoena spinipinnis papillomavirus type 1 (PsPV-1). The PsPV-1 genome comprises 7879 nt and presents unusual features. It lacks an E7, an E8 and a bona fide E5 open reading frame (ORF) and has a large E6 ORF. PsPV-1 L1 ORF showed the highest percentage of nucleotide identity (54–55 %) with human papillomavirus type 5, bovine papillomavirus type 3 (BPV-3) and Tursiops truncatus papillomavirus type 2 (TtPV-2). This warrants the classification of PsPV-1 as the prototype of the genus Omikronpapillomavirus. PsPV-1 clustered with TtPV-2 in the E6 and E1E2 phylogenetic trees and with TtPV-2 and BPV-3 in the L2L1 tree. This supports the hypothesis that PV evolution may not be monophyletic across all genes.

Type 2 Diabetes Overtakes Type 1 in Hispanic Girls

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
SHERRY BOSCHERT
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes

Molecular analysis of FVIII gene in severe HA patients of Costa Rica

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S150-S152
Author(s):  
G. Jiménez-Cruz ◽  
M. Mendez ◽  
P. Chaverri ◽  
P. Alvarado ◽  
W. Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Factor Viii Gene ◽  
Intron 22 Inversion ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Inversion Analysis

SummaryHaemophilia A (HA) is X-chromosome linked bleeding disorders caused by deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). It is caused by FVIII gene intron 22 inversion (Inv22) in approximately 45% and by intron 1 inversion (Inv1) in 5% of the patients. Both inversions occur as a result of intrachromosomal recombination between homologous regions, in intron 1 or 22 and their extragenic copy located telomeric to the FVIII gene. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of these mutations in 25 HA Costa Rican families. Patients, methods: We studied 34 HA patients and 110 unrelated obligate members and possible carriers for the presence of Inv22or Inv1. Standard analyses of the factor VIII gene were used incl. Southern blot and long-range polymerase chain reaction for inversion analysis. Results: We found altered Inv22 restriction profiles in 21 patients and 37 carriers. It was found type 1 and type 2 of the inversion of Inv22. During the screening for Inv1 among the HA patient, who were Inv22 negative, we did not found this mutation. Discussion: Our data highlight the importance of the analysis of Inv22 for their association with development of inhibitors in the HA patients and we are continuous searching of Inv1 mutation. This knowledge represents a step for genetic counseling and prevention of the inhibitor development.

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