scholarly journals A conserved GATA motif in a tissue-specific DNase I hypersensitive site of the cardiac α-myosin heavy chain gene

1997 ◽  
Vol 325 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weei-Yuarn HUANG ◽  
Choong-Chin LIEW
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Nuclear Extracts ◽  
Hypersensitive Sites ◽  
Gata Motif

Transgenic analysis has indicated that far upstream regulatory elements of the cardiac α-myosin heavy chain (MyHC) gene are required for appropriate transgene expression [Subramaniam, Gulick, Neumann, Knotts and Robbins (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 4331–4336]. In an attempt to identify these as-yet-undefined regulatory elements, we mapped the DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) in the 4 kb upstream region of the hamster cardiac α-MyHC gene. When using nuclei isolated from late-gestational and adult heart ventricles, a strong DHS was identified in the -1.9 kb region (α-1.9 kb site). It cannot be detected in kidney, liver or cardiofibroblast nuclei. Within this site, we found a conserved GATA-motif that interacts specifically with GATA-binding factors in nuclear extracts of cardiomyocytes at various developmental stages. These data provide further evidence to support the role of GATA factors in the regulation of cardiac α-MyHC gene expression.

scholarly journals Multiple muscle-specific regulatory elements are associated with a DNase I hypersensitive site of the cardiac β-myosin heavy-chain gene

1997 ◽  
Vol 327 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weei-Yuarn HUANG ◽  
Jin-Jer CHEN ◽  
N.-L. SHIH ◽  
Choong-Chin LIEW
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Mouse Muscle

Using nuclei isolated from neonatal cardiomyocytes, we have mapped the DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) residing within the 5ʹ-upstream regions of the hamster cardiac myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) gene. Two cardiac-specific DHSs within the 5 kb upstream region of the cardiac MyHC gene were identified. One of the DHSs was mapped to the -2.3 kb (β-2.3 kb) region and the other to the proximal promoter region. We further localized the β-2.3 kb site to a range of 250 bp. Multiple, conserved, muscle regulatory motifs were found within the β-2.3 kb site, consisting of three E-boxes, one AP-2 site, one CArG motif, one CT/ACCC box and one myocyte-specific enhancer factor-2 site. This cluster of regulatory elements is strikingly similar to a cluster found in the enhancer of the mouse muscle creatine kinase gene (-1256 to -1050). The specific interaction of the motifs within the β-2.3 kb site and the cardiac nuclear proteins was demonstrated using gel mobility-shift assays and footprinting analysis. In addition, transfection analysis revealed a significant increase in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity when the β-2.3 kb site was linked to a heterologous promoter. These results suggest that previously undefined regulatory elements of the β-MyHC gene may be associated with the β-2.3 kb site.

scholarly journals Multiple positive and negative 5' regulatory elements control the cell-type-specific expression of the embryonic skeletal myosin heavy-chain gene.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4377-4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Bouvagnet ◽  
E E Strehler ◽  
G E White ◽  
M A Strehler-Page ◽  
B Nadal-Ginard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Specific Element

To identify the DNA sequences that regulate the expression of the sarcomeric myosin heavy-chain (MHC) genes in muscle cells, a series of deletion constructs of the rat embryonic MHC gene was assayed for transient expression after introduction into myogenic and nonmyogenic cells. The sequences in 1.4 kilobases of 5'-flanking DNA were found to be sufficient to direct expression of the MHC gene constructs in a tissue-specific manner (i.e., in differentiated muscle cells but not in undifferentiated muscle and nonmuscle cells). Three main distinct regulatory domains have been identified: (i) the upstream sequences from positions -1413 to -174, which determine the level of expression of the MHC gene and are constituted of three positive regulatory elements and two negative ones; (ii) a muscle-specific regulatory element from positions -173 to -142, which restricts the expression of the MHC gene to muscle cells; and (iii) the promoter region, downstream from position -102, which directs transcription initiation. Introduction of the simian virus 40 enhancer into constructs where subportions of or all of the upstream sequences are deleted (up to position -173) strongly increases the level of expression of such truncated constructs but without changing their muscle specificity. These upstream sequences, which can be substituted for by the simian virus 40 enhancer, function in an orientation-, position-, and promoter-dependent fashion. The muscle-specific element is also promoter specific but does not support efficient expression of the MHC gene. The MHC promoter in itself is not muscle specific. These results underline the importance of the concerted action of multiple regulatory elements that are likely to represent targets for DNA-binding-regulatory proteins.

scholarly journals Splice-Junction Elements and Intronic Sequences Regulate Alternative Splicing of the Drosophila Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Transcript

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 725-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Standiford ◽  
Mary Beth Davis ◽  
Weitao Sun ◽  
Charles P Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Alternative Exon ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Specific Alternative ◽  
Exon 11

The Drosophila muscle myosin heavy chain (Mhc) gene primary transcript contains five alternatively spliced exon groups (exons 3, 7, 9, 11 and 15), each of which contains two to five mutually exclusive members. Individual muscles typically select a specific alternative exon from each group for incorporation into the processed message. We report here on the cis-regulatory mechanisms that direct the processing of alternative exons in Mhc exon 11 in individual muscles using transgenic reporter constructs, RT-PCR and directed mutagenesis. The 6.0-kilobase exon 11 domain is sufficient to direct the correct processing of exon 11 alternatives, demonstrating that the alternative splicing cis-regulatory elements are local to Mhc exon 11. Mutational analysis of Mhc exon 11 reveals that the alternative exon nonconsensus 5′-splice donors are essential for alternative splicing regulation in general, but do not specify alternative exons for inclusion in individual muscles. Rather, we show, through exon substitutions and deletion analyses, that a 360-nucleotide intronic domain precisely directs the normal processing of one exon, Mhc exon 11e, in the indirect flight muscle. These and other data indicate that alternative exons are regulated in appropriate muscles through interactions between intronic alternative splice-specificity elements, nonconsensus exon 11 splice donors and, likely, novel exon-specific alternative splicing factors.

Multiple positive and negative 5' regulatory elements control the cell-type-specific expression of the embryonic skeletal myosin heavy-chain gene

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4377-4389
Author(s):  
P F Bouvagnet ◽  
E E Strehler ◽  
G E White ◽  
M A Strehler-Page ◽  
B Nadal-Ginard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Specific Element

To identify the DNA sequences that regulate the expression of the sarcomeric myosin heavy-chain (MHC) genes in muscle cells, a series of deletion constructs of the rat embryonic MHC gene was assayed for transient expression after introduction into myogenic and nonmyogenic cells. The sequences in 1.4 kilobases of 5'-flanking DNA were found to be sufficient to direct expression of the MHC gene constructs in a tissue-specific manner (i.e., in differentiated muscle cells but not in undifferentiated muscle and nonmuscle cells). Three main distinct regulatory domains have been identified: (i) the upstream sequences from positions -1413 to -174, which determine the level of expression of the MHC gene and are constituted of three positive regulatory elements and two negative ones; (ii) a muscle-specific regulatory element from positions -173 to -142, which restricts the expression of the MHC gene to muscle cells; and (iii) the promoter region, downstream from position -102, which directs transcription initiation. Introduction of the simian virus 40 enhancer into constructs where subportions of or all of the upstream sequences are deleted (up to position -173) strongly increases the level of expression of such truncated constructs but without changing their muscle specificity. These upstream sequences, which can be substituted for by the simian virus 40 enhancer, function in an orientation-, position-, and promoter-dependent fashion. The muscle-specific element is also promoter specific but does not support efficient expression of the MHC gene. The MHC promoter in itself is not muscle specific. These results underline the importance of the concerted action of multiple regulatory elements that are likely to represent targets for DNA-binding-regulatory proteins.

Both muscle-specific and ubiquitous nuclear factors are required for muscle-specific expression of the myosin heavy-chain beta gene in cultured cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-630
Author(s):  
N Shimizu ◽  
E Dizon ◽  
R Zak
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
Nuclear Extracts ◽  
Beta Gene

Expression of the myosin heavy-chain beta gene is controlled by multiple cis-acting regulatory elements in the 5' flanking region; two of these, referred to as A (-276 to -263) and B (-207 to -180), are essential for conferring muscle-specific activation on homologous and heterologous promoters. Here we report on the identification of nuclear protein factors that specifically bind to these two elements. By using the A element as a probe, as well as nuclear extracts from muscle cells, we found two protein-DNA complexes that displayed distinct bands in a gel mobility shift assay but had identical methylation interference patterns. One complex was present mainly in nuclear extracts from undifferentiated muscle and nonmuscle cells, whereas the other was observed mainly in nuclear extracts from differentiated muscle cells. Thus, the muscle-specific complex formation with the A element appears to be involved in determining tissue-specific expression. Furthermore, competition analysis demonstrated that the A-element-binding factors also bind to the muscle-CAT motif in the cardiac troponin T gene. By using the B element as a probe, we saw similar patterns of gel-shifted bands and methylation interference in nonmuscle and muscle nuclear extracts. In addition, both elements A and B were found to be necessary for tissue-specific expression, suggesting that the muscle-specific activation of the myosin heavy-chain beta gene may require interaction between a muscle-specific and a ubiquitous protein-DNA complex.

scholarly journals Both muscle-specific and ubiquitous nuclear factors are required for muscle-specific expression of the myosin heavy-chain beta gene in cultured cells.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Shimizu ◽  
E Dizon ◽  
R Zak
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
Nuclear Extracts ◽  
Beta Gene

Expression of the myosin heavy-chain beta gene is controlled by multiple cis-acting regulatory elements in the 5' flanking region; two of these, referred to as A (-276 to -263) and B (-207 to -180), are essential for conferring muscle-specific activation on homologous and heterologous promoters. Here we report on the identification of nuclear protein factors that specifically bind to these two elements. By using the A element as a probe, as well as nuclear extracts from muscle cells, we found two protein-DNA complexes that displayed distinct bands in a gel mobility shift assay but had identical methylation interference patterns. One complex was present mainly in nuclear extracts from undifferentiated muscle and nonmuscle cells, whereas the other was observed mainly in nuclear extracts from differentiated muscle cells. Thus, the muscle-specific complex formation with the A element appears to be involved in determining tissue-specific expression. Furthermore, competition analysis demonstrated that the A-element-binding factors also bind to the muscle-CAT motif in the cardiac troponin T gene. By using the B element as a probe, we saw similar patterns of gel-shifted bands and methylation interference in nonmuscle and muscle nuclear extracts. In addition, both elements A and B were found to be necessary for tissue-specific expression, suggesting that the muscle-specific activation of the myosin heavy-chain beta gene may require interaction between a muscle-specific and a ubiquitous protein-DNA complex.

scholarly journals Tissue-specific regulation of the alpha-myosin heavy chain gene promoter in transgenic mice.

1991 ◽  
Vol 266 (36) ◽  
pp. 24613-24620
Author(s):  
A. Subramaniam ◽  
W.K. Jones ◽  
J. Gulick ◽  
S. Wert ◽  
J. Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Heavy Chain Gene ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Gene ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Specific Regulation
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